暑期衔接课程*新初一英语.
目 录
第一讲 元音 ................................................................................................................................................... 2
第二讲 辅音 .................................................................................................................................................15
第三讲 代词 ................................................................................................................. 错误！未定义书签。
第四讲 名词 ................................................................................................................................................. 37
第五讲 数词 .................................................................................................................................................46
第六讲 一般现在时（一） ......................................................................................................................... 53
第七讲 一般现在时（二） .........................................................................................................................59
第八讲 现在进行时 .....................................................................................................................................66
第九讲 句型转换 ...................................................................................................................................... 71
第十讲 初级写作 .......................................................................................................................................81
学大教育新初一暑期课程综合测试 ........................................................................................................... 87
词汇分类附录 ............................................................................................................................................... 92
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暑期衔接课程*新初一英语.
课题 第一讲：元音 教学 学习20个元音 目标 重点 1、掌握20个元音 难点 2、能拼读音标，能通过拼读音标学会读单词，提高自学英语单词的能力。 第一节 音标概述及长元音
音标就是记录音素的符号，是音素的标写符号。它的制定原则是:一个音素只用一个音标表示，一个音标只表示一个音素。如汉语拼音字母、英语的韦氏音标和国际音标等。狭义上的“音标”意思就是指英语音标。 本套教材所提到的“音标”都是指英语国际音标 首先我们来看下音标的常用分类的形式。
分类一：
单元音（12个）： 元音
长元音：[i:][ɑ:][?:][u:][?:] 短元音：[?][e][?][?][?][?][?] 双元音（8个）：[a?][e?][??][??][??][a?][e?][??] 辅音
清辅音（11个）：[p][t][k][f][s][θ][?][ts][t?][tr][h]
浊辅音（15个）：[b][d][g][v][z][e][?][dz][d?][dr][l][r][m][n][?] 半元音（2个）：[w][j] 分类二： 元音：
前元音：[i:][?][e][?] 中元音：[?][?][?:] 后元音：[ɑ:][?][?:][?][u:] 双元音：[e?][a?][??][a?][??][??][e?][??]
辅音：
爆破音：/ｂ/ /p/ /ɡ/ /k/ /d/ /t/
鼻音：/m/ /n/ / ? / 边音 /l/ 半元音： /W/ /j/ 因为这几个音标中有/?/的音。 摩擦音：/f/ /v/ /s/ /z/ /?/ /?/ /?/ /e/ /h/ /r/ 破擦音：/?/ /?/ /?/ /?/ /dr/ /tr/
本次学习我们将元音按照第一种分类方法来学习，辅音将按两种分法结合来学习。
【知识梳理】
长元音：/ɑ:/，/?:/，/?:/， /i:/，/u:/
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暑期衔接课程*新初一英语.
/ɑ:/
1. 发音要领：/ɑ:/为长元音，舌端离开下齿，舌后部略抬高，口张开，开口最大，唇形自然略成圆形。
发音诀窍： 类似发汉语“啊”，尽量张大嘴，比“啊”张嘴幅度大很多，然后发声即可 2. 单词举例
辅音+元音：/k/+/ /ɑ:/=/kɑ:/ (car 小汽车) 元音+辅音：/ɑ:/+/k/= /ɑ:k/ (Ark 方舟)
辅音+元音+辅音：/h/+ /ɑ:/+/t/=/ hɑ:t/ (heart 心脏) 3.规则总结 ar: start,far, card a: pass, answer al: half er: clerk /?:/
1．发音要领：/?:/为长元音；舌端离开下齿，舌后部抬高，唇形较圆，向前突出。
发音诀窍： 类似发汉语的“喔”，园唇突出，舌头自然垂放，想公鸡一样，震动声带发出“喔”声即可。 2. 单词举例：
辅音+元音：/f/+/ ?:/=/f ?:/ (four 四) 元音+辅音：/ ?:/+/t/ =/?:t/ (ought 应该) 辅音+元音+辅音：/b/+/ ?:/+/d/=/b?:d/ (board 板)
3.规则总结 or: horse, short ou: thought, bought a: water, always al: walk au: caught aw: law, dawn ore: more, before oor: door, floor our: four /?:/
1.发音要领：/?:/为长元音，舌端离开下齿，舌中部抬高，唇形扁平，向左右略微拉开。 发音诀窍：像汉语的“饿”音，注意不要发得太短。 2. 单词举例
辅音+元音：/s/+/?:/=/s?:/ (sir 先生)
元音+辅音：/?:/+ /θ/=/ ?: θ/ (earth 地球)
辅音+元音+辅音：/t/+/ ?:/+/m/=/t ?:m/ (term 学期) 3. 规则总结 ir: dirty
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暑期衔接课程*新初一英语.
er: her or: work ur: fur
ear: heard, learn /i:/
1. 发音要领：注意/i:/为长音，舌端靠近下齿，舌前部抬高，但不接触上齿龈，唇形扁平，接近闭
合。
发音诀窍：就像照相时我们喊“茄子”一样，用英语就喊“cheese”,因为这个词中的/i:/发音时，嘴角向两侧拉伸，像微笑。 2. 单词举例：
辅音+元音：/s/+/i:/=/si:/ （see 看见） 元音+辅音：/i:/+/t/=/i:t/ (eat 吃)
辅音+元音+辅音：/n/+/i:/+/d/=/ni:d/ (need需要) 3. 规则总结
i: police, machine ea: sea, leave ei: receive, deceit e: she, eve, evening ee: sweet, meet ie: believe, thief /u:/
1. 发音要领：/u:/为长元音，舌端离开下齿；舌后部抬高；唇形尽量收缩得小而圆并且向前突出。 发音诀窍：嘴唇撅起，圆而突，音拉长。 2． 单词举例
辅音+元音：/t/+/ u:/=/tu:/ (too 也，太) 元音+辅音：/ u:/+/z/ =/u:z/ (ooze 渗出)
辅音+元音+辅音：/g/+/u:/+/s/=/gu:s/ (goose 鹅) 3. 规则总结 o: who, do
oo: moon, noon, cool ou: youth, through u: rule oe: shoe ew: flew ui: fruit
ue: blue, true 【例题精讲】
/ɑ:/ half past ten 十点半 /?:/ short or tall 矮或高
/?:/ turn blue 变蓝 /i:/ eat meat 吃肉 /u:/ too few 太少的
【巩固练习】
一、朗读下列音标
/i:/ /i:t/ /pi:k/ /bi:d/ /di:d/ /u:/ /fu:d/ /ku:l/ /pu:l/ /tu:l/
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暑期衔接课程*新初一英语.
/?:/ /n?:t/ /t?:n/ /f?:k/ /m?:n/ /a:/ /da:k/ /ka:m/ /ba:n/ /ɡa:d/ /?:/ /b?:d/ /t?:n/ /??:d/ /n?:s/ 二、字母组合的发音。 /i:/ ee --- sleep bee /i:/ ea --- teacher cheap /a:/ ar --- car park /u:/. oo --- too moon
三、根据所给的单元音音标，朗读下面的词组。
/i:/ the deep sleep 酣睡 green tree 绿树 /?:/ the third world 第三世界 the early bird 早到者
/u:/ the blue roof 蓝色的屋顶 a cool pool 一个清凉的水池
/?:/ a small ball
一个小球 more and more 越来越多 一个阴暗的公园 start a car
发动汽车
/a:/ a dark park
第二节 短元音
【知识梳理】 /?/
1. 发音要领：注意/?/为短元音：舌端靠近下齿；舌前部抬高，略高于/e/的舌位；唇形扁平， 但
开口比/e/略大，可容纳食指和中指
发音诀窍：/?/是四个前元音中开口最大的音，嘴咧得像在傻笑。 2．单词举例：
辅音+元音：/f/+/?/=/f? /
元音+辅音：/?/+/z/=/?z/ （as像）
辅音+元音+辅音：/k/+/?/+/t/=/k?t/ (cat猫) 3．发音规则：
a: habit, flag at: plaid /e/
1. 发音要领：注意/e/为短元音；舌端靠近下齿；舌前部抬高，略高于/i/的舌位，唇形扁平，但开
口比/i/略大，可容纳一个食指尖。 发音诀窍：有点像轻轻地应声“哎” 2．单词举例：
辅音+元音：/l/+/e/=/le/
元音+辅音：/e/+/g/=/eg/ (egg 蛋)
辅音+元音+辅音：/b/+/e/+/t/=/bet/ (bet 打赌) 3．规则总结
e:bed, get, let a: many, any, ea: head, weather, bread ai: said ie: friend ue: guest /i/
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暑期衔接课程*新初一英语.
1． 发音要领： 注意/i/为短元音；舌端靠近下齿；舌前部抬高看，略高于/i:/的舌位；唇形扁平，
但开口比/i:/略大，可容纳一个小指尖。
发音诀窍：从/i/出发，收腹，发音短促，就像军训时报数喊“一”。 2． 单词举例：
元音+辅音：/i/+/z/=/iz/ (is 是)
辅音+元音+辅音：/b/+/i/+/t/=/bit/ (bit 一点儿) 3． 规则总结
i: pig, film, kick y: gym, copy, pity e: expect, goodness, careless a: cabbage o: women ei:foreign ui: building ey: money /?/
1. 发音要领：注意/?/为短元音，舌端离开下齿，舌身尽量降低，后缩，舌后部抬高；双唇稍稍收圆，开口大。
发音诀窍：从/?:/音发起，舌后部抬的比/?:/略低，口型比/?:/稍大，音短促。
2. 单词举例
元音+辅音：/?/+/d/=/?d/ (odd 奇怪的)
辅音+元音+辅音：/l/+ /?/+/t/=/l?t/ (lot 许多) 3．规则总结
o: job, knock a: wash, what ou: cough ow: knowledge au: because
/∧/
1.发音要领：/∧/为短元音，舌后部的靠钱部分稍抬起，舌端两侧触下齿，唇形扁平，放松 发音诀窍：像发汉语“啊”音，双唇向两旁平伸，但张口不大，声音短促。 2.单词举例
辅音+元音：/m/+/ ?/=/m?/
元音+辅音：/ ?/+/s/=/?s/ (us我们)
辅音+元音+辅音：/k/+/ ?/+/p/=/k?p/ (cup 杯子) 1. 规则总结
u： up o： love, money oo：blood ou： young /u/
1. 发音要领： /u/为短元音，舌端离开下齿，舌身收缩，舌后部抬高，双唇自然收圆稍向前突出。 发音诀窍： 上下唇稍微撅起，形成的气孔要比发/u:/时大些。 2．单词举例
辅音+元音：/t/+/ u/=/tu/ (to 对，向)
辅音+元音+辅音：/f/+/u/+/t/=/fut/ (foot 脚) 3. 规则总结
oo: hood, hook put: put, pull, full oul: would, should o: woman 【例题精讲】
一、读出下列音标。 第一组
/i:/ /i:t/ /pi:k/ /bi:d/ /di:d/
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暑期衔接课程*新初一英语.
