高考英语写作专题 - 如何写好简单句 下载本文

欢迎关注@高考直通车 微博:http://weibo.com/gaokao96040

高考英语写作专题 如何写好简单句

英语5种基本句型

1.S(主) + Vi.(不及物动词)(谓)

常见的不及物动词有:appear, apologize, arrive, come, die, disappear, exist, fall, happen, rise, laugh, smile, live, study, arrive, cry, 1isten, walk. 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. S(主语) Time She He We I Vi.(不及物动词) 其它 flies. sings went stopped will go beautifully. Adverbial(副词) on holiday. Prep Phrase(介词短语) to have a rest. Infinitive (不定式) swimming. Participle (分词) 注: “There + be(Vi.) + S …” 也是属于第一种基本句型。 2. S (主)+ V.(谓)(lv.)( 系动词)+ P(表) 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. S (主) We This The flowers Class Kid My friend lv.( 系动词) are is smell is looks becomes P(表) Chinese. N.(名词) mine. Pron. (代词) sweet. Adj.(形容词) over. Adv. (副词) like his father. Prep. Phrase excited. Participle(分词) 除了be 系动词外,还有一些动词也可以用作系动词, 1)表感官的动词,feel, smell, taste, sound, look, appear, seem 等。 2)表转变变化的动词,become, get, grow, turn, go,等。 3)表延续的动词 remain, keep, seem, hold, stay, rest等。 4)表瞬时的动词 come, fall, set, cut, occur等

5)其他动词lie, prove, ring, run, shine, sit, stand, continue, hang等。 注:下列常见“It…”句式也是属于第二句型。

1)It + be +adj./n. + to do…(不定式) It is your duty to take care of your mother. 2)It + be +adj. + for/of +sb. + to do… It is easy for us to finish the project in two days. 3. S (主)+ Vt.(及物动词)(谓)+ O(宾) S (主) Vt.(及物动词)(谓) O(宾) am studying loves wants doesn’t know admitted believe English. N.(名词) him. Pron.(代词) to go there. Infinitive(不定式) where to go. Wh-Word + Infinitive stealing the money. Gerund(动名词) that there is nothing wrong.. That-clause(that从句) 1. I 2. She 3. Helen 4. The kid 5. The thief 6. I 注:1) S + Vt. + infinitive(不定式) I want to help him.

常用于这句型的动词有:attempt, dare, decide, desire, expect, hope, intend, learn, need, offer, pretend, promise, propose, purpose, refuse, want, wish等。 2) S + Vt. + Wh-Word + Infinitive I don't know what to do.

常用于这句型的动词有:ask, consider, decide, discover, explain, find out, forget, guess, inquire,

高考直通车网站:http://www.evensummer.com/

1

欢迎关注@高考直通车 微博:http://weibo.com/gaokao96040

know, learn, observe, remember, see, settle, tell, think, understand, wonder等。 3) S + Vt. + Gerund I enjoy living here.

常用于这句型的动词有:admit, advise, avoid, consider, defend, enjoy, excuse, finish, forbid, mind, miss, practise, risk, suggest, give up, can't help,look forward to, stick to等。 4) S + Vt. + That-clause I don't think (that) he is right.

常用于这句型的动词有:Admit, believe, command, confess, declare, demand, deny, doubt, expect, explain, feel(觉得), hear(听说), hope, imagine, intend, know, mean, mind(当心), notice, propose, request, report, say, see(看出),show, suggest, suppose, think, understand, wish, wonder(觉得奇怪)。 4. S (主)+ Vt.(谓)+ I.O.(间接 宾) + D.O.(直接 宾) 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. S (主) I Mother My uncle He Vt.(谓) sent gave brought can inform I.O.(间接 宾) him (N.名词) Mary (Pron.代词) me (Pron.代词) my brother (N.名词) you (Pron.代词) D.O.(直接 宾) a book. a nice gift yesterday. a story book. a new watch. where the teacher lives. (从句) My father bought 本句型的谓语动词所发出的动作有两个对象,一为“人或动物等”,称为间接宾语;另一为“物或事”,称为直接宾语。本句型也可以把“D.O.”置于 “I.O.”之前,应注意用介词to或for,句型为: S + Vt. + N./Pron. + To/for-phrase. 如:1)He sent me a book.→He sent a book to me. 2)He bought me a coat.→He bought a coat for me.

