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专题十二 名词
【考点定位】 2010考纲解读和近几年考点分布
研究近年来高考题我们不难看出，名词部分主要考察名词的词义辨析和习惯搭配、名词的数（可数与不可数、单数与复数）、名词的所有格、抽象名词的具体化、物质名词的量化、名词和冠词的搭配以及主谓一致等。在高考试题中，名词常结合其他项目一起考察，考察题型以单项选择、短文改错、完形填空、语篇中的名词词义理解（及单词拼写等。 【考点pk】 名师考点透析
考点一、对同义词、近义词的考查
1、 At the meeting they discussed three different_______to the study of mathematics。 A．approaches B．means
C．methods D．ways
考点二、对相似词的考查
2、Always read the_______on the bottle carefully and take the right amount of medicine. A. explanations B. instructions
C. descriptions D. introductions
考点三、易错的新版教材名词固定搭配
作为对新版教材的体现，新版教材里的一些新出现的名词固定搭配得到了较多的一种考查。
3、______achievement，last week’s ministerial meeting of the WTO here earned a low,though not failing，grade．
A．In terms of B．In case of C．As a result of D．In face of 【答案】A。
【解析】语境为：就成绩而言，上周WTO在这里的部长级会议得分不高，尽管还不至于不及格。B项表“如果”，C项表“因为”，D项表“面对??”，A项表“关于、至于”，符合题意。
4、You have been sitting on my hat and now it is badly out of______。 A．date B．shape
C．order D．balanee 【答案】B。
【解析】你坐在我帽子上，帽子已严重变形了。out of shape意为“变形”；out of date意为“过时”：out of order意为“混乱”；out ofbalance 意为“失衡”。
【备考提示】面对教材里的词组、搭配，我们要注意收集和整理，并尤其要加强新出现
的固定搭配的记忆和分类汇总。
考点四、考察单词基本义的引申和拓展
近年来，常见单词的陌生义项在高考试题中不时出现，给部分考生造成了不小的障碍。
5、To make members of a team perform better,the trainer first of all has to know their _____ and weaknesses．
A．strengths B．benefits C．techniques D．values
【三年高考】 07、08、09 高考试题及其解析
1.（2008天津卷）Most air pollution is caused by the burning of ____ like coal, gas and oil.
A. fuels B. articles C. goods D. products【解析】fuel燃料，题干中coal, gas, oil均为燃料。【答案】A
2. （2008山东）I bought a dress for only 10 dollars in a sale; it was a real______.A. exchange
B. bargain
C. trade D. business
【解析】bargain廉价货。【答案】Ｂ
3. （2008江西卷）—Shall we go out for a walk?
—Sorry. This is not the right ____ to invite me. I am too tired to walk.
A. moment B. situation 【解析】句意为：此刻邀请我不合适。【答案】Ａ
C. place D. chance
4. （2008湖北卷）The young man made a ______ to his parents that he would try to earn his own living after graduation.
A. prediction
B. promise
C. plan D. contribution
【解析】年轻人对父母做出许诺。A意为预测，D意为贡献。【答案】B
5. （2008安徽卷）To save some of the human languages before they are forgotten, the students in our school started a discussion “Save Our ________”
A. Sky B. Life C. Arts D. Voices
【解析】为了拯救那些被遗忘的人类语言，我校同学开展了题为“拯救我们的声音”的大讨论。
【答案】D
6.（09安徽）China has got a good for fighting against the flu with its careful and smooth organization.
A. reputation B. influence C. impression D. knowledge
7.（09湖北卷）Hiking by oneself can be fun and good for health. It may also be good for ______ building.
A. respect B. friendship C. reputation D. character【答案】D.
【解析】考查名词。根据常识便可知运动既可增强体质也可强健个性，不会增强尊敬或名声，友谊可以增强，但与前面health不搭配，故答案为character。
8．（09湖北卷）In our class, when the bell rang and the teacher closed his book, it was a ______ for everyone to stand up.