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promote needless surgery. 458.

Joplin’s faith in his opera “Tremonisha” was unshakable; in 1911 he

published the score at his own expense and decided to stage the work himself. 459.

Judge Bonham denied a motion to allow members of the jury to go home

at the end of each day rather than be confined to a hotel. 460.

It could be argued that the most significant virtue of a popular democracy

is not the right to 10 participate in the selection of leaders, but rather its

affirmation of our importance in the scheme of things. 461.

Judge Forer recognizes that the American judicial system provides more

safeguards for accused persons than does the legal system of any other country, but she believes there is a great disparity between the systems of justice accorded rich and poor.

462. Judge Lois Forer’s study asks why some litigants have a preferred status over others in the use of a public resource, the courts, which in theory are available to all but in fact are unequally distributed between rich and poor. 463.

Judicial rules in many states require that the identities of all prosecution

witnesses be made known to defendants so that they can attempt to rebut the testimony, but the Constitution explicitly requires only that the defendant have the opportunity to confront an accuser in court.

464. Just as a writer trying to understand shtetl life might read Shalom

Aleichem or Isaac Bashevis Singer, so a writer trying to understand black life in the American South might well listen to records by the Mississippi Delta bluesman Charlie Patton.

465. Just as plant species native to regions with browsing mammals evolved

many natural anti-browser defenses (such as sharp spines and toxic chemicals), so humans in malarial regions have evolved dozens of chemical defenses against malaria. 466.

Just as reading Samuel Pepys’s diary gives a student a sense of the

seventeenth century—of its texture and psyche—so listening to Jane Freed’s guileless child narrator takes the operagoer inside turn-of-the-century

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Vienna. 467.

Just as the European countries of the early eighteenth century sought to exploit the resources of our continent, so too are we now attempting to extract energy and minerals from the ocean bed.

468. The fact that King Alfred had occupied and fortified London in 886 did not mean that he had also won the loyalty of its citizens: the invading Danes were well aware of this weakness and used it to their advantage in 893.

469. Kansas Republican Nancy Kassebaum, one of only two women in the U.S.

Senate in 1992, said she did not wish so much for more women senators as for more moderate Republicans.

470. Lacking information about energy use, people tend to overestimate the

amount of energy used by visible equipment, such as lights, that must be turned on and off and underestimate that used by unobtrusive equipment, such as water heaters.

471. Last spring a Colorado health department survey of 72 playgrounds in

private child-care centers found that 95 percent had unsafe conditions

ranging from splinters to equipment near collapse. 472.

Last year, land values in most parts of the pinelands rose almost as fast as,

and in some parts even faster than, those outside the pinelands. 473.

Lawmakers are examining measures that would require banks to disclose

all fees and account requirements in writing, to provide free cashing of government checks, and to create basic savings accounts that carry minimal fees and require minimal initial deposits.

474. Legend has it that when the Mohawk Joseph Brant was presented to

George III in 1776, he proudly refused to kiss the King’s hand, inasmuch as he considered himself an ally, not a subject.

475. Legislation in the Canadian province of Ontario requires of both public

and private employers that pay be the same for jobs historically held by

women as for jobs requiring comparable skill that are usually held by men. 476.

Less detrimental than the effects of bacterial transformation are the