间接宾语前需要加to 的常用动词有: bring, deny, give, grant, hand, leave, lend, offer, owe, pass, pay, permit, promise, read, render, restore, sell, send, show, teach, tell wish, write等。

间接宾语前需要加for 的常用动词有:bring, buy, cash, choose, fetch, get, leave, make, order, paint, play(演奏),save, sing, spare等。

5. S (主)+ Vt.(谓)+ O.(宾)+ O.C.(宾补) 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. 7. 8. S (主) Vt.(谓) O.(宾) We He She I I He He He named made keeps ask caught taught told advised our daughter (N./Pron). our garden (N./Pron.) everything (N./Pron.) him (N./Pron). him (N./Pron.) me (N./Pron.) me (N./Pron.) me (N./Pron.) O.C.(宾补) Mary. (N.) very beautiful. (Adj.) in good order. (Pren. Phrase) to help me. (Infinitive) cheating in exam. (Participle) how to learn English. (Wh-word + Infinitive) that he passed the exam. (That clause) when we should start. (Wh-clause) 此句型中的动词叫做可以跟复合宾语的动词,后面的宾语补足语是说明宾语的情况的,宾语和宾语补足语一起被称做复合宾语。

注:1) S + Vt. + N./Pron. + N 常用于这句型的动词有:appoint, call, choose, elect, entitle, find, make, name, nominate(命名)。

2) S + Vt. + N./Pron. + Adj 常用于这句型的动词有:beat, boil, cut, drive, find, get, hold, keep, leave, like, make, paint, see, set, turn, want, wash, wipe, wish等。

3) S + Vt. + N./Pron. + Prep Phrase She always keeps everything in good order.

4) S + Vt. + N./Pron. + Infinitive 常用于这句型的动词有:a)不定式带to的词:advice, allow, ask, beg, cause, choose, command, decide, encourage, expect, force, get, hate, invite, know, leave, like, love, order, permit, persuade, prefer, remain, request, teach, tell, want, warn, wish等。 b)不定式不带to的词:feel, have, hear, know, let, listen to, look at, make, notice, see, watch等。

高考直通车网站:http://www.evensummer.com/

2

欢迎关注@高考直通车 微博:http://weibo.com/gaokao96040

5) S + Vt. + N./Pron. + Participle (分词) 常用于这句型的动词有:catch, feel, find, get, have, hear, imagine, keep, leave, listen to, look at, notice, observe, perceive, see, set, smell, start, watch等。 6) S + Vt. + N./Pron. + Wh-word + Infinitive 常用于这句型的动词有:advise, ask, inform, show, teach, tell等。

7) S + Vt. + N./Pron. + That-clause 常用于这句型的动词有:assure, inform, promise, remind, teach, tell, warm等。

8) S + Vt. + N./Pron. + Wh-Clause 常用于这句型的动词有:Advise, ask, inform, show, teach, tell. 6. There be 句型

此句型是由 there + be + 主语 + 状语 构成,用以表达某地存在有,它其实是倒装的一种情况,主语位于谓语动词 be 之后,there 仅为引导词,并无实际意义。Be 与其后的主语在人称和数上一致,有时态和情态变化。如, 现在有 there is / are … 过去有 there was / were…

将来有 there will be…/ there is / are going to be...

现在已经有 there has / have been…

可能有 there might be...

肯定有 there must be …/ there must have been... 过去一直有 there used to be …

似乎有 there seems / seem / seemed to be … 碰巧有 there happen / happens / happened to be..