/i/ /it/ /pik/ / bid/ /did/ /e/ /et/ /pek/ /bed/ /ded/ /?/ /?t/ /p?k/ /b?d/ /d?d/ 第二组
/u:/ /fu:d/ /ku:l/ /pu:l/ /tu:l/ /u/ /fut/ /kuk/ /put/ /tuk/ /?:/ /n?:t/ /t?:n/ /f?:k/ /m?:n/ /?/ /n?t/ /t?p/ /f?nd/ /m?p/ 第三组
/a:/ /da:k/ /ka:m/ /ba:n/ /ɡa:d/ /?/ /d?k/ /k?m/ /b?n/ /ɡ?n/ /?:/ /b?:d/ /t?:n/ /n?:s/
/?/ / big?/ / sist?/ / mi:t?/ / ti:??/ 【巩固练习】
1、 字母组合的发音。 /i:/ ee --- sleep bee /i:/ ea --- teacher cheap /e/ ea --- head bread /a:/ ar --- car park /u:/. oo --- too moon /u/ oo --- look book 2、 根据所给的单元音音标，朗读下面的词组。 /i/
a thick stick 一根粗的棍子 a silver lid 一个银盖子 /e/
a red dress 一件红衣服 the next step 下一步 fresh eggs 鲜蛋 /?/
a black hat 一顶黑礼帽 the happy dad 快乐的爸爸 catch a cat 捉猫 /?/
a clever waiter 一位聪明的侍者 the correct answer 正确的答案 /u/
a good cook 一个好厨师 have a look 看一看 on food 步行 full moon 满月 /?/ a hot pot 一个火锅 a soft knock 轻轻的叩门声 a watch shop 一家表店 lock the box 锁上箱子／盒子 /?/
a Sunday club 星期日俱乐部 some luck 一些运气 much honey 许多蜂蜜
第三节 双元音
8个双元音 /ei/ /ai/ /?u/ /u?/ /au/ /?i/ /i ?/ /ε?/ 双元音的发音要领是：前长后短 前重后轻
【知识梳理】 一、/ ?u/，/au/ / ?u/
1. 发音要领：双元音，舌位由低向高滑动，唇形由扁平偏园到略园
发音诀窍：先发/ ?/,下颚稍向上抬起，自然向/u/滑动，不到/u/,即告发音完成，中间无停顿；双
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暑期衔接课程*新初一英语.
唇由扁平收圆 2．单词举例
辅音+元音：/t/+ / ?u/=/t ?u/ toe 脚趾) 元音+辅音：/ ?u/+/n/=/ ?un/ (own 拥有)
辅音+元音+辅音：/n/+ / ?u/+/z/=/n ?uz/ (nose 鼻子) 3．规则总结
o: go, so ow: know, snow oa: loak, boat
ou: though oe: toe ew: sew （缝，缝纫） /au/
1. 发音要领：先发/a:/，双唇收起，自然向/u/滑动，不到/u/,即告发音完成，中间无停顿，双唇收圆，舌后部稍稍抬起。 2． 单词举例
辅音+元音：/c/+/ au /=/cau/ (cow 奶牛) 元音+辅音：/ au /+/t=/ aut/ (out 外面的)
辅音+元音+辅音：/d/+/au/ +/n/= /daun/ (down 向下) 3. 规则总结
ow: allow, now ou: mouth, ground
二．/ei/，/ai/，/?i/ /ei/
1.发音要领：/ei/为双元音，先发/e/，下颚迅速向上合拢，自然向/i/滑动，不到/i/，中间无停顿。 2．单词举例
辅音+元音：/s/+/ei /=/sei/ (say 说) 元音+辅音：/ ei/+/k/ =/eik/ (ache 疼)
辅音+元音+辅音：/f/+/ ei/+/s/=/feis/ (face 脸) 3．规则总结
a: make, same ay: pay, way, may ai: wait ei: eight ea: great ey: they /ai/
1.发音规则：双元音，先发/a:/,下颚迅速向上合拢，自然向/i/滑动，不到/i/。像说汉语我爱你的“爱”，但嘴要张大到不能再大。 2．单词举例
辅音+元音：/h/+/ai/=/hai/ (high 高) 元音+辅音：/ai/+/s/ =/ais/ (ice 冰)
辅音+元音+辅音：/n/+/ai/+/t/=/nait/ (night 夜晚) 3．规则总结
y: fly, cry i: nice igh: high, light ie: lie ei: either uy: buy /?i/
1. 发音要领：双元音，先发/?i/,下颚迅速向上合拢，自然向/i/滑动，不到/i/，中间无停顿。
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暑期衔接课程*新初一英语.
2． 单词举例
辅音+元音：/t/+/ ?i /=/t?i / (high 高) 元音+辅音：/ ?i /+/l/ =/?il/ (ice 冰)
辅音+元音+辅音：/k/+/?i /+/n/=/k?in/ (night 夜晚) 3. 规则总结
oy: toy, joy oi: spoil
三./i?/，/e?/，/u?/ /i?/
1. 发音要领：双元音，唇形由边跑那个到圆形，成自然状态。先发/i/，快速自然向/?/滑动，中间无停顿。
2．单词举例：
辅音+元音：/n/+/i ?/=/ni ?/ (near 近的)
元音+辅音：/i ?/+/s/ =/i ?z/ (ears 耳朵（复数）
辅音+元音+辅音：/p/+/i ?/+/s/=/pi ?s/ (pierce 穿透) 3． 规则总结
e: period ea: really ear: hear, clear ia: material eer: peer ere: here iou: serious /e?/
1.发音要领： 双元音，唇形由扁平到自然。先发/e/，快速自然向/?/滑动。 2．单词举例
辅音+元音：/w/+/e ?/=/we ?/ (wear 穿，戴) 元音+辅音：/e ?/+/z/ =/e ?z / (airs 复数，架子）
辅音+元音+辅音：/e/+/e ?/+/z/=/ee?z / (theirs 他们的) 3．规则总结
a: area are: spare ear: pear, wear air: pair ere: there eir: their /u?/
1.发音要领：双元音，舌位由高相抵滑动，唇形由圆形到扁平自然。先发/u/，快速自然向/?/滑动。 2．单词举例
辅音+元音：/p/+/u ?/=/pu ?/ (poor 贫穷的) 元音+辅音：/u ?/+/d/ =/u ?d/
辅音+元音+辅音：/g/+/u ?/+/d/=/gu ?d / (gourd 葫芦) 3.规则总结
oor: poor ua: usual our: tour ure:cure ur: curious 【例题精讲】
一．词组练习（注意连读） down town 商业中心 make a choice 做选择 thousands of 数以千计的 a good idea 一个好主意 make way 让路 here and there 到处 a quiet life 平静的生活 during the day 在白天
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二、辨音练习
1. / ?u/-/ ?:/ bone-burn tone-turn coal-curl
2. /au/-/?:/ shout-short house-horse down-dawn now- nor 3．/ei/- /e/ late- let sail-sell wait- wet 4. /?i/-/?:/ coil- call toil-tall oil-all 5. /i ?/-/e ?/ fear- fair sheer-share
6. /u ?/-/e ?/ sure- share tour-tear poor-pair 【巩固练习】
/ei/ 字母组合：ea ay ai
a great day 一个伟大的日子 the same way 同样的方法 the late train 晚班车 take place 发生 wait in the rain 在雨中等候 /ai/ 字母组合：igh ind
a bright smile 快乐的笑容 a tired child 一个疲倦的孩子 a kind writer 一位和善的作家 quite right 很对／非常正确 five libraries 五个图书馆
/?i/ 字母组合：oy oi
the boy’s voice 男孩的声音 the boiling point 沸点 make a choice 选择 full of joy 充满了欢乐 boil the oil 熬油
/au/ 字母组合：ou ow
a loud sound 响声 a brown house 一幢棕色的房子 shout out 喊起来 found the cow 找牛 thousands of flowers 千万朵花
/?u/ 字母组合：oa ow
a cold stove 冷却的炉子 the slow boat 慢驶的船 below zero 在零下 no hope 没有希望 roses in the snow 雪中玫瑰
/i?/ 字母组合：ea ear
a queer idea 奇怪的念头 a real hero 一位真正的英雄 cheerful tears 快乐的眼泪 near the theatre 在剧院附近 from ear to ear 列着嘴
/ε?/字母组合：air ear are ere
repair the chair 修椅子 fair hair 金发 share a pear 分梨 take care 小心 here and there 到处／各处
/u?/ 字母组合：our ure oor
a tour to Europe 到欧洲的旅行 make sure 确认／弄清楚
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rich and poor 贫富 【课外拓展】
一、单词辨音（选出读音不同的一项） ( ) 1. A. table B. grape C. dance D. plate ( ) 2. A. clock B. cold C. coffee D. hot ( ) 3. A. touch B. house C. blouse D. out ( ) 4. A. forty B. worker C. horse D. sports ( ) 5. A. hats B. shirts C. sweets D. birds ( ) 6. A. house B. out C. mouse D. touch ( ) 7. A. work B. turn C. purse D. Saturday ( ) 8. A. forty B. doctor C. horse D. morning ( ) 9. A. think B. this C. birthday D. three ( ) 10. A. kites B. skirts C. boats D. birds ( ) 11. A. now B. know C. how D. towel ( ) 12. A. stamp B. plan C. black D. date ( ) 13. A. these B. leg C. left D. friend ( ) 14. A. fine B. milk C. write D. mine ( ) 15. A. ago B. close C. clock D. home
二、找出下列单词划线部分的发音与所给音标相同的单词 ( ) 1. A. answer B. along C. camera ( ) 2. /u:/ A. cook B. cool C. good ( ) 3. /au/ A. know B. snow C. cow ( ) 4. /i:/ A. early B. concert C. people ( ) 5. /e/ A. everything B. plan C. number ( ) 6. /z/ A. slow B. envelopes C. oranges
三、找出与所给单词划线部分读音相同的单词： ( ) 1. book A. room B. school C .look D. afternoon ( ) 2. food A. spoon B. cook C .good D .football ( ) 3. box A. glove B hot C. nose D. come ( ) 4. mother A. orange B. shop C. some D .doll ( ) 5. cake A. glass B. after C. class D. plate ( ) 6. bathroom A. dance B. plane C. tape D. table ( ) 7. back A. grandfather B. any C. station D. make ( ) 8. live A. fine B. light C. violin D. ice-cream ( ) 9. how A. follow B. window C. now D. bowl ( ) 10. bear A. near B. pear C. dear D. year ( ) 11. bed A. he B. she C. yellow D. these ( ) 12. we A. let B. vest C. red D. Chinese ( ) 13. old A. shop B. sofa C. hot D. lovely ( ) 14. true A. blue B. cup C. lunch D. umbrella ( ) 15. plus A. June B. July C. ruler D. hurry ( ) 16. London A. watermelon B. son C. colour D. come ( ) 17. tomorrow A. town B. cow C. grow D. brown ( ) 18. fine A. English B. thank C. can D. mango ( ) 19. tea A. bread B. head C. sweater D. eat ( ) 20. student A. study B. subject C. supermarket D. sunny
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精品课程
课题 第二讲：辅音 教学 学习28个辅音 目标 重点 1、掌握28个辅音 难点 2、能拼读音标，能通过拼读音标学会读单词，提高自学英语单词的能力。 第一节：爆破音、摩擦音（1）
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【知识梳理】
朗读下面28个辅音音标。
爆破音：/ｂ/ /p/ /ɡ/ /k/ /d/ /t/ 鼻音：/m/ /n/ /?/
边音 /l/
半元音： /W/ /j/ 因为这几个音标中有/?/的音。 摩擦音：/f/ /v/ /s/ /z/ /?/ /?/ /?/ /e/ /h/ /r/ 破擦音：/?/ /?/ /?/ /?/ /dr/ /tr/
其中浊辅音发音时声带振动，而轻辅音发音时声带不振动。 清浊辅音对：（发音方法和发音部位相同）
一、 爆破音 /p/ 和/b/
1． 发音要领：/p/和/b/发音部位和发音方法相同：双唇紧闭，气流由双唇冲出，声带不振动，发出/p/, 如果气流在口腔滞留，伴随声带振动，发出/b/
发音诀窍：/p/像发汉语中的“颇”，但没有后面的韵母，/b/像发汉语中的“波”，同样没有韵母的音 2． 多音节划分
picture=pic /`pic/ + ture /t??/=/`pict??/ (picture 图画) rubbish=rub /`r?/ +bish /bi?/= /`r?bi?/ (rubbish垃圾) 3．规则总结
/p/: police, apple /b/: bite, rabbit
