高级英语（第二册） Lesson 10 The Sad Young Men (Rod W. Horton and Herbert W. Edwards)

William Faulkner, Sinclair Lewis, Stephen Vincent Benét, Hart Crane, Thomas Wolfe,

and innumerableothers could never be written off as sterile ,even by itself in a moment

of self-pity. The intellectuals of the Twenties, the \

Fitzserald called them, cursed their luck but didn't die; escaped but voluntarily returned;

flayed the Babbitts but loved their country, and in so doing gave the nation the Iiveliest,

freshest, most stimulating writing in its literary experience.

(from Rhetoric and Literature by P. Joseph Canavan)

9

高级英语（第二册） Lesson 10 The Sad Young Men (Rod W. Horton and Herbert W. Edwards)

NOTES

1. Horton and Edwards: joint authors of the book, Backgrounds of American Literary Thought (1967), from which this piece is taken.

2. The Sad Young Men: a term created by F. Scott Fitzgerald in his book All the Sad Young Men to describe the disillusioned post-World War I younger generation, especially the young writers who lived as expatriates in west Europe for a short time. They were also called the \

3. flask-toting: always carrying a small flask filled with whisky or other strong liquor

4. crash of the world economic structure: referring to the Great Depression in U.S. history, the severe economic crisis supposedly precipitated by the U. S. stock-market crash of 1929. The American depression produced severe effects abroad, especially in Europe.

5. Roosevelt: Theodore Roosevelt (1859-1919), 26th President of the United States (1901-- 09). He drew considerable criticism for his glorification of military strength and his patriotic fervor. After the outbreak of World War I he attacked Wilson' s neutrality policy; and when the United States entered the war he pleaded vainly to be allowed to raise and command a volunteer force.

6. Dos Passos: John Dos Passos (1896--1970), American novelist. Publications: Three Soldiers; Manhattan Transfer; U. S. A. ; District of Columbia, etc.

7. turn belly up: to finish, to end; a term borrowed from fishing. A fish that floats belly up is dead.

8. the strife of 1861--65: the Civil War between the Northern (Federal) States and Southern (Confederate) States, which resulted in victory for the former and the abolition of slavery

9. fracas with Spain in 1898: the Spanish-American War (1898), a brief conflict between Spain and the United States arising out of Spanish policies in Cuba. It was, to a large degree, brought about by the efforts of U. S. expansionists. On May 7, a U. S. squadron under George Dewey sailed into the harbor of Manila, Philippine Islands, and in a few hours thoroughly defeated the Spanish fleet there.

10. San Juan Hill: in East Cuba, near the city of Santiago de Cuba. It was the scene (July, 1898) of a battle in the Spanish-American war, in which Theodore Roosevelt and the Rough Riders took part.

11. National Guard: U. S. militia. In peace time the National Guard is placed under state jurisdiction and can be used by governors to quell local disturbances. In times of

10

高级英语（第二册） Lesson 10 The Sad Young Men (Rod W. Horton and Herbert W. Edwards)

war or other emergencies, the National Guard is absorbed into the active service of the United States and the President is commander-in-chief.

12. Fourth-of-duly: U. S. Independence Day, commemorating the adoption of the Declaration of Independence. Traditionally, it has been celebrated with the firing of guns and fireworks, parades, open-air meetings, and patriotic speeches.

13. Gopher Prairies: backward, undeveloped areas of the prairies

14. \the world safe for democracy\The exact quotation from Woodrow Wilson's Address to Congress (April 2, 1917) is, \democracy.\

15. Napoleonic cynicism: As conqueror, Napoleon cynically rearranged the whole map of Europe. The victorious allies of World War I did the same at Versailles.

16. country club class: people rich enough to join the country clubs

17. Model T: one of the early Ford motorcars

18. Dutch Colonial home: spacious houses following the style of Dutch Colonial architecture

19. Floral Heights: referring, perhaps, to Floral Park on Long Island, a residential suburb of New York. It has a commercial flower industry.

20. Rotary (International): organization of business and professional men, founded (1905) by Paul Percy Harris, a Chicago lawyer. Besides Rotary clubs in the United States, other branches were established in many countries throughout the world. The name was derived from the original custom of meeting in rotation at the members' places of business.

21. Mumford: Lewis Mumford (1895--1990), American social philosopher. Among his books are: Technics and Civilization; The Condition of Man, and The City in History.

22. Pound: Ezra Pound (1885--1972), American poet, critic, and translator; An extremely important influence in the shaping of 20th century poetry, he was one of the most famous and controversial literary figures of this century-- praised as a subtle and complex modern poet, dismissed as a naive egotist and pedant, condemned as a traitor and reactionary. During World War Ⅱ he broadcast Fascist propaganda to the United States for the Italians and was indicted for treason. Pound's major works are: Homage to Sextus Propertius; Hugh Selw3rn Manberley, and the Cantos.

23. Anderson: Sherwood Anderson (1876--1941), American novelist and short story

11

高级英语（第二册） Lesson 10 The Sad Young Men (Rod W. Horton and Herbert W. Edwards)

writer, best known for his novel Wines burg, Ohio

24. Josephson: Matthew Josephson (1899-- ), New York author, known for a time as a member of the post-war expatriate group. Some of his publications include Zola and His Time ; Portrait of the Artist as American ; The Robber Barons, etc.

25. Eliot: T. S. Eliot (1888-1965), English poet and critic. One of the most distinguished literary figures of the 20th century, T. S. Eliot won the 1948 Nobel Prize in literature. Some of his important works include: The Waste-land; Murder in the Cathedral ; The Sacred Wood, etc.

26. Cummings: E. E. Cummings (1894-1962), American poet. Among his 15 volumes of poetry are: Tulips and Chimneys; Is 5, and 95 Poems.

27. Cowley: Malcolm Cowley (1898-- ), American critic and poet. He lived abroad in the 1920s and knew many writers of the \Exile' s Return and Second Flowering.

28. Antibes: a seaside resort on the French Riviera favored by writers and artists

29. Left Bank: left bank of the River Seine in Paris, famous for its open-air book stalls. The Latin quarter, the haunt of university students and teachers, is also on the left bank.

30. O'Neill: Eugene O'Neill (1888-1953), American dramatist. Widely acknowledged as America's greatest playwright, O' Neill brought to the U. S. stage its first serious native drama. Among his famous plays are: Beyond the Horizon; The Emperor Jones; Desire Under the Elms; the Iceman Cometh, etc.

31. Millay: Edna St. Vincent Millay (1892-1950), American poet. One of the most popular poets of her era, Millay was admired as much for the bohemian freedom of her youthful life style as for her verse. Among her poems are: Renascence ; A Few Figs from Thistles ; The Ballad of the Harp Weaver ; Fatal Interview, etc.

32. Fitzgerald: F. Scott Fitzgerald (1896-1940), American novelist and short-story writer. Fitzgerald is considered the literary spokesman of the \of the 1920s. Among his famous works are: This Side of Paradise; The Beautiful and Damned; The Great Gatsby; Tales of the Jazz Age ; All the Sad Young Men, etc.

33. Faulkner: William Faulkner (1897-1962), American novelist. As a writer Faulkner's primary concern was to probe his own region, the deep south. He was awarded the 1949 Nobel Prize in literature. His best-known novels are: The Sound and the Fury; As I Lay Dying ; Sanctuary ; A Fable, etc.

12