6¡¢ÕæºËmRNA·Ö×Ó5¨@Ä©¶ËÓÐÒ»¸öPolyA½á¹¹¡£
7¡¢ÈκÎÒ»ÌõDNAƬ¶ÎÖУ¬¼î»ùµÄº¬Á¿¶¼ÊÇA=T£¬C=G¡£
8¡¢ÓÉÓÚRNA²»ÊÇË«Á´£¬Òò´ËËùÓеÄRNA·Ö×ÓÖж¼Ã»ÓÐË«ÂÝÐý½á¹¹¡£
9¡¢ÈôË«Á´DNAÖеÄÒ»ÌõÁ´¼î»ù˳ÐòΪ£ºpCpTpGpGpApC,ÔòÁíÒ»ÌõÁ´µÄ¼î»ù˳ÐòΪ£º pGpApCpCpTpG¡£
10¡¢ÉúÎïÌåÄÚ£¬ÌìÈ»´æÔÚµÄDNA·Ö×Ó¶àΪ¸º³¬ÂÝÐý¡£ 11¡¢ºËËá±äÐÔ»ò½µ½âʱ£¬³öÏÖ¼õɫЧӦ¡£
12¡¢Ë«¹ÉDNA±Èµ¥¹ÉDNA¾ßÓиü´óµÄ×ÏÍâÎüÊÕÄÜÁ¦¡£
ËÄ¡¢Ãû´Ê½âÊÍ
ÔöɫЧӦ¡¢¼õɫЧӦ¡¢ºËËáµÄ±äÐÔ¡¢DNAµÄ¸´ÐÔ¡¢·Ö×ÓÔÓ½»
Îå¡¢ÎÊ´ðÌâ
1¡¢¼òÊöDNAË«ÂÝÐýµÄ½á¹¹Ìص㡣
2¡¢ÓÐÒ»ÊɾúÌåDNA³¤17¦Ìm£¬ÎÊËüº¬ÓжàÉÙ¶Ô¼î»ù£¿ÂÝÐýÊýÊǶàÉÙ£¿ 3¡¢¼òÊöºËËáµÄÖÖÀ࣬ϸ°û¶¨Î»£¬²¢±È½ÏÁ½ÖÖºËËáÔÚ»¯Ñ§×é³ÉÉϵÄÒìͬ¡£ 4¡¢±È½ÏÁ½ÖÖºËËáµÄÒ»¼¶½á¹¹¡£
5¡¢¸ù¾ÝDNA·Ö×ÓÖеÄÒ»ÌõÁ´µÄ¼î»ùÐòÁÐд³öÁíÒ»Ìõ»¥²¹Á´µÄ¼î»ùÐòÁС£ TTGATC¡¢ATGGTA¡¢TCTAAC¡¢TGCGCA
6¡¢Á½ÖÖϸ¾úDNAÑùÆ·£¬ÆäA·Ö±ðÕ¼¼î»ù×ÜÊýµÄ32%ºÍ17%¡£¡£·Ö±ð¼ÆËã¼î»ù×é³É¡£ ÆäÖÐÒ»ÖÖϸ¾úDNAÀ´×ÔÎÂȪΪºÎÖÖ¼î»ù×é³É£¿ÎªÊ²Ã´£¿
7¡¢·ÖÎöDNA±äÐÔÓ븴ÐÔ£¬Í˻𣬷Ö×ÓÔÓ½»Ö®¼äµÄÁªÏµ¡£TmµÄº¬ÒåÊÇʲô£¿ 8¡¢±È½ÏÏÂÁÐÒÑÖªÒ»ÌõÁ´µÄÈý¸öDNAƬ¶ÎµÄTm´óС¡£ CTGCATTGACGACT CCTGGAGAGTCC TTCAAGAGACTT 9¡¢¸ù¾ÝͬԴµ°°×ÖʵÄ֪ʶ£¬ËµÃ÷Ϊʲô±àÂëͬԴµ°°×ÖʵĻùÒò£¨DNAƬ¶Î£©¿ÉÒÔÔÓ½»£¿ 10¡¢£¨1£©ÓÉÁ½Ìõ»¥²¹Á´×é³ÉµÄÒ»¶ÎDNAÓÐÏàͬµÄ¼î»ù×é³ÉÂ𣿣¨2£©£¨A+G£©=£¨C+T£©Âð£¿