/t/和/d/
发音要领： /t/和/d/发音部位和发音方法相同：舌尖接触上齿龈，然后舌尖突然离开上齿龈，气流由舌尖和上齿龈之间冲出，发出爆破音。/t/清辅音，声带不振动，发音送气。/d/浊辅音，声带振动。 发音诀窍：/t/像发汉语中的“特”，但没有后面的e音。/d/像发汉语中的“德”，同样没有后面的e音。 2．多音节划分
terrific= ter/t?/ +ri/`ri/+fic/fik/=/t?`rifik/ (terrific 很棒的) divide= di/di/+ vide/`vaid/=/di`vaid/ (divide划分) 3．规则总结
/t/: twin, little, asked /d/: doctor, wedding, played
/k/和/g/
1．发音要领：/k/和/g/发音部位和发音方法相同：舌后部隆起紧贴软腭，然后舌后部突然离开软腭，气流由舌后部和软腭之间冲出，发出爆破音。/k/清辅音，声带不振动，发音送气。/g/浊辅音，声带振动，发音不送气。
发音诀窍：/k/像发汉语中的“科”但是没有后面的e音/g/像发汉语中的“歌”，同样没有后面的e音 多音节划分
technique=tech/tek/+nique/`ni:k/=/tek`ni:k/ (technique 技术) grammar=gram/` gr?/+ mar/m?/=/` gr?m?/ (grammar 语法) 3．规则总结
/k/: kind, cost, account, technique, quick, liquor /g/: gate, guard, egg 二、摩擦音（1） /f/和/v/
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1．发音要领：/f/和/v/发音部位和发音方法相同：上齿放于下齿上，气流从下齿下唇间缝隙通过，上齿下唇摩擦成音。/f/清辅音，声带不振动，/v/浊辅音，声带振动。/f/音与汉语“夫”相似，但上齿下唇不能分开，必须摩擦声音，好似“咬下唇”，而且/f/音不含元音/u/./v/音与汉语“屋”相似，但上齿下唇不能分开，必须摩擦声音且声带振动。 2． 多音节划分
enough=e/i/+nough/`n?f/=/i`n?f/ (enough 足够的) even=e/`i:/+ven/v?n/=/`i:v?n/ (even甚至) 3． 规则总结
/f/: forever, physics, puff, laugh /v/: drive /θ/和/e/
1．发音要领：这两个音发音部位和发音方法相同：舌尖放在上下齿之间，轻触上齿的下边缘，气流从上齿和舌尖之间缝隙流出，上齿和舌尖摩擦成音。/θ/清辅音，声带不振动，发音送气。/e/浊辅音，声带振动。 2．多音节划分
thirteen=thir/`θ?:/+teen/`ti:n/=/`θ?:`ti:n/ (thirteen 十三) although=al/?:l/+though/`e?u/=/ ?:l`e?u/ (although 虽然) 3． 规则总结
/θ/： three /e/: the /s/和/z/
发音要领：这两个音发音部位和发音方法相同：舌尖靠近下齿龈，气流从下齿龈和舌尖之间缝隙流出，下齿龈和舌尖摩擦成音。/s/清辅音，声带不振动，发音送气。/z/浊辅音，声带振动，发音。 多音节划分
Sunday=sun/`s?n/+day/di/=/``s?ndi/ (Sunday 周日) zebra= ze/`zi:/+bra/br?/=/`zi:br?/ (zebra 斑马) 规则总结
/s/: city, same, kiss, face, science /z/: cars, zoo, buzz
/?/和/?/
1.发音要领：/?/和/?/发音部位和发音方法相同：舌前端接近上齿龈，舌身向上抬向硬腭，气流从舌和硬腭及上齿龈之间缝隙流出，舌前端和硬腭摩擦成音。/?/清辅音，声带不振动，发音送气。/?/浊辅音，声带振动。
发音诀窍：发/?/时，舌平，双唇略向前突起，并稍收圆，好似生气撅嘴。/?/发音时，与/?/相同，声带振动。 2. 辨音练习 / ? /-/ ? /
cash- casual relation- regime commission-conclusion 3.规则总结
/ ? /：she, relation, Asia, sure, ancient / ? /: garage, division, pleasure
【例题精讲】
1、根据所给音标朗读下列单词。 /p/ -p pen map people /ｂ/ -b bed black baby /t/ -t ten Tom that /d/ -d day read window c cap come cup /k/ k Kate week worker ck back cock clock
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/ɡ/ -g get bag gas /m/ -m name game make /n/ -not ten net nurse 2、根据所给音标朗读下列单词。 /f/ -f for knife fifteen /v/ -v have over seven /s/ s sit bus student c nice pencil city /z/ z zoo zero hands s nose rose please /?/ -sh sheep ship English /?/ -s usually /`ju:?u?li/ 通常
【巩固练习】
1、朗读下面的单词，注意爆破音的发音。 /p/ page 页 plane 飞机 post 邮寄 up 向上 lamp 灯 /ｂ/ both 两者都 beat 打 baby 婴儿 lab 实验室 club 俱乐部 /t/ teach 教 ticket 票 taste 尝 write 写 sit 坐 rest 休息 /d/ date 日期 die 死亡 dust 灰尘 friend 朋友 head 头 kind 和善的/k/ key 钥匙 kill 杀死 king 国王 talk 谈话 cook 烧／煮 /ɡ/ goat 山羊 gas 气 gun 抢 egg 蛋 dig 挖 leg 腿 2、 朗读下面的单词，注意单词中摩擦音的发音。 /f/ face 脸 field 田地
fit 合适 knife 刀 thief 贼 enough 足够的 /v/ voice 说话声 visit 访问 view 见解／景物 starve 挨饿 move 移动 live 住 /s/ say 说 seat 座位 sorry 对不起 perhaps 也许 pass 传递 horse 马 /z/ zoo 动物园 zero 零 zine 锌 was 是（过去式） whose 谁的 rise 升起 /?/ shake 摇动 shine 照耀 shop 商店 push 推 dish 盘子／碟子 brush 刷子 /?/ usual 通常的 treasure 财宝
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measure 量 rouge 胭脂
pleasure 愉快
【知识梳理】 一、摩擦音（2） / h/
第二节：摩擦音（2）、破擦音、鼻音、边音、半元音
发音要领：/ h/发音时气流流溢出口腔，气流摩擦两条声带间的缝隙（声门）成音。/ h/清辅音，声带不振动。 多音节划分
behave=be/bi/+have/`heiv/=/bi`heiv/ (behave行为) 辨音练习 /h/-/r/
hear-rear handle-rental hot-rot hate-rate head-read 规则总结
/h/: high, hot, whose, whom /r/
1．发音要领：发音时舌尖卷起，靠向上齿龈后部，向后面的硬腭弯曲，双唇撅起，气流经过时，舌面和上齿龈后部摩擦成音。浊辅音，声带振动。 2．多音节划分
repeat=re/ri/+peat/`pi:t/=/ri`pi:t/ 3. 辨音练习 /r/-/l/
Right- light riddle-little correct-collect river-liver 4．规则总结
/r/: room, marry, wrack
二、破擦音 A. /t?/和/d?/
1.发音要领：/t?/和/d?/发音部位和发音方法相同：舌尖顶在上齿龈后部，先不发音，然后舌尖立即离开上齿龈，双唇略向前突起，并稍收圆，气流从舌和硬腭及上齿龈之间缝隙流出，发出破擦音。/t?/清辅音，声带不振动，发音送气。/d?/浊辅音，声带振动。 2.辨音练习 /t?/-/d?/
chin-gin cheer-jeer choke-joke watch-wage 3. 规则总结
/t?/：change, watch, future
/d?/: major, judge, giant, garage, procedure
B. /tr/和/dr/
1. 发音要领：发音部位和发音方法相同：舌尖顶上齿龈，先不发音，然后舌尖立即离开上齿龈，向上齿龈后部与硬腭连接处翘起，同时双唇撅起，气流从舌面和上齿龈后部之间缝隙流出，发出破擦音。/tr/清辅音，声带不振动，发音送气。/dr/ 浊辅音，声带振动
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2．辨音练习 /tr/-/dr/
try-dry trop-drop trunk-drunk trip-drip train-drain 3. 规则总结
/tr/： stress, trust, destroy /dr/: draw, hundred, drug
C. /ts/和/dz/
1. 发音要领：发音部位和发音方法相同：舌尖顶上齿龈，先不发音，然后舌尖立即离开上齿龈，移向下齿龈，气流从舌和上下齿龈之间缝隙流出，发出破擦音。/ts/清辅音，声带不振动，发音送气，/dz/浊辅音，声带振动。 2． 辨音练习 /ts/-/dz/
beats-beads lots-lords nuts-nods streets-stands 3. 规则总结
/ts/： hurts, cats, hates /dz/: holds, ponds, grades 三、鼻音 /m/
发音要领：/m/发音部位同发/p/和/b/相似，双唇毕拢，软腭下垂，但发音方法是气流从鼻腔流出，而不是口腔。浊辅音，声带振动。嘴呈自然不说话状态，双唇闭合，气流通过鼻腔，同时声带振动，发出/m/. 多音节划分
machine=ma/m?/+chine/`?i:n/= / m?`?i:n/ (machine 机器) 规则总结
m: money, summer /n/
发音要领：发音部位同发/t/和/d/，舌尖紧贴上齿龈，软腭下垂，但发音方法是气流从鼻腔流出，而不是口腔。浊辅音，声带振动。嘴呈开口状态，舌尖抵上齿龈，气流涌出鼻腔，同时声带振动，就发出/n/了。 多音节划分
Funny=fun/`f?/ +ny/ni/=/`f?ni/ (funny 有趣的) 辨音练习 /m/-/n/
seem-sin mice-nice Tom- ton came-cane mine-nine 规则总结
n: note, not, penny /?/
发音要领：/?/发音部位同发/k/和/g/,舌后部抬起贴住软腭，但发音方法是软腭下垂后，鼻腔通道打开，气流从鼻腔流出，而不是口腔。/?/是浊辅音，声 带振动
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多音节划分
English=Eng/`i?g/+lish/li?/=/`i?gli?/ (English 英语) 3．辨音练习 /n/-/?/
thin-thing sin-sing ran-rang win-wing kin-king 4．规则总结
/?/： long, singer, think, tank (ng, nk)
四、边音 /l/
1．发音要领：/l/为舌端齿音边辅音；舌端及舌尖紧贴上齿龈；双唇稍微张大些，气流侧出，振动声带。当/l/在元音前时，舌尖紧贴上齿龈，双唇稍微张大些，气流侧出，声带振动发出声音。当/l/在元音之后时，嘴角向两侧拉伸，舌尖只须地主上龈即可。 2．多音节划分
foolish=fool/`fu:l/+ish/i?/=/`fu:li?/ (foolish 傻的) 3．规则总结
/l/: police, tell, call, live
五、半元音 /w/
发音要领：/w/为舌后软腭半元音；舌后部向软腭抬起，双唇收得很圆很小，并向前突出，声带振动。类似汉语“屋”音，但发/w/音是，双唇要向前突出。 多音节划分
window= win/`win/+dow/d?u/=/`wind?u/ (window 窗户) 辨音练习 /w/-/v/
west-vest wheel-veal wine-vine 规则总结
/w/: wear, what, why
/kw/: quick, queen, quite, quality /j/
发音要领：/j/为舌前硬腭半元音，舌前部像硬腭尽量抬起，双唇向两旁伸展成扁平形，声带振动，一经发出，立刻向后面的元音滑动。类似汉语的“爷”的短促音。 多音节划分
yellow=yel/’je/+low/l?u/=/’jel?u/ (yellow 黄色) 辨音练习 /j/-/i/
year- ear yet- eat yes-is /j/-/d?/
yet-jet use-juice yam-jam 规则总结
/j/: year, yes, use, unique
【例题精讲】
一、朗读下面的单词，注意单词中摩擦音的发音。
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/?/ change 改变 chest 胸膛 /?/ jeep 吉普车 July 七月 /?/ seats 座位(复数) parents 父母/双亲 /?/ beds 床 goods 货物 /tr/ trade 贸易 trip 旅行 /dr/ drop 滴 dry 干燥的
二、朗读下面的单词，注意单词中鼻音、边辅音和半元音的发音。 /m/ many 许多 miss 小姐 /n/ need 需要 never 从不 /?/ morning 早晨 song 歌曲 /l/ left 左边 leaf 叶子 /w/ wind 风 water 水 /j/ year 年 yellow 黄色的
【巩固练习】
/?/ chalk 粉笔 each 每 match 比赛 fetch 去取/拿来 /?/ jar 罐子 judge 法官 large 大的 college 学院 /?/ plants 植物(复数) notes 注释(复数) hearts 心脏(复数) guests 客人(复数) /?/ guards 士兵(复数) hands 手(复数) clouds 云(复数) cards 卡片(复数) /tr/ trouble 麻烦
truth 真理 truck 卡车 travel 旅行 /dr/ drag 拖/拉
drill 训练 drug 药 drink 饮料/饮 /m/ mouse 老鼠
form 形式 come 来 arm 手臂 /n/ nice 好的 queen 王后 warn 警告
line 线路 /?/ thing 事/物
ink 墨水 thank 感谢
English 英语 /l/ lunch 午餐
ill 病的 fall 落下
until 直到 /w/ week 星期 want 想要/要 waste 浪费 wife 妻子 /j/ yet 仍然 your 你的 use 使用
union 联合
第三节 字母发音
【知识梳理】
1、英语字母表及字母的音标。
Aa/ei/ Bb/bi:/ Cc/si:/ Dd/di:/ Ee/i:/ Ff/ef/ Gg/?i:/
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Hh/ei?/ Ii/ai/ Jj/?ei/ Kk/kei/ Ll/el/ Mm/em/ Nn/en/ Oo/?u/ Pp/pi:/ Qq/kju:/ Rr/a:/ Ss/es/ Tt/ti:/
Uu/ju:/ Vv/vi:/ Ww/`d?blju:/ Xx/eks/ Yy/wai/ Zz/zi:/ （或/zed/）
通过小学生已经学过的26个英语字母引出音标，用字母带音标是学习音标极好的方法，即以旧带新，使学生学起音标来得心应手，顺理成章。在音标学习中既不觉得生疏也不觉得困难。 2、字母的音标。