注:我们受汉语的干扰,会运用一些汉式表达。请观察下列句子: 1)There are two boys are waiting for you. (去掉第二个are或boys后加who) 2)There are many people do exercises in the park every morning.(去掉There are)

此句型有时可用 live, stand, come, go, lie, remain, exist, arrive,等词代替be动词。 Eg: There lived an old man at the foot of the mountain. There lies a book on the desk.

注:在书面表达中。“有…”这个含义,我们会情不自禁地使用There are和have结构来表达。虽然能表达出原意,可千篇一律,总会显得俗气呆板。试比较以下句子,便可见分晓。

学校的体育中心有三个运动区域。1) There are three athletic areas in the school sports centre.

2) The school sports centre contains three athletic areas. (Better)

with结构也有“有”的含义。主要用法介绍如下:

1) It’s a small flat of 25 square metres, with a bedroom, a bathroom, and a kitchen. 2) with + 宾语 + 介词短语 He sat in a chair, with a newspaper in his hands.

3) with + 宾语 + 现在分词 He arrived at a mountain, with a tower standing at the top. With winter coming on, it’s time to buy warm clothes. 练习:(一)主谓结构(主语+不及物动词) 1. 你应当努力学习。 3. 那天早上我们谈了很多。

2. 她昨天回家很晚。4. 会议将持续两个小时。

______________________________________________________________________________________ ______________________________________________________________________________________ 5. 在过去的十年里,我的家乡已经发生了巨大的变化。

______________________________________________________________________________________ 6. 这种事情全世界各地每天都在发生。 8. 这个盒子重五公斤。 10. 让我们立即行动起来。

7. 每天八时开始上课。9. 五年前我住在北京。11.恰好他身边有钱。

____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ ______________________________________________________________________________________

高考直通车网站:http://www.evensummer.com/

3

欢迎关注@高考直通车 微博:http://weibo.com/gaokao96040

12. 慢慢地她脸上露出了一丝笑容。_______________________________________________________ (二)主谓宾结构(主语+及物动词+宾语) 1. 昨晚我写了一封信。 3. 这本书他读过多次了。 5. 你们必须在两周内看完这些书。 7. 我们大家都相信Jack 是一个诚实男孩。 (三)主系表结构(主语+系动词+表语 ) 1. 我的兄弟都是大学生。 3. 布朗夫人看起来很健康。 5. 孩子们,请保持安静。

7. 她的工作是在幼儿园里照看儿童。 9. 树叶已经变黄了。 11. 商店开到八点。

13.这些努力似乎全都白费了。

2. 冬季白天短,夜晚长。

4. 十五岁他就成为有名的钢琴家了。6. 这本书是有关美国历史的书。8. 他失业了。

10. 这个报告听起来很有意思。12.机器出了毛病。14.这话听起来有道理。

______________________________________________________________________________________ __________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ ______________________________________________________________________________________ ______________________________________________________________________________________ ______________________________________________________________________________________ 15.房里一会儿就挤满了人。_____________________________________________________________ (四)双宾语结构(主语+及物动词+间接宾语+直接宾语 ) 1.Johnson 先生去年教我们德语。 3. Mary把钱包交给校长了。 5. 他把车票给列车员看。

7. 我父亲已经给我买了一辆新自行车。 9. 请你给我弄一本新的,好吗?

2. 奶奶昨晚给我们讲了一个有趣的故事。4. 请把那本字典递给我好吗?

6. 这个学期我已经给父母写过三封信了。8. Robinson Crusoe 给自己做了一只小船。10. 我替你叫辆出租汽车好吗?

_____________________________________________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________________________________________ ______________________________________________________________________________________ ______________________________________________________________________________________ ______________________________________________________________________________________ (五)复合宾语结构(主语+及物动词+宾语+宾语补足语) 1. 他的父母给他取名为John.

高考直通车网站:http://www.evensummer.com/

4

2. 今天下午我想同你谈谈。4. 他们成功地完成了计划。

6. 我收到了笔友从澳大利亚寄来的信。8. 他不知道说什麽好。

______________________________________________________________________________________ ____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ ______________________________________________________________________________________

2. 每天早晨我们都听到他大声朗读英语。

______________________________________________________________________________________