11¡¢ËäÈ»´ó¶àÊýRNA·Ö×ÓÊǵ¥¹ÉµÄ£¬µ«ÊÇËüÃǶÔ×÷ÓÃÓÚË«¹ÉRNAµÄºËÌǺËËáøµÄ½µ ½âÒ²ÊÇÃô¸ÐµÄ¡£ÎªÊ²Ã´£¿
12¡¢ÎªÊ²Ã´Ã»ÓÐÒ»ÖÖºËËáÍâÇÐø½µ½âÊɾúÌå¦ÕX174DNA£¿ 13¡¢ÎªÊ²Ã´»·×´Ë«ÂÝÐýDNA±ÈÏßÐÔË«ÂÝÐýDNA¸´ÐÔ¸ü¿ì£¿
14¡¢±È½Ïµ°°×ÖʦÁÂÝÐýÖеÄÇâ¼üºÍDNAË«ÂÝÐýÖеÄÇâ¼ü£¬²¢Ö¸³öÇâ¼üÔÚÎȶ¨ÕâÁ½ÖÖ½á ¹¹ÖÐ µÄ×÷Óá£
15¡¢ÈÜÒºAÖк¬ÓÐŨ¶ÈΪ1MµÄ20¸ö¼î»ù¶ÔµÄDNA·Ö×Ó£¬ÈÜÒºBÖк¬ÓÐ0.05MµÄ400 ¸ö¼î»ù¶ÔµÄDNA·Ö×Ó£¬ËùÒÔÿÖÖÈÜÒºº¬ÓеÄ×ܵĺËÜÕËá²Ð»ùÊýÏàµÈ¡£¼ÙÉèDNA·Ö×Ó¶¼ÓÐÏàͬµÄ¼î»ù×é³É¡£
£¨1£©µ±Á½ÖÖÈÜÒºµÄζȶ¼»ºÂýÉÏÉýʱ£¬ÄĸöÈÜÒºÊ×Ïȵõ½ÍêÈ«±äÐÔµÄDNA£¿ £¨2£©ÄĸöÈÜÒº¸´ÐÔµÄËٶȸü¿ìЩ£¿
9
µÚ¶þÕ¡¶ºËËữѧ¡·²Î¿¼´ð°¸
Ò»¡¢Ñ¡ÔñÌâ
b¡¢d¡¢d¡¢c¡¢c¡¢ d¡¢c¡¢c¡¢d¡¢e¡¢ e¡¢a¡¢c¡¢a
¶þ¡¢Ìî¿ÕÌâ
1¡¢ºËÜÕ 2¡¢3.4¡¢10
3¡¢ÈýÒ¶²ÝÐΡ¢µ¹LÐÎ
4¡¢Çâ¼ü¡¢¼î»ù¶Ñ»ýÁ¦¡¢Àë×Ó¼ü 5¡¢ÎìÌÇ¡¢¼î»ù¡¢Á×Ëá
6¡¢·´ÃÜÂë»·¡¢DHU»·¡¢T¦×C»·¡¢¶îÍâ»·¡¢°±»ùËá±Û 7¡¢ÎìÌÇ¡¢¼î»ù
8¡¢·´Ïò¡¢34?¡¢10¶Ô
9¡¢DNA¡¢RNA¡¢ÍÑÑõºËÌÇ¡¢A¡¢G¡¢C¡¢T¡¢U 10¡¢M7G¡¢polyA
Èý¡¢ÅжÏÌâ
¡Á¡¢¡Á¡¢£«¡¢¡Á¡¢¡Á¡¢ ¡Á¡¢¡Á¡¢¡Á¡¢¡Á¡¢£« ¡Á¡¢¡Á
ËÄ¡¢Ãû´Ê½âÊÍ
DNAµÄÔöɫЧӦ£ºÈçDNAË«ÂÝÐý½á¹¹·¢Éú½âÂÝÐý£¨Èç¸ßΣ©£¬Ê¹·Ö×ÓÖмî»ù¶Ñ»ý³Ì¶ÈϽµ£¬´Ó¶ø·¢Éú×ÏÍâÎü¹âÂÊÔö¼Ó¡£ÕâÖÖÏÖÏó½ÐÔöɫЧӦ¡£
DNAµÄ¼õɫЧӦ£ºÔÚºËËáµÄ×ÏÍâÎüÊÕÌØÕ÷ÉÏ£¬¶ÔÓÚDNA¶øÑÔ£¬DNA·Ö×ÓµÄ×ÏÍâÎü¹âÂÊСÓÚÐγɸÃDNA·Ö×ӵĸ÷µ¥ºËÜÕËáµÄÎü¹âÂÊÖ®ºÍ¡£ÕâÖÖÏÖÏó½Ð¼õɫЧӦ¡£