/ei/ /bi:/ /si:/ /di:/ /i:/ /ef/ /?i:/ /ei?/ /ai/ /?ei/ /kei/ /el/ /em/ /en/ /?u/ /pi:/ /kju:/ /a:/ /es/ /ti:/
/ju:/ /vi:/ /`d?blju:/ /eks/ /wai/ /zi:/（或/zed/）
因为我们的目的不是学字母而是学音标，既然已经引出音标，就要抓住不放，强化训练，从开始就练习音标的拼读，一练到底。加强学生对音标的记忆，这对音标的分类学习有极大的好处。
【例题精练】
根据所给音标写出字母，要求写出大小写字母。
/si:/ /el/ /eks/ /pi:/ /wai/ /bi:/ /ei?/ /em/____ /?u/ /kju:/ /es/ /di:/ /ef/ /en/ /ai/ /ju:/____ 选题意图：打乱字母音标的排列顺序，考查学生是否真正掌握了字母的音标。 答案：
/si:/ Cc /el/ Ll /eks/ Xx /pi:/ Pp /wai/ Yy /bi:/ Bb /ei?/ Hh /em/Mm /?u/ Oo /kju:/ Qq /es/ Ss /di:/ Dd /ef/ Ff /en/ Nn /ai/ Ii /ju:/Uu
【巩固练习】
1、根据所给音标写出字母，要求写出大小写字母。
/kju:/____/bi:/____/si:/____/em/____/i:/____/ef/____/?i:/____/?ei/____ /?u/____/ai/____/pi:/____/el/____/en/____/vi:/ ____/eks/____/es/____
2、根据所给音标写出字母，要求写出大小写字母。
/ju:/____/wai/____/ei?/____/a:/____ /kei/____/di:/____/zi:/____/`d?blju:/____
3、总结含有相同因素的字母。
/ei/ _____________________________________ /i:/ _____________________________________ /e/ ______________________________________ /ai/ _____________________________________ /ju:/ _____________________________________
4、26个字母按元音字母和辅音字母的分类。 1）元音字母：
Aa /ei/ Ee /i:/ Ii /ai/ Oo /?u/ Uu /ju:/ 2）其余的是辅音字母：
Bb /bi:/ Cc /si:/ Dd /di:/ Ff /ef/ Gg //?i:/
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Hh /ei?/ Jj /?ei/ Kk /kei/ Ll /el/ Mm /em/ Nn /en/ Pp /pi:/ Qq /kju:/ Rr /a:/ Ss /es/ Tt /ti:/
Vv /vi:/ Ww / d?blju:/ Xx /eks/ Yy /wai/ Zz /zi:/ 3)猜谜语（Riddles）
Which English letter is a drink？ Tt --- tea /ti:/ 茶 Which English letter is an insect？ Bb --- bee /bi:/ 蜜蜂 Which English letter is a person？ Ii --- I /ai/ 我,
Uu --- you /ju:/ 你/你们
【课外拓展】
从字母和字母组合到音标
Ⅰ.元音字母a及a+其他字母的读音
a在重读开音节中读[e?]：name cake game face
a在重读闭音节中读[?]：bag am and at sad a在辅音字母s,th,f,n,ph前读[ɑ:]：class fast grasp ask father after dance graph a在[w]后读[?]或[?:]：want what water[w?:t?] a在ny前读[e]：any many
a弱读时读[?]：along about banana Canana China a在非重读音节中读[?]：orange cabbage
a读[e?]：Mary
ai读[e?]：rain train wait ai读[?]：captain ai读[e]：said
ay读[e?]：day may okay play today ay弱读读[?]：Sunday holiday ay读[e]：says
air读[e?]：air hair chair
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al在多数辅音字母前读[?:]（f,m除外）：all ball call fall hall mall small talk tall wall al还读[?:l]（特别当后面不是k,f,m时）：also salt al在辅音字母f,m前读[ɑ:]：half palm ar在重读音节中读[ɑ:]：:car far park arm star ar在[w]后读[?:]：warm quarter ar弱读读[?]：sugar
are读[e?]：care hare parent
ass在重读音节中读[ɑ:s]：class glass grass pass au在重读音节中读[?:]：August autumn daughter au读[?]：Australia au还读作[ɑ:]：aunt laugh
aw在重读音节中读[?:]：draw saw law awe读[?:]：awe awed aweless Ⅱ. 元音字母e及e+其他字母的读音 e在重读开音节中读[i:]：he she me we e在重读闭音节中读[e]：pen bed yes egg desk e在非重读音节中读[?]：begin English pretty cinema e弱读读[?]：student open children different e读[??]：zero cereal serious e读[j]：Europe
ea在重读音节中读[i:]：tea eat meat ea读[e]：bread head breakfast
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ea读[e?]：great break
ea读[??]：real really idea cereal ear读[?:]：learn earth early heard ear读[e?]：pear wear bear
ear读[??]：ear dear hear near clear ear读[ɑ:]：heart
ed在大部分清辅音后读[t]（[t]除外）：watched washed cooked helped danced
ed在元音和浊辅音后读[d]([d]除外)：played cleaned climbed answered arrived aired boiled emptied enjoyed cried
ed在[t][d]后读[?d]：wanted needed ee在重读音节中读[i:]：see tree see eer读[??]：beer deer pioneer ei读[i:]：receive ei读[e?]：veil vein
ei在gh前读[e?]：eight eighteen eighty eir读[e?]：their theirs eo读[i:]：people
er在重读闭音节中读[?:]：her term
er在非重读音节中读[?]：father mother brother sister ere读[??]：here ere读[e?]：there where
es在浊辅音（[?][?][d?]除外）及元音后，es发[z]：leaves thieves knives wives potatoes tomatoes heroes Negroes goes does families stories
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es在[s][z][?][?][t?][d?]后读[?z]：buses blouses dishes garages watches oranges
ew读[ju:]：new newspaper review ew在l,r,j后读[u:]：flew grew Jew ex读[eks]：exercise exit
ex读[?ks]：excle expensive extinct ex读[?gz]：exam examination exactly ey读[i:]：key
ey读[?]：monkey valley ey读[e?]：they
Ⅲ. 元音字母i及i+其他字母的读音 i在重读开音节中读[a?]：time like rice i在重读闭音节中读[?]：big six sit
i读[i:]：police policeman policewoman machine i弱读读[?]：holiday April i在非重读音节中读[?]：taxi
i读[j]：onion review million billion brilliant behaviour i在元音字母a,e,o前读[a?]：dialogue quiet pioneer i在g前读[a?]：sign high light right i在nd前读[a?]：find behind i在ld前读[a?]：child
i在re前读[a?]：fire tired retire ie在重读音节中辅音字母前读[i:]：piece field believe thief
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ie在重读音节词词尾读[a?]：lie die ir在重读音节中读[?:]：bird girl first Ⅳ.元音字母o及o+其他字母的读音
o在重读开音节中读[??]：go no nose home o在辅音字母st,ld前读[??]：post old o在重读闭音节中读[?]：hot on not sorry o读[?:]：story
o在辅音字母m,n,v和th前读[?]：come none love other o读[u:]：do to who o在w后读[?]：woman wolf
o在非重读音节中读[?]：today policeman oa在重读音节中读[??]：boat coat oar读[?:]：board blackboard cardboard oar读[?]：cupboard oe读[??]：woe oe读[u:]：shoe
oi读[??]：oil toilet boil soil
oo一般读[u:]：too zoo food pool boot school oo在d,k和少数t前读[?]：book look good foot oo读[?]：blood flood oor读[?:]：door floor oor读[??]：poor
or在重读音节中读[?:]：or for short sport
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or在[w]后读[?:]：work word world or读[?]：doctor forget mirror ore读[?:]：more before
ou在多数情况下读[a?]：out about house blouse ou在ght前读[?:]：bought brought thought ou读[?]：touch country enough young ou读[u:]：soup group through ou读[??]：shoulder though ou读[?]：cough
ou读[?]：delicious previous oul读[?]：could would should our读[?:]：four your our读[?:]：journalist journal our读[?]：colour our读[??]：tour our读[a??]：our hour ow读[a?]：how now cow
ow读[??]：show know yellow window owe或ower读[a??]：towel flower oy读[??]：boy toy employee Ⅴ. 元音字母u及u+其他字母的读音 u在重读开音节中读[ju:]：student Tuesday u在重读闭音节中读[?]：bus sun but cut up us
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u处于开音节位置，又在辅音字母j,l,r,s后读[u:]：June fluency February Sue u在重读闭音节中还读[?]：put sugar full push u在非重读音节中读[?]：minus autumn u读[?]：busy minute u读[e]：bury
ui读[ju:]或[j??,ju:?]：suit suicide
l,r,j+ui时，ui读作[u:]或[??,u:?]：sluise fruit juice fluid ruin ui读[?]：build building
ur在重读音节中读[?:]：nurse turn hurt Thursday ur读[?]：surprise Saturday ure读[??]：sure
ure在非重读音节中读[?]：picture pleasure ure在重读音节中读[j??]：cure
精品课程
课题 第三讲：代词 教学 系统学习人称代词、物主代词和反身代词，并掌握其用法。 目标 重点 能熟练运用人称代词、物主代词和反身代词描述和询问身边物品的所属关系。 难点 第一节 人称代词
【知识梳理】
1、人称代词包括：主格：I you he she it we you they 宾格：me you him her it us you them
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2、人称代词主格在句子中充当主语，宾格充当动词的宾语或介词的宾语，如：
The children are playing games in the park. They are having a good time. (主语) Miss Black is our English teacher. We all like her. (动词宾语)
Here are some flowers for her.（介词宾语） 3、人称代词的语序
几个人称代词并列作主语时，它们的顺序是： 单数形式（2，3，1） you, he and I 复数形式（1，2，3） we, you and they
【例题精讲】
根据句意，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中，选择可以填入空白处的最佳答案。 1 北京市2010年中考模拟试题
My parents gave ______ a nice toy dog for my birthday. A. I B. me C. my D. mine
答案与解析：答案B，give sb sth “给某人某物”，me作动词give的宾语。 2 I am an English teacher. ______ are students. A. You B. Your C. Yours D. Me
答案与解析：答案A，空白处应该是主语，要用人称代词主格，I和you都是主格，作主语。 3 The boys often ask ______ some questions. A. I B. you C. me D. mine 答案与解析：：答案C，动作对象就是宾语（即动作的承受者），me作动词ask的宾语。 4 他父母经常给他买一些书。
His parents often buy some books for ______. 答案与解析：答案him, him做介词for的宾语。
【巩固练习】 一、单项填空。
根据句意，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中，选择可以填入空白处的最佳答案。 （一）
( ) 1. How is your father? Please say hello to ______ for me.
