如果你没考好，她会失望。 练习：

If he runs, he will get （get）there in time. 如果他跑得快，他就会及时赶到那儿。

The cat will scratch (scratch) you if you pull its tail. 如果你拉猫的尾巴，它就会抓你。

第四十三讲 假设（2）与现在事实相反的虚拟语气

1、if从句是一种虚拟的条件或假设，与现在事实相反。主从句时态具体如下：

从句：动词用过去式（be用were）

主句：would/could/should/might+动词原形

If I were you,I would join them. 与现在事实相反：“我不可能是你”

She would come with you if you invited her. 与现在事实相反：说明 “没有邀请”已经发生。 虚拟语气：是在事实发生后，做出的与事实相反的假设。 She will come with you if you invite her. 单纯假设：说明“邀请”还未发生

2、练习：

If I knew (know) his telephone number, I would tell (tell) you.

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If I had (have) any money with me, I would lend (lend) you some.

If I were (be) you, I would take(take) an umbrella.

第四十四讲 假设（3）与过去事实相反的虚拟语气 1、if从句是一种虚拟的条件或假设，和过去事实相反。 主从句的时态具体如下： 从句：had done

主句：would/could/should/might+ have done

If I had got there earlier, I should have met her.

If he had taken my advice, he would not have made such a mistake.

2、练习：

If he had studied (study) harder, he might have passed the exam.

If there had been (be) a heavy snow, we should not have gone (not go)skating.

If I had got (get) there earlier, I would have met (meet) her.

第四十五讲 假设（4）

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wish（愿望、希望）/as if（看上去） +过去时/过去完成时/ would/should/could+动词原形

1、wish后面的从句，译为：“希望……就好了”，是不可能实现的假设。

a.与现在事实相反的愿望 I wish I were as tall as you.

I wish+一般过去时

现在许的愿，且与现在的事实相反（事实已发生） b.与过去事实相反的愿望

He wished he hadn’t said that.

I wished+过去完成时

过去许的愿，且与过去的事实相反（事实已发生） c.将来不大可能实现的愿望 I wish it would rain tomorrow.

I wish+ would/should/could+动词原形 现在许的愿，且将来不大可能实现（事实尚未发生）

小结：wish后面的从句：与现在事实相反则用一般过去时，与过去事实相反则用过去完成时，将来不大可能实现的愿望则用“would/should/could+动词原形”。wish主句则根据许愿的时间分别用一般现在时或一般过去时。

2、as if，翻译为“看起来好像……” a.从句表示与现在事实相反，用一般过去时

You look as if you didn’t care. 你看起来一点也不在乎。（实际在乎的）

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b.从句表示与过去事实相反，用过去完成时

He talks about Rome as if he had been there before. 他谈论罗马好像他以前去过。（实际没去过）

c.从句表示将来不大可能发生，用“would/should/could+动词原形”

He opened his mouth as if he would say something. 他张开嘴好像要说点什么（说的可能性很小）

3、练习：

I wish I were (be) as tall as you.

He talks as if he knew (know) where she was. I wish it would rain (rain) tomorrow.

第四十六讲 定语从句（关系代词）which,that,who,whom,whose

定语从句：修饰或限定一个名词或代词的从句，被修饰的名词叫先行词。定语从句由关系词（关系代词或关系副词）引出。

1、关系代词：在从句中做一定的成分，代替先行词，起到连接先行词和从句的作用。

常用关系代词：which,that,who,whom,whose，只起连接作用，无实义，不用翻译。

如：The girl whom/that I spoke to is my cousin.

a.先行词是人的话用that,who,whom,whose来引导定语从句。 “whom”在从句中作宾语

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