ºËËáµÄ±äÐÔ£ºÖ¸ºËËáµÄË«ÂÝÐýÇøµÄÇâ¼ü¶ÏÁÑ£¬±ä³Éµ¥Á´£¬²¢²»Éæ¼°¹²¼Û¼üµÄ¶ÏÁÑ£¬·Ö×ÓÁ¿²»±ä£¬Ò»¼¶½á¹¹²»·¢Éú±ä»¯¡£
DNAµÄ¸´ÐÔ£º±äÐÔDNAÔÚÊʵ±Ìõ¼þÏ£¬ÓÖ¿ÉʹÁ½Ìõ±Ë´Ë·Ö¿ªµÄÁ´ÖØе޺ϳÉΪ˫ÂÝÐý£¬Õâ¸ö¹ý³Ì½ÐDNAµÄ¸´ÐÔ¡£
·Ö×ÓÔÓ½»£ºÁ½ÌõÀ´Ô´²»Í¬µ«ÓкËÜÕËụ²¹¹ØϵµÄDNAµ¥Á´·Ö×Ó£¬»òDNAµ¥Á´·Ö×ÓÓëRNA·Ö×Ó£¬ÔÚÈ¥µô±äÐÔÌõ¼þºó»¥²¹µÄÇø¶ÎÄܹ»ÍË»ð¸´ÐÔÐγÉË«Á´DNA·Ö×ÓºÍDNA/RNAÒìÖÊ·Ö×Ó¡£
Îå¡¢ÎÊ´ðÌâ
1¡¢Ë«ÂÝÐýÄ£ÐÍÒªµã
¢Ù Á½Ìõ·´ÏòƽÐеĶàºËÜÕËáÁ´Î§ÈÆͬһÖÐÐÄÖáÏòÓÒÅÌÐýÐγÉÓÒÊÖË«ÂÝÐý£»
¢Ú Ë«ÂÝÐýµÄ¹Ç¼ÜÊÇÓÉÁ×ËáºÍÍÑÑõºËÌÇ×é³É£¬Î»ÓÚÍâ²à£¬¼î»ùλÓÚÂÝÐýÄڲ࣬Åä¶ÔƽÐУ¬
10
ÓëÖá´¹Ö±£»
¢Û Ë«ÂÝÐýƽ¾ùÖ±¾¶Îª20?£¬ÂݾàΪ34?£¬ÂÝÐýÒ»ÖÜ°üº¬10¸ö¼î»ù¶Ô£¬ÏàÁÚ¼î»ù¾àÀëΪ3.4?£¬Ö®¼äÐýת½Ç¶ÈΪ36o£»
¢Ü Ë«ÂÝÐý½á¹¹ÉÏÓÐÁ½ÌõÂÝÐΰ¼²Û£¬´ó¹µºÍС¹µ£¬¶ÔÓÚDNAÓëPro½áºÏʱµÄÏ໥ʶ±ðºÜÖØÒª£¬ÀûÓÚÒÅ´«ÐÅÏ¢µÄ´«µÝÓë±í´ï¡£
¢Ý ¼î»ù°´»¥²¹Åä¶ÔÔÔò½øÐÐÅä¶Ô£¬AÓëTÅä¶Ô£¬Ö®¼äÐγÉÁ½¸öÇâ¼ü£¬CÓëGÅä¶Ô£¬Ö® ¼äÐγÉÈý¸öÇâ¼ü¡£
2¡¢ÒòΪ17¦Ìm=17000nm
ËùÒԴ˺ËËá·Ö×ӵļî»ù¶ÔÊý£º17000/0.34=5¡Á10000¶Ô
ÂÝÐýÊý£º5¡Á10000/10=5000Ȧ
3¡¢ 4 ¡¢ÂÔ
5¡¢GATCAA TACCAT GTTAGA TGCGCA
6¡¢DNA£¨AÕ¼32%£©£ºT£º32% G£º18% C£º18% DNA£¨AÕ¼17%£©£ºT£º17% G£º33% C£º33% À´×ÔÎÂȪµÄϸ¾úDNAµÄ¼î»ù×é³ÉΪµÚ¶þÖÖ£¨G=C=33%£©£¬ÒòΪG£¬Cº¬Á¿¸ß£¬TmÖµ¸ß£¬ÕâÖÖϸ¾úÄÜÔÚÎÂȪÉú´æ¡£
