or regulation. Simply arranging a meeting, making a phone call, or hosting an event is not an ―official act.‖

The court‘s ruling is legally sound in defining a kind of favoritism that is not criminal. Elected leaders must be allowed to help supporters deal with bureaucratic problems without fear of prosecution of bribery. ―The basic compact underlying representative government,‖ wrote Chief Justice John Roberts for the court, ―assumes that public officials will hear from their constituents and act on their concerns.‖

But the ruling reinforces the need for citizens and their elected representatives, not the courts, to ensure equality of access to government. Officials must not be allowed to play favorites in providing information or in arranging meetings simply because an individual or group provides a campaign donation or a personal gift. This type of integrity requires will-enforced laws in government transparency, such as records of official meetings, rules on lobbying, and information about each elected leader‘s source of wealth.

Favoritism in official access can fan public perceptions of corruption. But it is not always corruption. Rather officials must avoid double standards, or different types of access for average people and the wealthy. If connections can be bought, a basic premise of democratic society – that all are equal in treatment by government- is undermined. Good government rests on an understanding of the inherent worth of each individual.

The court‘s ruling is a step forward in the struggle against both corruption and official favoritism.

36. The underlined sentence(Para.1) most probably shows that the court [A] avoided defining the extent of McDonnell‘s duties. [B] made no compromise in convicting McDonnell. [C] was contemptuous of McDonnell‘s conduct. [D] refused to comment on McDonnell‘s ethics.

37. According to Paragraph 4, an official act is deemed corruptive only if it involves [A] concrete returns for gift-givers. [B] sizable gains in the form of gifts. [C] leaking secrets intentionally. [D] breaking contracts officially.

38. The court‘s ruling is d on the assumption that public officials are [A] allowed to focus on the concerns of their supporters. [B] qualified to deal independently with bureaucratic issues. [C] justified in addressing the needs of their constituents. [D] exempt from conviction on the charge of favoritism.

39. Well-enforced laws in government transparency are needed to [A] awaken the conscience of officials. [B] guarantee fair play in official access. [C] allow for certain kinds of lobbying. [D] inspire hopes in average people.

40. The author‘s attitude toward the court‘s ruling is

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[A] sarcastic. [B] tolerant. [C] skeptical. [D] supportive.

答案：36-40 CBABD

36. 答案【C】was contemptuous of McDonnell‘s conduct.

解析：根据题干中的关键词The underlined sentence (para. 1)，可以快速的回到原文精确定位到第一段的划线句子，But it did so while holding its nose at the ethics of his conduct, which included accepting gifts such as a Rolex watch and a Ferrari Automobile from a company seekingaccess to government. 联系文章第一句话，虽然最高法院没有判定Robert McDonnell受贿罪，但是 holding its nose at the ethics of his conduct, 即，在道德上却对他的行为嗤之以鼻。由此可以锁定C选项中的 was contemptuous of 法院其实非常轻视Robert McDonnell的行为。文章的D选项中出现 ethics，原文中相同的词，可能会混淆考生的思维，但是，此句话说的是拒绝从道德的标准评论Robert McDonnell的行为。

37. 答案【B】sizable gains in the form of gifts.

解析：根据题干中给出的信息，可知这一题是对文章第四段理解，由第四段推理出正确答案。从第四段But under anti-bribery laws, proof must be made of concrete benefits, such as approval of a contract or regulation. Simply arranging a meeting, making a phone call, or hosting an event is not an ―official act.‖可以知道，对腐败的定义是，只有受贿者给予了行贿者实际的好处，例如 a contract or regulation, 如果提供的不是具体的好处，仅仅只是：arranging a meeting, making a phone call, or hosting an event, 那么这种行为就不是受贿。由此可以得出答案为A.

38. 答案【A】allowed to focus on the concerns of their supporters.

解析：根据题干中的关键词The court‘s ruling is don the assumption可以锁定文章的第五段，―The basic compact underlying representative government,‖ wrote Chief Justice John Roberts for the court, ―assumes that public officials will hear from their constituents and act on their concerns.‖可以知道，法院的裁定是建立听取其选民的意见，按照他们的利益行事。所以原文中的constituents对应A选项的 supporters，支持者。所以答案选择A

39. 答案【B】guarantee fair play in official access.

解析：根据题干中的关键词Well-enforced laws in government transparency可以锁定文章的第六段This type of integrity requires will-enforced laws in government transparency, such as records of official meetings, rules on lobbying, and information about each elected leader‘s source of wealth.但是从这句话中找不到所需的信息，从this type of可以知道这句话与前面的句子联系紧密，因而可以追溯到这一段的第一句话，But the ruling reinforces the need for citizens and their elected representatives, not the courts, to ensure equality of access to government. 执法力度需要加强市民及其当选代表，而不是法院获得接近政府的平等的机会。equality与B选项的fair play相对应，因此选B.

40. 答案【D】supportive.

解析：本题考察的是态度题，从文中最后一句话: The court‘s ruling is a step forward in the struggle against both corruption and official favoritism.可以看出作者认为法院的裁定是进步的： a step forward，，因此可以看出作者对此的态度是supportive. sarcastic: 尖酸的，挖苦的；tolerant：宽容的，容忍的；skeptical：怀疑的。

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Part B Directions:

The following paragraphs are given in a wrong order. For questions 41-45, you are

required to reorganize these paragraphs into a coherent text by choosing from the list A-G and filling them into the numbered boxes. Paragraphs B andD have been correctly placed. Mark your answers on theANSWER SHEET.（10 points）

[A] The first published sketch, \in the pages of The Monthly Magazine From then on his sketches, which appeared under the pen name \inThe Evening Chronicle, earned him a modest reputation.