A. she B. him C. it D. her ( ) 2. I’m going shopping right now. Would you like to go with ?
A. me B. I C. my D. mine ( ) 3. Who teaches ______ English and math? Mr. Li does.
A. we B. our C. us D. ours
( ) 4.I can’t stand potatoes. They make ______ sick .
A. me B. her C. him D. us
( ) 5. —What do you think of the game shows? —______ are interesting and exciting.
A. It B. We C. They D. Them
二、阅读短文，根据短文内容，在空白处填入一个合适的人称代词。
A driver was going by car through the country. He saw a dog behind a man. As his car came near 1 , the dog suddenly started to cross the road. The poor dog was hit by the
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car and killed. The driver stopped his car and walked towards the man. “I’m very sorry this happened,” 2 said. “Will seven pounds be enough?” “Oh, yes.” said the man. “Seven pounds will be quite enough.” The man put the money in his pocket. When the driver left, the man looked down at the dead dog and said, “Whose dog is 3 ?”
三、连词成句。
1. they, are, books, your? ______________________________
2. I, Jim， friends, are, good, and. _____________________________ 3. them, love, much, very, I. _____________________________ 4. this, brother, is, Tony, my. ______________________________ 5．Are, keys, her, where?
______________________________
第二节 物主代词
【知识梳理】
.1、物主代词分为: 形容词性物主代词：my、your、his、her、its、our和their；
名词性物主代词：mine、yours、his、hers、its、ours和theirs。
2、形容词性物主代词在句子中充当定语，名词性物主代词在句子中充当主语、宾语或表语，如： Where is my watch? (定语) This sweater is hers. (表语) Mine is made of wool. (主语) 3、 用法注意
形容词性物主代词在句中作定语修饰名词，一般不单独使用。
名词性物主代词常用来避免和前面提及的名词重复。相当于“形容词性物主代词+名词”。 名词性物主代词可用在of后面作定语，相当于“of+名词所有格”，表示带有部分概念或有一定的感情色彩。 如：He is a friend of mine. 他是我的一个朋友。
【例题精讲】
根据句意，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中，选择可以填入空白处的最佳答案。 ( ) 1. ---Is this your MP4?
---No. ______ is in the schoolbag.
A. I B. Me C. My D. Mine 答案及解析：D 此题用名词性物主代词作主语，Mine=My MP4。 ( ) 2. ---Whose pen is this?
---It is ______. My friend gave it to me as a gift.
A. mine B. my C. her D. his 答案及解析. A 根据后面句子的意思，mine=my pen。
( ) 3. Miss Gao is going to stay at home with children for the summer holidays.
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A. she B. her C. hers D. herself 答案及解析 B 此题应该用物主代词作定语修饰children。 ( )4. They met granny Ling on ______ way back home.
A. they B. their C. theirs D. them
答案及解析：. B 此题应该用物主代词修饰名词way，作定语, on one’s way home意为“在某人回家的路上”。
【巩固练习】 一、单项选择
( )1.. —Hi, Mary. Can I borrow ______ dictionary?
—Sorry, I’m using it now.
A．your B．my C．his D．her ( )2. — Is this your key, Kathy?
— No. ______ is on the desk.
A. Her B. Mine C. His D. Yours ( ) 3. S .H .E is ______ favorite group. I like them very much.
A. my B. your C. her D. his
( ) 4. A friend of ______ will come to Beijing .
A. me B. my C. mine D. I
( ) 5.Tome is not good at English. Could you help ______ with ______ English, please ?
A. he, his B. him, his C. him, he D. his, him
( ) 6. This is ______ book and ______ is over there .
A. my, yours B. my, your C. me, yours D. mine, you
( )7. ---What’s the girl’s name ? ---______ name is Gina.
A. My B. His C. Her D. She
( )8. —Is this blue bag yours?
—No. ______ is black.
A. I B. Me C. My D. Mine
( )9. ---Is this picture yours?
---No, it’s not ______. It’s Jacky’s.
A. I B. me C. my D. mine ( )10. ---Welcome to ______ school!
---Thank you. Your school is very modern(现代建筑的；现代化结构的). A. our B. their C. his D. your B.
第三节 反身代词
【知识梳理】 反身代词
反身代词包括：myself、yourself、himself、herself、itself、ourselves、yourselves和themselves。
在句子中一般充当宾语或同位语，如：
The students enjoyed themselves very much during the holidays. (宾语) Don’t worry. I can fix the car myself. (同位语)
一般情况下反身代词应该和句子的主语一致，有加强语气的作用。
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总结人称代词、物主代词和反身代词，填写表格。
you he she it we you they 人称 主格 I
代词 宾格 me you him her us you them
it
your his her our your their 物主 形容my
its 代词 词性
yours his hers its ours yours theirs 名词mine
性 人称代词、物主代词和反身代词通常在单选题中考查代词的用法, 解这类问题须先充分 myself yourself himself ourselves yourselves themselves 反身
herself 代词
itself
理解题意，弄清楚题干中主、谓、宾各部分之间的关系之后，才能得出正确答案。 考查点通常为: 人称代词 物主代词 根椐题意判断物品的所属关系 反身代词 1.一些固定搭配 2．与主语的人称、性别和数一致
1.主谓一致 考查点 2.作动词或介词的宾语
【例题精讲】 完成句子。
1. 你的毛衣和我的不一样。
______ sweater is different from ______. 答案与解析：答案 Your, mine
1）your是形容词性物主代词，修饰名词sweater作定语。
2）mine是名词性物主代词，其作用相当于名词，不可以修饰别的词，只能单独使用。
在本句中mine=my sweater，在句子中作介词from的宾语。
2 看！老师的讲台桌上有一个双肩包，是你的吗？
Look! There is a backpack on the teacher’s desk. Is that ______? 答案与解析： 答案 yours
yours是名词性物主代词，其用法相当于名词。 yours=your backpack，在句子中作表语。
3 The students enjoyed ______ very much during the holidays. A. themselves B. ourselves C. yourselves D. myself 答案与解析：答案A，enjoy经常与反身代词连用。
enjoy oneself意思为“玩得很高兴，过得很愉快”反身代词作宾语。
4 别担心，我自己能修好这辆小汽车。
Don’t worry. I can fix the car ______. 答案与解析：答案myself强调“我自己”，而不是和别人一起干，此题中的myself作主语的同位语。
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【巩固练习】 一、单项填空。
根据句意，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中，选择可以填入空白处的最佳答案。 ( )1. Can you give ______ some advice（建议、忠告） on English learning, Peter?
A. I B. my C. me D. mine ( ) 2. — Is this my key, Kathy? — No. ______ is on the desk.
A. My B. Mine C. Your D. Yours
( ) 3. My father is a doctor and ______ works in the hospital near our home.
A. he B. his C. him D. himself ( )4. Jay Zhou is ______ favorite singer. How about yours?
A. I B. me C. my D. mine ( )5. Pass ______ a glass of water, please. She’s thirsty.
A. she B. her C. hers D. me ( ) 6 —Please pass ______ a pen, I want to write a letter.
— Here you are.
A. he B. him C. me D. I
( )7. —Is this picture yours? —No, it’s not______. It’s Allen’s. A. I B. me C. my D. mine ( ) 8. Pass ______ a glass of water, please. I’m thirsty.
A.I B. me C. my D. mine ( ) 9. Mike lost(丢失) his key. ______ couldn’t enter his room.
A. He B. She C. His D. Her
( )10. — My computer! It’s all black! — Let me have a look. And you may use ______.
A. my B. me C. I D. mine
二、写出下列代词的宾格形式。
I ____ you____ he ____ she ____ it ___ we____ you____ they______
三、写出下列代词的名词性物主代词形式。
my____ your _____ his ____ her____ its____ our____ your_____ their_____
四、用方框中所给的词完成对话。
my you her his your
(A)
A: What is the girl’s name? B: 1 name is Gina.
A: And what’s the boy’s name? B: 2 name is Ben. (B)
John: This is 3 father. And Dad, this is my friend. Dad: Nice to meet 4
Peter: Nice to meet you, too. Dad: What’s 5 name? Peter: My name is peter.
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【课外拓展】 一、选择填空
1. Who’s singing over there ? — ________ is Sandy’s sister. A. That B. It C. She D. This 2. ________ will spend the summer holiday in Hawaii.
A. She, you and I B. You, she and I C. I, you and she D. Her, me and you 3. Between you and ________, he is not a real friend. A. me B. I C. he D. his 4. My uncle bought a new bike for ________.
A. theirs B. they C. me D. I
5. Mr Smith often praises ________ for his progress in studies. A. he B. him C. I D. me
6. Here’s a postcard for you, Jim! — Oh, ________ is from my friend, Mary. A. he B. it C. she D. it’s
7. Don’t shake the young tree. ________ leaves are falling off. You should look after ________. A. It, it’s B. It’s, it C. Its, it D. It, it
8. Little Baby knows that he should not take the things that do not belong to ________. A. he B. his C. her D. him 9. Will anyone go on a trip with him ? — Not ________.