7¡¢¶¼ÊÇÖ¸DNAµ¥Á´·Ö×Ó£¬»òDNAµ¥Á´·Ö×ÓÓëRNA·Ö×Ó£¬ÔÚÒ»¶¨Ìõ¼þÏÂÐγÉË«Á´DNA·Ö×ÓºÍDNA/RNAÒìÖÊ·Ö×Ó¡£
½âÁ´Î¶ÈTm£ºÍ¨³£°ÑDNAµÄ±äÐÔ´ïµ½50%£¬¼´ÔöɫЧӦ´ïµ½Ò»°ëʱµÄζȳÆΪ¸ÃDNAµÄ½âÁ´Î¶ȡ£
8¡¢7/14=1/2=3/6 8/12=2/3=4/6 4/12=1/3=2/6 µÚ¶þ¸öDNAƬ¶ÎµÄTmÖµ´óЩ¡£
9¡¢Í¬Ô´µ°°×ÖÊÊÇÖ¸À´Ô´²»Í¬µÄͬһÖÖµ°°×ÖÊ£¬ËûÃǾßÓлù±¾ÏàͬµÄ°±»ùËáÐòÁУ¬ËùÒÔËüÃǵĻùÒò¾ßÓÐÏàͬµÄºËÜÕËáÐòÁС£µ±½«´øÓÐͬԴµ°°×ÖÊ»ùÒòµÄDNAƬ¶Î£¬½øÐÐÔÓ½»Ê±£¬ÐγÉÔÓ½»·Ö×ӵĻú»á¾Í±È½Ï¶à¡£
10¡¢£¨1£©DNA»¥²¹Á´µÄ¼î»ù×é³Éͨ³£ÊǺܲ»ÏàͬµÄ¡£ÀýÈ磬Èç¹ûÒ»ÌõÁ´ÊÇÓÉpoly£¨dA£©×é³É£¨100%A£©£¬ÄÇôÁíÒ»ÌõÁ´±ØÐëÊÇpoly£¨dT£©×é³É£¨100%T£©¡£µ«ÊÇ£¬ÓÉÓÚÁ½ÌõÁ´ÊÇ»¥²¹µÄ£¬¶ÔÿһÌõÁ´À´Ëµ£¬£¨A+T£©µÄÁ¿±Ø¶¨ÊÇÏàµÈµÄ£¬£¨G+C£©µÄÁ¿Ò²±Ø¶¨ÊÇÏàµÈµÄ¡£
£¨2£©£¨A+G£©=£¨C+T£©¡£»¥²¹ÐÔ±íÃ÷£¬Ò»ÌõÁ´ÉϵÄàÑßʼî»ùÊý£¨A»òÕßG£©±ØÐëÓ뻥²¹Á´ÉϵÄà×़î»ù£¨T»òÕßC£©ÊýÏàµÈ¡£
11¡¢ËäÈ»´ó¶àÊýRNA·Ö×ÓÊǵ¥¹ÉµÄ£¬µ«ËüÃÇ¿Éͨ¹ý×ÔÉíµÄ»ØÕÛ£¬ÔÚÄÇЩ¿ÉÒÔÐγÉÇâ¼üµÄ²¿Î»Ðγɾֲ¿µÄË«ÂÝÐýÇø¡£ÔÚÕâÖÖË«ÂÝÐýÇøÄÚ£¬¼î»ùÅä¶ÔµÄ¹æÔòÊÇAÓëU¡¢GÓëC¡£ÓÉÓÚ´æÔÚ¾Ö²¿µÄË«ÂÝÐý½á¹¹£¬Òò´Ë£¬¶ÔרһÓÚË«¹ÉµÄºËÌǺËËáøµÄ½µ½âÊÇÃô¸ÐµÄ¡£
12¡¢ÒòΪºËËáÍâÇÐøÐèÒª×÷Ϊµ×ÎïµÄDNA»òRNA¾ßÓÐÓÎÀëµÄ3'Ä©¶ËºÍ5'Ä©¶Ë£¬¶ø¦Õ
11
X174DNAÊǵ¥¹É»·×´·Ö×Ó£¬Ã»ÓÐÓÎÀëµÄ3'Ä©¶ËºÍ5'Ä©¶Ë¡£