[B] The runaway success of The Pickwick Papers, as it is generally known today, secured Dickens's fame. There were Pickwick coats and Pickwick cigars, and the plump, spectacled hero, Samuel Pickwick, because a national figure.

[C] Soon after Sketches by Boz appeared, a publishing firm approached Dickens to write a story in monthly installments, as a backdrop for a series of woodcuts by the then-famous artist Robert Seymour, who had originated the idea for the story. With characteristic confidence, Dickens successfully insisted that Seymour's pictures illustrate his own story instead. After the first installment, Dickens wrote to the artist and asked him to correct a drawing Dickens felt, was not faithful enough to his prose. Seymour made the change, went into his backyard, and expressed his displeasure by committing suicide. Dickens and his publishers simply pressed on with a new artist. The comic novel, The Posthumous Papers of the Pickwick Club, appeared serially in 1836 and 1837 and was first published in book form in 1837.

[D] Charles Dickens is probably the best-known and, to many people, the greatest English novelist of the 19th century. A moralist, satirist, and social reformer, Dickens crafted complex plots and striking characters that capture the panorama of English society.

[E]Soon after his father's release from prison, Dickens got a better job as errand boy in law offices. He taught himself shorthand to get an even better job later as a court stenographer and as a reporter in Parliament. At the same time, Dickens, who had a reporter's eye for transcribing the life around him, especially anything comic or odd, submitted short sketches to obscure magazines.

[F] Dickens was born in Portsmouth, on England's southern coast. His father was a clerk in the British Navy Pay office -- a respectable position, but with little social status. His paternal grandparents, a steward and a housekeeper, possessed even less status, having been servants, and Dickenslaterconcealedtheirbackground.Dicken's mother supposedly came from a more respectable family. Yet two years before Dicken's birth, his mother's father was caught stealing and fled to Europe, never to return. The family's increasing poverty forced Dickens out of school at age 12 to work in Warren's Blacking Warehouse, a shoe-polish factory, where the other working boys mocked him as \father was then imprisoned for debt. The humiliations of his father's imprisonment and his labor in the blacking factory formed Dickens's greatest wound and became his deepest secret.He could not confide them even to his wife, although they provide the unacknowledged foundation of his fiction.

[G] After Pickwick, Dickens plunged into a bleaker world. InOliver Twist, he traces an orphan's progress from theworkhouse to the criminal slums of London. NicholasNickleby, his next novel, combines the darkness of

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Oliver Twist with the sunlight of Pickwick. The popularity of thesenovels consolidated Dickens' as a nationally and internationally celebrated man of letters.

41.【答案】F

【解析】排序题关键是收尾相接，要紧紧牢记大纲的考点“一致性和衔接性”。也就是要想选出下一题首先要确定上段的尾句在说什么，做到上一段的尾句和要选择的段落首句衔接。41题取决于给出的首段D选线。D选项起到统领全文的作用，主要对狄更斯进以及他的作品进行了总体的评价和概括：狄更斯对于大多数人来说是英国知名的、伟大的小说家，他是一名道德家、讽刺家以及社会先驱者，他的小说情节曲折、人物性格鲜明，捕捉到了英国社会的全景。那么对于这类人物自传式的文章，后面会先减少其生平。纵观各选项，不难发现F选项首句出现Dickens was born in Portsmouth, on England's southern coast，各位考生要把握was born出生这个关键词。因此，41题选择F选项。

42.【答案】E

【解析】要想做出42题，关键是理解41题F选项，尤其是F选项的后面一部分。我们认真研读F选项的后半段一直在介绍狄更斯童年经历中他父亲所起到的作用，介绍他的父亲由于债务被关进了监狱，这给狄更斯带了羞耻感以及后面他在黑工厂做工的经历对他性格的行程都起到了很大的作用。于是我们浏览各选项首句，发现E选项开头Soon after his father's release from prison，出现了很关键的线索词，即他的父亲被释放后，因此E可以接在4题F选项的后面。所以，42题选择E选项。

43.【答案】A

【解析】43题取决于42题E选型的尾句，E选项的前半句说狄更斯找到了一份文职的工作，最后一句是At the same time, Dickens, who had a reporter's eye for transcribing the life around him, especially anything comic or odd, submitted short sketches to obscure magazines，大概意思说他开始用语言记录周围的人和生活，尤其是幽默的和奇怪的，形成了一些杂志magazine 中基本的素材梗概sketches，浏览各选项的首句，很容易发现A选项的首句The first published sketch, \eyes when he discovered it in the pages of The Monthly Magazine From then on his sketches,考生会发现复现词magazine 和sketches。因此，42题选择A选项。

44.【答案】C

【解析】44题取决于43题A选项的尾句，A选项的尾句说道狄更斯用\这个笔名开始发表文章，并且小有名气，浏览各选项首句，会发现C选项的首句出现了Soon after Sketches by Boz appeared，这里我们会发现他的笔名，原词复现，因此，44题选择C选项。

45.【答案】G 【解析】45题还剩最后一个选项G，我们要验证一下G选项是否适合放在最后一段，用什么来验证呢？利用给定的上一段B选项。取决于B选项的尾句，看其是否能与G选项的首句衔接。B选项的尾句在讲狄更斯说的成功，以及他的小说中的人物匹克威多带来的影响和效应。而不难发现G选项的首句复现了Pickwick，而且还有一个时间线索词after。因此，45题选择G选项。

Section III Translation

Directions:

Read the following text carefully and then translate the underlined segments into Chinese.

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