A. I B. me C. mine D. he
10. Among those lovely toys, the brown toy dog was given by ________. A. he B. his C. him D. he’s
二、用所给词的适当形式填空 1. That is not _________ kite. That kite is very small, but _________ is very big. ( I ) 2. The dress is _________. Give it to _________. ( she ) 3. Is this _________ watch? (you) No, it’s not _________ . ( I )
4. _________ is my brother. _________ name is Jack. Look! Those stamps are _________. ( he )
5. _________ dresses are red. (we) What colour are _________? ( you ) 6. Here are many dolls, which one is _________ ? ( she ) 7. I can find my toy, but where’s _________? ( you ) 8. Show _________ your kite, OK? (they)
9. I have a beautiful cat. _________name is Mimi. These cakes are _________. ( it ) 10. Are these _________ tickets? No, _________ are not _________. _________ aren’t here. ( they )
11. Shall _________ have a look at that classroom? That is _________ classroom. ( we ) 12. _________ is my aunt. Do you know _________ job? _________ a nurse. ( she ) 13. That is not _________ camera. _________is at home. ( he ) 14. Where are _________? I can’t find _________. Let’s call _________ parents. ( they ) 15. Don’t touch _________. _________ not a cat, _________ a tiger! 16. _________ sister is ill. Please go and get _________. ( she )
17. _________ don’t know her name. Would you please tell _________. ( we ) 18. So many dogs. Let’s count _________. ( they )
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19. I have a lovely brother. _________ is only 3. I like _________ very much. ( he ) 20. May I sit beside _________? ( you )
21. Look at that desk. Those book are on _________. ( it ） 22.The girl behind _________ is our friend. (she )
精品课程
课题 第四讲：名词 1、对常见的名词能区分是可数名词还是不可数名词 教学 2、掌握名词单数变复数 目标 3、掌握不可数名词的量化 4、掌握名词所有格 重点 1、名词单数变复数规则 难点 2、名词所有格
第一节 【知识梳理】
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一、可数名词和不可数名词 初识“名词的数”
英语中名词可以分为可数名词和不可数名词。表示可以被基数词或与他们相当的词所修饰的人或物的名词叫可数名词；表示不可以被基数词或与他们相当的词所修饰的人或物的名词叫不可数名词。可数名词有单数和复数之分。如果表示单个的概念，用名词的单数形式，单数名词前一般要用a或an。如要表示两个或两个以上的概念，用名词的复数形式。下面是名词的单数形式变复数形式的几种情况：
1. 绝大多数的可数名词的复数形式，是在该词末尾加上“-s”。
读音变化：结尾是清辅音时，-s读[s]，结尾是浊辅音或元音时, 读[z]。 例：map → maps; pen → pens; ruler → rulers
2. 凡是以s、z、x、ch、sh结尾的词，在该词末尾加上“-es”构成复数。
读音变化：-es统一加读[iz]。
例：bus → buses; fox → foxes; match → matches; flash → flashes 3. 以辅音字母+y结尾的名词，将y改变为i，再加 “-es”。
读音变化：加读[z]。
例： lady → ladies; story → stories
4. 以-o结尾的名词，如果不是外来词或缩写，就加-es，否则加-s构成复数。
读音变化：加读[z]。
例：tomato → tomatoes; potato → potatoes 例外： piano → pianos; photo → photos
5. 以-f或-fe结尾的名词，多为将-f或-fe改变为“-ves”，但有例外。
读音变化：尾音 [f] 改读 [vz]。
例：knife → knives; life → lives; leaf → leaves 例外：roof→ roofs
注意：
1. 不可数名词所表示的事物无法以数计算，一般没有复数形式。如：water（水） 2. 可数名词作主语时，谓语动词的单复数与主语的单复数保持一致。如： These girls are my friends. 这些女孩是我的朋友。 3.不可数名词作主语时，谓语动词要用单数形式。如：
There is some broccoli on the table. 桌上有些花椰菜。 4.对可数名词前的修饰语提问一般用how many。如：
How many apples do you have? 你有多少个苹果？ 5.对不可数名词前的修饰语提问一般用how much。如：
How much tea is there in the cup? 杯子里有多少茶水？ 6.有些可数名词复数变化无规律，如：
man—men， woman--women， child—children，
foot—feet， tooth—teeth, policeman—policemen等。
7.有些名词既可作可数名词，也可作不可数名词，但它们表达的意义不同。
如：
可数名词 chicken (鸡，一种动物) fish（鱼，一种动物） an ice cream（一个冰淇淋） a tomato salad（一种西红柿沙拉） 不可数名词 chicken（鸡肉） fish（鱼肉） ice cream（冰淇淋这一类） salad（沙拉这一类） 第 35 页 共 90 页
二、名词所有格：
1）一般在名词末尾加’s，用来表示人物或动物的所有格。
2）当名词的结尾为字母s时，则只点撇即可。
3) 表示同属于两个人的物品，应该在第二个名词末尾点撇(’)即可。 4）复合名词或名词词组的所有格，只在最后一个词的末尾加’s。
另外：介词of，用来表示植物或无生命物体的所有格；如：the leaves of the tree、the legs of the table。
注意：
通常在单词拼写题目中, 考查学生在理解题目的前提下，拼写一些常用名词。在单选题目中，考查学生对名词含义的理解及一些名词的变异。有时候也在完形填空题目中，考查在篇章理解的前提下，选用正确的名词，常见的考查点如下：
1. 不可数名词所表示的事物无法以数计算，一般没有复数形式。如：water（水） 2. 可数名词复数或不可数名词作主语时，要注意主谓一致。如： These girls are my friends. 这些女孩是我的朋友。
There is some broccoli on the table. 桌上有些花椰菜。 3. how many用于对可数名词提问。如：
How many apples do you have? 你有多少个苹果？ 4. how much用于对不可数名词提问。如：
How much tea is there in the cup? 杯子里有多少茶水？ 5.有些可数名词复数变化无规律，如：
man—men， woman--women， child—children，
foot—feet， tooth—teeth, policeman—policemen等。
第二节 【例题精讲】
一、单项填空。
根据句意，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中，选择可以填入空白处的最佳答案。 ( ) 1. —Would you like something to drink, _____or coffee?
—Coffee, please.
A．fruit B．tea C．meat D．bread
答案与解析：B 关键词是drink“喝”, tea是一种饮料，是不可数名词。 ( ) 2.--- Would you like some ______?
--- Yes, please. I’m a little thirsty.
A．bread B．meat C．beef D．water 答案与解析：D 关键词是thirsty“渴的”。water“水”是不可数名词。 ( ) 3. —What’s your favorite _____?
—Potatoes.
A．color B．fruit C．subject D．vegetable 答案与解析：D 关键词是Potatoes “土豆”, 属于蔬菜类。 ( ) 4. —Hello, may I speak to Ben, please ?
— Sorry you’ve got a wrong _____.
A．name B．way C．number D．telephone
答案与解析：C May I speak to Ben, please.是打电话时常用的语言，have got“有”，
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本句话中表示“拨电话”的意思。
( ) 5. Lunch is the second _____ of the day.
A. meal B. dinner C. supper D. food
答案与解析：A lunch“午饭/午餐”，meal“餐/饭”。 ( ) 6. I want to have a _____ with you about the problem.
A. fun B. word C. play D. rest
答案与解析：B have a word with sb“和某人说句话”，about“关于”，problem“问题”。 ( ) 7. —Excuse me, what time is it?
—Sorry , I don’t have a _____.
A. radio . B. cup C. watch D. camera 答案与解析：C 关键词是：What time is it?“几点了？”；watch“手表”。 ( ) 8. —How many _____ are there in the kitchen?
—Only one.
A. a bag of rice B. some bags of rice C. bags of rice D. one bag of rice 答案与解析：C How many“多少个”，其后接可数名词复数。句意：厨房里有几袋大米？
( ) .9 .Yao Ming is a popular(受欢迎的) basketball _____.
A. singer B. player C. actor D. dancer
答案与解析：B 根据主语“姚明”，得答案。player “运动员/选手”。
( )10. I’m too hungry. Bring me some _____, please.
A. medicine B. bread C. water D. books 答案与解析：B 关键词是hungry“饥饿的”，bread “面包”，是不可数名词。 ( )11. The two books here are _____ . You may use the book over there. A. Mike’s and Tom’s B. Tom and Mike
C. Mike and Tom D. Mike and Tom’s
答案解析：D 在人名后面写上 ‘s，表示“某某人的”，如果某物同时属于两个人，这时应该在第二个人名的后面写上’s。 ( )12. —Is it your coat ?
—No, It’s my _____.
A．sisters B．sister C．sister’s D．sisters’
答案解析：C 因为coat是单数形式，因此它一定属于一个人的。选项D表示“几个姐姐的/至少两个姐姐”。
( )13. ---How far is your school from here?
---Not very far. It’s about twenty _____ walk.
A. minute’s B. minutes C. minutes’ D. minute 答案解析：C twenty minutes’ “二十分钟的路”，twenty minutes’ walk “步行要二十分钟的路”，这是用时间表示路程的一种方法。
选题意图：小学教材中已经有名词的教学内容，但是对于可数名词和不可数名词没有更详细的教学内容。本题的意图是帮助学生们更明确可数名词和不可数名词的概念及用法，尤其是一些特殊的可数名词的变化形式是解题中的难点，也是中考试卷中的必考项目之一。
二、单词拼写。
根据句子的意思和括号中的所给的中文词语，写出真确的单词。 1. The ________ (双胞胎) are wearing the same clothes.
2. The little girl has a round face and long ________ (头发). 3. The farmer is working in the ________ (田地).
4. There is a lot of ________ (雪) in winter in Harbin. 5. There are sixty ________ (分钟) in an hour.
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6. When he heard the ________ (消息)， he got angry. 7. I pay ten yuan for two kilos of ________ (肉). 8. The ________ (鸡肉) is very delicious.
9. I usually have milk and ________ (面包) for breakfast.
10. It takes them two hours to walk through the ________ (森林). 答案与解析：
1.twins twins是可数名词。 2. hair hair是不可数名词。
3. field field是土地、田地的意思，是集合名词，田地是没有界限的，本题中可视为不可数名词。
4. snow snow是不可数名词。 5. minutes minute是可数名词。
6. news news本身是不可数名词，没有复数形式。
7. meat 表示肉类的单词都是不可数名词，没有复数形式。 8. chicken chichen是不可数名词，没有复数形式。 9. bread bread是不可数名词，没有复数形式。
10. forest forest是集合名词，本题可理解为森林是没有界限的，本题中可视为不可数名词。 选题意图：本题从可数名词和不可数名词的用法训练角度出发，不仅帮助提高学生阅读理解、分析判断的能力还可以提高学生记忆和拼写单词的能力。本题在部分地区也是中考试卷中的必考项目之一。
三、单词拼写。
根据句子意思和首字母提示完成句子。
1. His sister eats lots of healthy f ________.
2. I don’t like milk for b ________ in the morning. I usually have porridge. 3. Here is a p________ of my family. There are five people in it. 4. --- Would you like some w______?
--- Yes, please. I’m a little thirsty.
5. I like f ________, such as apples, bananas, oranges ….
答案：
1. food 本题的关键词是eats。
2. breakfast 本题的关键词是in the morning。
3. picture/photo 本题的关键句子是There are five people in it. 4. water 本题的关键词是thirsty“渴的”。
5. fruit 本题的关键词是apples, bananas, oranges。
选题意图：本题从可数名词和不可数名词用法训练的角度出发，通过训练不仅可以培养学生阅读理解、分析判断的能力还可以提高学生记忆和拼写单词的能力。但比起前一题稍有难度，因为空白部分只给一个首字母，需要提醒学生充分理解题意，在题干中寻找解题的关键词，才能写出正确的单词。本题在部分地区也是中考试卷中的必考项目之一。
第三节 【巩固练习】
一、单项填空。
根据句意，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中，选择可以填入空白处的最佳答案。
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( )1. Lucy likes _____. She has piano lessons on Sundays.
A. movies B. English C. sports D. music
( ) 2. Mary wants to be _____ because she loves children and school very much. A. a teacher B. a police officer C. an actress D.an engineer ( ) 3. —Would you like some _____?
—Thank you, but I’m not thirsty.
A．sandwiches B．cakes C．bread D．orange ( ) 4. ---What’s your favorite subject?
---_____.It’s interesting.
A. T-shirt B. Math C. Toys D.E-mail ( ) 5. She likes singing because she has a very sweet _____. A. face B. voice C. noise D. hands ( ) 6.---I have a toothache.
---Maybe you should see a _____.
A. teacher B. nurse C. worker D. dentist ( ) 7. —Excuse me, what time is it ?
—Sorry , I don’t have a _____.
A. radio . B. cup C. watch D. camera ( )8. Grandma is ill, Please send her to the _____.
A. station B. hospital C. shop D. bookshop ( )9. There is not enough _____ in the corner to put the table.
A. place B. room C. seat D. ground
( )10. He likes English very much, he’s a _____ of the English club.