13¡¢µ±±äÐÔʱ£¬»·×´DNAµÄ×é³Éµ¥Á´ÈÔÁ¬½ÓÔÚÒ»Æ𣨼ٶ¨Ã»ÓÐÁ´¶ÏÁÑ£©£¬ÔÚ¸´ÐÔÖУ¬ËüÃÇÄܹ»±Ë´ËÈÝÒ×ÕÒµ½»¥²¹Á´£»¶øÍêÈ«·Ö¿ªµÄÏßÐÔµ¥Á´ÔòÒª¿¿ËüÃÇËæ»úÅöײ²ÅÄÜÕÒµ½»¥²¹Á´¡£Òò´Ë£¬Ç°Õ߱ȺóÕ߸´ÐÔ¿ì¡£
14¡¢ÔÚ?ÂÝÐýÖУ¬Ò»¸ö²Ð»ùÉϵÄôÈ»ùÑõÓëÐýתһȦºóµÄµÚËĸö²Ð»ùÉϵÄ?°±»ùÖеĵªÐÎ ³ÉÇâ¼ü£¬ÔڹǼÜÔ×Ó¼äÐγɵÄÇâ¼ü´ÖÂÔµØƽÐÐÓÚ¸ÃÂÝÐýµÄÖᣬ´Ó¹Ç¼ÜÏòÍâÉì³öµÄ°±»ùËá²àÁ´²»²ÎÓëÂÝÐýÄÚµÄÇâ¼üÖ®Ðγɣ¬ÔÚË«Á´DNAÖÐÌÇ-Á×Ëá¹Ç¼Ü²»ÐγÉÇâ¼ü£¬Ïà·´ÔÚÏà¶ÔµÄÁ½ÌõÁ´Öл¥²¹µÄ¼î»ùÖ®¼ä´ÖÂԵش¹Ö±ÓÚÓÚÂÝÐýÖáÐĵķ½ÏòÉÏÐγÉ2¸ö»ò3¸öÇâ¼ü¡£
ÔÚ?ÂÝÐýÖУ¬µ¥¶ÀµÄÇâ¼üÊǺÜÈõµÄ£¬µ«ÊÇÕâЩ¼üµÄºÏÁ¦Îȶ¨Á˸ÃÂÝÐý½á¹¹¡£ÓÈÆäÊÇÔÚÒ»¸öµ°°×ÖʵÄÊèË®ÐÔµÄÄÚ²¿£¬ÕâÀïË®²»ÄܲÎÓ뾺ÕùÐγÉÇâ¼ü£¬Çé¿ö¸üÊÇÈç´Ë¡£ÔÚDNAÖÐÇâ¼üµÄÖ÷Òª×÷ÓÃÊÇʹÿһÌõÁ´×÷ΪÁíÒ»ÌõÁ´µÄÄ£°å£¬¾¡¹Ü»¥²¹¼î»ùÖ®¼äµÄÇâ¼ü°ïÖúÎȶ¨ÕâÒ»ÂÝÐý½á¹¹£¬ÔÚÊèË®µÄÄÚ²¿¼î»ù¶ÔÖ®¼äµÄ¶Ñ»ý¶ÔÂÝÐý½á¹¹µÄÎȶ¨ÐÔ×÷³ö¸ü´óµÄ¹±Ïס£
15¡¢£¨1£©ÈÜÒºAÖеÄDNA½«Ê×Ïȱ»ÍêÈ«±äÐÔ£¬ÒòΪÔÚ20¸ö¼î»ù¶ÔÂÝÐýÖеĶѻý×÷Óà Á¦±ÈÔÚ400¸ö¼î»ù¶ÔÂÝÐýÖеÄÁ¦Ð¡ºÜ¶à£¬ÔÚDNAË«Á´µÄÄ©¶ËµÄDNAµÄ¼î»ù¶ÔÖ»ÊDz¿·Ö¶Ñ»ý¡£ÔÚƬ¶Î¶ÌµÄ·Ö×ÓÖÐÕâÖÖ¡°Ä©¶ËЧӦ¡±¸ü´ó¡£
£¨2£©ÔÚÈÜÒºAÖи´ÐÔµÄËÙÂʸü´ó¡£³ÉºË×÷Ó㨵ÚÒ»¸ö¼î»ù¶ÔµÄÐγɣ©ÊÇÒ»¸öÏÞËÙ²½Ö裬 µ¥Á´·Ö×ÓµÄÊýÄ¿Ô½´ó£¬ÖØÐÂÐγɼî»ù¶ÔµÄ»úÂʾÍÔ½´ó£¬Òò¶øÔÚÈÜÒºAÖеÄDNA£¨º¬ÓÐ2Mµ¥Á´DNA£©½«±ÈÈÜÒºBÖеÄDNA£¨º¬ÓÐ0.1Mµ¥Á´DNA£©¸ü¿ìµØ¸´ÐÔ¡£
12