A. number B. kind C. member D. student
答案解析：
1.D 关键词是piano“钢琴”。
2. A 解题的关键时后面半句话 because she loves children and school very much.“因为她非常喜爱孩子和学校”。
3. D 因为答句说：我不渴，选项中只有orange和答句有关系，orange是不可数名词“橘汁”的意思。
4. B 解题关键时subject “学科”。 5. B like singing“喜欢唱歌”，voice“声音/嗓音”，noise“喧闹声”。
6. D 四个选项的意思分别为：教师，护士，工人，牙医。have a toothache意为：（患了）牙疼。 7. C 关键词是：What time is it?“几点了？”，watch“手表”。 8. B send sb to a place“把某人送到某地”，ill “生病的”。 9. B room“房间”，是可数名词， 还有“空余之地/空间”的意思，是不可数名词。
in the corner“在拐角处”。题意：拐角处没有多余的空间放那张桌子。 10. C member“成员/会员”，句意：他非常喜欢英语，他是英语俱乐部的会员。 二、写出下列各名词的复数形式。 (A)
1.policeman _________ 2.problem __________ 3.question __________ 4.radio __________ 5. reason __________ 6. robot __________ 7. sheep __________ 8. shelf __________ 9. thank _________
10.tooth __________ 11. university __________ 12.video __________ 13.watch __________ 14.woman __________ 15. wife __________ (B)
1.friend __________ 2.half __________ 3. hero __________ 4.house __________ 5. idea __________ 6. knife __________
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7.life __________ 8.market __________ 9.monkey __________ 10. mouth __________ 11.movie __________ 12.museum __________ 13. page __________ 14.parent __________ 15.person __________ (C)
1. piano __________ 2. mouse __________ 3.tomato __________ 4. month __________ 5. leaf __________ 6. brush __________ 7. baby __________ 8. bus __________ 9. century __________ 10 child __________ 11. Chinese __________ 12.city __________ 13. company ________ 14.country __________ 15. foot __________ (D)
1. activity __________ 2.camera __________ 3.glass __________ 4 .movie __________ 5. stone __________ 6. ticket __________ 7 .lady__________ 8. bird __________ 9. island __________ 10.ticket __________ 11. village __________ 12.piece __________ 13.hotel__________ 14.difficulty __________ 15. animal__________ (E)
1. wish__________ 2.flower __________ 3.mile __________ 4. song __________ 5.table __________ 6.key __________ 7. bottle __________ 8. address __________ 9. card __________ 10.hole __________ 11.newspaper __________ 12. tie __________ 13. ball __________ 14.festival __________ 15.baby __________ (F)
1. bag __________ 2.ice __________ 3.factory __________ 4. machine __________ 5.shape __________ 6.plane __________ 7.object __________ 8. dream__________ 9.date __________ 10.boat __________ 11.box__________ 12.dress __________ 13.advice __________ 14. place__________ 15.fun __________ 答案：
(A)1.policemen 2.problems 3.questions 4. radios 5. reasons 6. robots 7. sheep
8. shelves 9. thanks 10.teeth 11. universities 12.videos 13.watches 14.women 15. wives
(B) 1.friends 2. halves 3. heroes 4. houses 5. ideas 6.knives 7. lives 8. markets
9. monkeys 10. mouths 11. movies 12. museums 13. pages 14. parents 15. persons (C)1.pianos 2. mice 3. tomatoes 4. months 5. leaves 6. brushes 7. babies 8. buses
9. centuries 10. children 11. Chinese 12. cities 13. companies 14. countries 15. feet
(D) 1. activities 2. cameras 3. glasses 4. movies 5. stones 6. tickets 7. ladies 8. birds
9. islands 10. tickets 11 . villages 12. pieces 13. hotels 14 .difficulties 15. animals
(E)1.wishes 2. flowers 3.miles 4.songs 5.tables 6.keys 7.bottles 8.addresses
9. cards10.holes 11.newspapers 12.ties 13 .balls 14 .festivals 15.babies
(F)1.bags 2. ice 3.factories 4.machines 5.shapes 6. planes 7.objects 8.dreams
9.dates 10.boats 11. boxes 12.dresses 13 .advice 14 . places 15.fun
二、用括号中所给名词的适当形式填空。
1. These friends come from many __________ (country). 2. There are fifty __________ (state) in America.
3. How many __________ (radio) are there on the shelf. 4. She has saved many people’s__________ (life).
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5. The little baby only has two __________ .(tooth)
6. Here are some flowers for you, with our best __________ (wish) 7. There are twelve__________ (month) in a year. 8. There are many __________ ( monkey) in the zoo.
9. Beijing is one of the most famous__________ (city ) in the world. 10. We have a lot of __________ (work ) to do every day. 11. I put them in__________ (box) under my bed. 12. Fish can’t live without __________ (water)
st
13.June 1 is __________ (child ) Day
14.I like collecting __________ (watch) in my free time. 15.There are seven __________ (day ) in a week.
16. Ms Jenny gave us some__________ (advice)on how to learn English well. 17. Several __________ (woman ) are talking under the tree. 18. After the exam, we’ll have two __________ (week) holiday. 19.He doesn’t like eating __________ (fish).
20.Would you like some __________ __________ (bread) 答案：
1. countries 2. states 3. radios 4. lives 5. teeth 6. wishes 7. months 8. monkeys 9. cities 10. work 11.boxes 12.water 13.Children’s 14.wathches 15.days 16.advice 17.women 18.weeks’ 19.fish 20.bread
三、句型：根据所给汉语意思完成下列英语句子。
1． 你妈妈喜欢吃西红柿吗？
________ your mother ________ ________？ 2． 我的同学不喜欢草莓。
My classmates ________ like ________. 3. 他午饭通常吃什么？
What ________ he usually eat ________ lunch? 4. 约翰喜欢鸡肉还是水果？
________ John ________ chicken ________ fruit? 5. 我一点也不喜欢吃沙拉。
I _________ like ________salad at all. 答案与解析：
1. Does, like tomatoes tomato是可数名词，其复数形式在词尾加-es。 2. don’t, strawberries strawberry是可数名词，其复数形式把词尾的y改为i，再加-es。 3. does, for 介词for通常用来表示目的“每餐饭吃……”。 4. Does, like, or 疑问句中通常用or表示连接，而不用and。 5. don’t, eating like doing sth “喜欢做某事”，是固定搭配。at all用于否定句中，意为“一点儿也不”。 四、汉译英。
跑步明星桑德拉·克拉克吃很多健康的食物。早饭，她喜欢鸡蛋，香蕉和苹果。午饭， 她喜欢汉堡包，沙拉和梨。晚饭，她喜欢鸡肉，西红柿，薯条，以及甜点冰激淋。
Key: Running star Sandra Clark eats lots of healthy food. For breakfast, she likes eggs, bananas and apples. For lunch, she likes hamburgers, salad and pears. And for dinner, she has chicken, tomatoes, French fries, and for dessert, ice cream.
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【课外拓展】
The People in Christmas Day
December 25th is Christmas day. In most countries it is the most important day in the year. All the people come back to their homes. On Christmas day, bells ring everywhere. The ringing bell tell people Christmas is coming. People sing and dance day and night. They have a
good time.
Most family buy a Christmas tree for their children. And there are some presents in the tree here and there. People also put presents in children’s stockings. In many places, Father Christmas himself brings presents to them. He is a kind man and in red clothes.
There is a big bag on his back. In it there are a lot of presents.
On Christmas Day, people enjoy all kinds of food. But some poor people have no food. But some poor people have no houses to live, and have no food to eat. They die of cold
and hunger on Christmas Day.
注解:
country 国 bell 钟,铃 stocking 长袜present 礼物hunger 饥饿 Christmas day圣诞节
根据上文,给下面各题选择正确的答案.
( )1. In most countries, -------------is the most important day in the year. A. Christmas Day B.New Year C.Children’s Day D.Teacher’s Day ( )2.which sentence is not true?----------------
A. On Christmas Day all the people come back to their homes. B. On Christmas Day bells ring everywhere. C. People sing and dance day and night. D. Only children have a good time.
( )3. What do most family buy for their children?--------------------
A. a Christmas tree B. some presents C. new clothes D. both Aand B ( )4. In Father Christmas’s bag there are a lot of -----------. A.food B.books C.presents D. Bells
精品课程
课题 第五讲：数词 教学 1、基数词和序数词的构成及用法； 目标 2、数词的运用。 重点 难点
基数词变序数词规则的掌握
第一节 【知识梳理】
基数词：
1.1—12的基数词是独立的单词，即： one，two，three，four，five，six，seven，eight， nine，
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ten，eleven，twelve。
2.13—19的基数词以-teen结尾。如： fourteen，seventeen等，但13，15，18较特殊， 13—
thirteen 15—fifteen 18—eighteen。
3.20—90的整十位均以-ty结尾。如： sixty，ninety，但20，30，40，50，80较特殊， 20—
twenty， 30—thirty， 40—forty ，50—fifty ，80—eighty。
4.十位数与个位数之间要加连字符号“-”，如：28—twenty-eight，96—ninety-six
5.百位和十位(若无十位则和个位)之间加and，如：148—one hundred and forty-eight ，406
—four hundred and six。
6.hundred(百)，thousand(千)，million(百万)，billion(十亿)等前面即使有具体的数词，也不
能在它们的后面加s。如：600—six hundred，8百万—eight million。
7.1000以上的数字，从后往前数每三位加一个逗号“，”第一个逗号前为千(thousand)，第二个
逗号前为百万(million)，第三个逗号前为billion(十亿)。英语中无“万”这个词，我们可以用“几十个千(thousand)”表示几万，“几百个千(thousand)”表示“几十万”。 如：2，510＝two thousand five hundred and ten；
84，296＝eighty-four thousand two hundred and ninety-six；
274，350＝two hundred and seventy-four thousand three hundred and fifty。
8.hundred，thousand，million用复数形式修饰名词时要用“of＋复数名词”，如：数以百计的
年轻人hundreds of young people；数以千计的书thousands of books。注意：hundreds of ／thousands of／millions of ＋复数名词，其前面不能加具体的数词，但可加several或 many。
序数词：
由基数词转变而来，表示“这是第n个” 1.口诀巧记基数词变序数词：
一、二、三，特殊记， (first，second，third) 八去“t”，九去“e”， (eight—eighth，nine—ninth) “ve”要用“f”替， (five—fifth，twelve—twelfth) 见“y”变成“i”和“e”，词尾加上“th”， (twenty—twentieth，forty—fortieth) 若是遇到几十几，只变个位就可以。 (twenty-five—twenty-fifth) 其余情况均在基数词后加th。
如： six—sixth, nineteen—nineteenth , hundred— hundredth, thousand—thousandth等。
2.序数词有时用缩写形式：
first——lst second——2nd third——3rd
fourth——4th sixth——6th twentieth——20th twenty-third——23rd
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其中lst，2nd，3rd为特殊形式，其它的都是阿拉伯数字后加上th
第二节 【例题精讲】
1. Thursday is the f______ day of the week in the UK.
【答案与解析】序数词的用法及文化习俗。Thursday是周四，但在英国的周历中，周日是一周的第
一天，所以周四是一周的第五天而不是第四天，故答案为fifth。
2. Women’s Day is on the e______ of M_______.
【答案与解析】 月份、序数词的用法及节假日文化常识。妇女节是每年3月8日，故答案分别
填eighth和March。
3. ( ) How do we say “99,118” ?
A. ninety-nine thousand and one hundred and eighteen B. ninety-nine thousands one hundreds and eighteen C. ninety-nine thousand one hundred and eighteen
D. ninety-nine thousands and one hundred and eighteen
【答案与解析】基数词的读法。注意：1,000以上数目的读法：自右向左每三位划一个分节“’”，
第一个分节读thousand, 第二个分节读million, 第三个分节读billion或thousand million ，且hundred, thousand, million等用单数形式。注意，百位数hundred与十位数(或个位数)之间要用and连接。十位数与个位数之间要用连字符号“-”。故选C。
随堂演练
翻译下列短语。
1. 60名工人
2. 15本英语书 3. 8杯咖啡 4. 4把椅子 5. 12月31日 6. 7月1日 7. 第九周 8. 40年前
Keys: 1. sixty workers
2. fifteen English books 3. eight cups of coffee 4 .four chairs
5. the thirty-first of December 6. the first of July 7. the ninth week 8. forty years ago
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把下列基数词改成序数词。
one--- two--- three--- nine--- fourteen--- twenty--- thirty-five---
Keys:
one---first two---second three---third nine---ninth fourteen--- fourteenth twenty--- twentieth thirty-five thirty-fifth
单项选择。
( )1. ---How long is the new bridge? Do you know? ---Yes. It’s about _______.
A. one thousand one hundred and eighty meters B. one thousand and one hundred fifty meters C. two thousands one hundred forty meters D. two thousands seventy and three meters ( )2. There are _______ days in a year.
A. three hundred and sixty-five B. three hundred and sixty five C. three hundred sixty-five D. three hundreds and sixty- five ( )3. I’ve read _______ sports news about the F1 race today.
A. two B. pieces C. two pieces D. two pieces of ( )4. ---Can I help you?
---I’d like _______ for my twin daughters.
A. two pair of shoes B. two pairs of shoe C. two pair of shoe D. two pairs of shoes ( )5. Jack is now in _______ .
A. the three grade B. Grade Third C. Grade Three D. the Third Grade ( )6. Now children, turn to page __and look at the __ picture in Lesson Two. A. twentieth; one B. twenty; one C. twentieth; first D. twenty; first ( )7. ---It’ 9:45. ---Yes, It’s _______ .
A. fifteen from ten B. a quarter to ten C. fifteen past nine D. a quarter past ten
( )8. He believed his lucky number was ten, so he decided to live on the _______ floor.
A. lowest B. ten C. tenth D. the tenth ( )9.I have made _______ dumplings. Now I’m making the _______ one. A. twenty; twentieth-first B. twenty; twenty-first C. twentieth; twenty-first D. twenty; twenty-one
( )10.Time is not enough for so much work. _______ people are needed, I think. A. Other two B. Only two C. Two more D. Two others ( )11.Both of the two rulers are broken. I want to buy a _______ one. A. three B. third C. forth D. 不填 ( )12.This is a big class, and _______ of the students are girls.
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A. two third B. second three C. two thirds D. two three ( )13.---What’s one fourth and a half , do you know? ---Yes, it’s ______.
A. two sixths B. three fourths C. one three D. three sixths Keys:
1-5 AADDC 6-10 DBCBC 11-13 BCB
第三节 【巩固练习】
根据句意和首字母或中文意思，写出句中所缺单词。 1. August is the e_________ month of a year.
2.We’ll meet at a q_________ to eight, that is to say, 7:45 at the bookstore. 3.---Do you know what Taiwan Island was like t_________ of years ago? ---Yes. About 20,000-30,000 years ago, it was part of the mainland.
4.Liu Xiang got the _________ (one) in his competition of the 2004 Olympic Games. 5.Look at the photo! The _________（第二个） man from the left is my grandpa. 6.My aunt’s office is on the _________（第六）floor.
7.The Smiths had a big party to celebrate their son’s _________（二十岁）birthday last Sunday.
8.The boy has collected more than _________（四十）stamps from different countries.
Keys: 1.eighth 2.quarter 3.thousands 4.first 5.second 6.sixth 7.twentieth 8.forty 1
( ) 1 There are ___ days in a year.
A. three hundreds sixty-five B. three hundreds and sixty-five C. three hundred and sixty-five D. three hundred and sixty five ( ) 2 There are____ students in this school.
A. eight hundreds and forty-six B. eight hundred and forty six C. eight hundred and forty-six D. eight hundred forty-six 2
( ) 1 ______people visit this museum every day. A. Hundred B. Hundreds C. Hundred of D. Hundreds of ( ) 2 There are two___ people in the meeting room. A. hundred B. hundreds C. hundreds of D. hundred of ( ) 3 Every year ___ watch NBA on TV. A. million people B. millions of people C. millions people D. million of people
( ) 4 ____ trees have been planted in our school in the past 10 years. A. Thousands of B. Two thousands C. Thousand of D. Two thousand of ( ) 5 Look! There are ___ in the sky.
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A. thousand stars B. thousand of stars C. thousands of stars D. thousands of star 3
( ) 1 My brother is in____.
A. Three Class, One Grade B. Class Three, Grade One C. Grade One, Class Three D. class three, grade one ( ) 2 We are going to learn___ this term.
A. book six B. six book C. the book six D. Book Six ( ) 3 Please turn to___. Let's read the text aloud.
A. Page Two B. the page two C. second page D. page second 4
( ) 1 We can say the number 78, 645 in English like this____. A. seventy-eight thousand and six hundred and forty-five B. seventy-eight thousand six hundred and forty five C. seventy-eight thousand six hundred and forty-five D. seventy eight thousand six hundred and forty-five ( ) 2 \A. nineteen and ninety-nine B. nineteen ninety-nine
C. one thousand nine hundred and ninety-nine D. nineteen hundred and ninety-nine 5
( ) 1 He will come here ____ tomorrow morning. A. at fifth B. at ten C. on two D. till tenth ( ) 2 Every day he begins to do his homework ___. A. at ten past seven B. at seven pass ten C. on ten past seventh D. until ten ( ) 3 He was doing some washing ____.
A. at eight yesterday morning B. yesterday morning eight C. yesterday morning at eight D. by eight yesterday morning 6
( ) 1 He began to work there____.
A. on his fifty B. at age of fifty C. when he fifty D. in his fifties ( ) 2 They moved to Beij ing _
A. in 1980s B. in the 1980 ' C. in the 1980s D. on the 1980's ( ) 3 We all like the boy.
A. of ten years old B. ten-year-old C. at ten old D. of age of ten ( ) 4 She was ___ her early twenties when she went abroad. A. at B. on C. of D: in 7
( ) 1 There are____ months in a year. December is the____month of the year. A. twelve; twelve B. twelve; twelfth C. twelfth; twelve D. twelve; twelveth
( ) 2 During____ century, the world population has already reached 6 billion. A. twenty B. the twentieth C. twentieth / D. the twenty
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( ) 3 Sunday is the____ day of the week. A. seventh B. first C. second D. third ( ) 4 Autumn is season in a year.
A. the fourth B. the third C. a third D. the threeth ( ) 5 Tom was to get to school and I was ______. A. first; ninth C. the first; the ninth
B. a first; a ninth D. the second; the nineth 8
( ) 1 -What's the date today? -Its___.
A. Friday B. time to go C. cloudy D. June 4th ( ) 2 Jenny was born
A. on July 10, 1987 B. in July 10, 1987 C. in 1987, July 10 D. on 1987, July 10
( ) 3 Monday is the second day, and_______.
A. Tuesday is the fourth B. Thursday is the fifth C. the second is Tuesday D. the second is Thursday 9
( ) 1 About____ of the books in our school library are written in Chinese. A. four-fifth B. four-fifths C. fourth-fifths D. fourths-fifth ( ) 2 ___ of the students are girls in our class.
A. Two three B. Two threes C. Two thirds D. Second three
( ) 3 ___ of the world's books and newspapers are written in English. A. Three quarters B. Three quarter C. Thirds four D. Threes fourth 10
( ) 1 Tom is____ in the row.
A. a second B. the second C. two D. second
( ) 2 The girl wanted to sing____ song in English. A. the others B. a second C. other D. the second ( ) 3 Now let me have____.
A. the third try B. a third try C. third try D. this third try 参考答案：
1. 1-2 C C 2. 1-5 D A B A C 3. 1-3 B D A 4. 1- 2 C B 5. 1-3 B A A 6. 1-4 D C A D 7. 1-5 B B B B C 8. 1-3 D A B 9. 1-3 B C A 10. 1-5 B B B
【课外拓展】
This is our class. There are fifty students in our class. There are twenty-five boys and twenty-five girls. There is an American student in our class. Her name is Mary. Her English is very good. We all like her. She likes eating bread and cakes. She likes drinking milk and orange juice. We like eating rice and drinking tea. We are very happy together. I. Read carefully and write “T” for True and “F” for False beside the statements. 仔细阅读，在下列句子前标上T（对）或F（不对）。( 10分 )
( )1. There is an American boy in our class. ( )2 .Mary is an English girl.
( )3. She likes rice, tea, and bread.
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( )4. We are good friends.
( )5. There are twenty-four girls in our class. II. Choose the best answer, A, B, C or D, to these questions. 在A, B, C, D中选出一个最佳答案。
( )1. How many students are there in the class? A. Twenty-five. B. Fifty-five.
C. Fifty. D. Seventy-five. ( )2. What does the American girl like eating?
A. Bread B. Cakes C. Cakes and bread D. Oranges
( )3. What does she like drinking?
A. Orange juice. B. Milk. C. Orange juice and milk. D. Apple juice.
( )4. What do the Chinese students like eating and drinking?
A. Rice and tea. B. Bread and milk. C. Cakes and orange juice. D. Bread and tea.
精品课程
课题 第六讲：一般现在时（一） 教学 系统掌握含有be动词的一般现在时，并熟练掌握其用法 目标 重点 1、句子结构和句式变化 难点 2、There be 句型的用法
第一节 【知识梳理】
一、一般现在时的用法：
1、表达经常性或习惯性的动作。 2、表示现在的状态。
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3、表示真理或客观事实。 例如：1、我们经常在操场上踢足球
We often play football on the playground. 2、他是一个学生。
He is a student. 3、地球绕着太阳转。
The earth goes round the sun.
二、一般现在时需要表示经常性的时间状语
例如：always、usually、often、sometimes、every day、 in the morning/afternoon/evening、on Sundays等。 频率副词：always usually often sometimes seldom never
总是 通常 经常 有时 很少 从不
三、be动词的一般现在时有三种形式，即：am, is, are（翻译为“是”） 1. 如果主语是第一人称I（我）时，be动词用am。 如：I am a student. 我是一名学生。
I am 还可缩写成I'm。如：I'm David. 我是大卫。 am 与 not 不能缩写。如：I am not a bad boy.
2. 如果主语是you （你，你们）, they （他们，它们，她们）或名词复数 （两个以上的 人或物）时，be动词必须用are。 如：Are you twelve? 你是十二岁吗？
Tom and Lily are good friends. 汤姆和莉莉是好朋友。 They are at school. 他们在学校。 are与主语还可缩写。如： We are= We're， They are =They're, You are = You're。 而are与 not可缩写成aren't。如：They aren't students. 他们不是学生。 3. 如果主语是单数名词、不可数名词或第三人称单数代词（he, she, it）时，be动词用is。 如:My mother is a teacher. 我的妈妈是一名老师。 He is a student. 他是一名学生。
is也可与主语缩写,如: He is = He's, My mother is = My mother's等。但是This is 不可缩写。而is与not可缩写成 isn't。如:This isn't a book. 这不是一本书。 4. 句中含有be动词的陈述句变一般疑问句。
把be动词提到句首，be动词要变大写。注意第一人称变第二人称。回答时用yes或no表示，结构：Yes, 主语+be动词，No，主语+be动词+not。 如：It is a book. 变为：Is it a book?
5. 句中含有be动词的肯定陈述句变否定句。
先找肯定陈述句中的be动词，在be动词后加not. 如：It is a book. 变为: It is not a book.
根据以上叙述我们可以把动词的用法以口诀的形式表述出来：
我(I)用am，你(you)用are， is跟着他(he)，她(she)，它(it)； 单数名词用is，复数名词全用are。 变疑问，往前提，句末问号莫丢弃。 变否定，更容易， be后not莫忘记。 疑问否定任你变，句首大写莫迟疑。
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