初中英语（新课标版）中考总复习冲刺材料
初中英语·新课标版·中考复习·知识总结·重点提要·专题整合·课题专练·名师讲解 【初中英语词组总结】 1 (see 、hear 、notice 、find 、feel 、listen to 、 look at (感官动词)+do eg:I like watching monkeys jump
2 （比较级 and 比较级） 表示越来越怎么样 3 a piece of cake =easy 小菜一碟（容易） 4 agree with sb 赞成某人
5 all kinds of 各种各样a kind of 一样
6 all over the world = the whole world整个 世界
7 along with同??一道，伴随?? eg : I will go along with you我将和你一起去 the students planted trees along with their teachers 学生同老师们一起种树 8 As soon as一怎么样就怎么样 9 as you can see 你是知道的
10 ask for ??求助 向?要?（直接接想要的东西） eg : ask you for my book 11 ask sb for sth向某人什么
12 ask sb to do sth 询问某人某事 ask sb not to do 叫某人不要做某事 13 at the age of 在??岁时eg：I am sixteenI am at the age of sixteen 14 at the beginning of ?? ??的起初；??的开始
15 at the end of +地点/+时间最后；尽头；末尾eg : At the end of the day 16 at this time of year在每年的这个时候
17 be /feel confident of sth /that clause +从句感觉/对什么有信心，自信
eg : I am / feel confident of my spoken EnglishI feel that I can pass the test 18 be + doing 表：1 现在进行时 2 将来时
19 be able to (+ v 原) = can (+ v 原） 能够?? eg : She is able to singShe can sing
20 be able to do sth 能够干什么eg :she is able to sing
21 be afraid to do (of sth恐惧，害怕?? eg : I'm afraed to go out at night I'm afraid of dog
22 be allowed to do 被允许做什么
eg: I'mallowed to watchTV 我被允许看电视 Ishouldbe allowed to watch TV 我应该被允许看电视
23 be angry with sb 生某人的气eg : Don't be angry with me 24 be angry with(at) sb for doing sth为什么而生某人的气
25 be as?原级?as 和什么一样eg : She is as tall as me 她和我一样高 26 be ashamed to 27 be away from远离
28 be away from 从??离开
29 be bad for 对什么有害 eg : Reading books in the sun is bad for your eyes 在太阳下看书对你的眼睛不好 30 be born 出生于
31 be busy doing sth 忙于做什么事be busy with sth忙于?? 32 be careful 当心；小心
33 be different from?? 和什么不一样
34 be famous for 以??著名
35 be friendly to sb对某人友好
36 be from = come from 来自 eg ：He is from Bejing He comes from Bejing Is he from Bejing ? Does he come from Bejing ? 37 be full of 装满??的be filled with 充满 eg: the glass is full of waterthe glass is filled with water 38 be glad+to+do/从句
39 be going to + v(原）将来时
40 be good at(+doing) = do well in 在某方面善长, 善于??
41 be good for 对什么有好处 eg : Reading aloud is good for your English 42 be happy to do很高兴做某事 43 be helpful to sb 对某人有好处
eg : Reading aloud is helpful to you 大声朗读对你有好处 Exercising is helpful to your bady 锻炼对你的身体有好处
44 be in good health身体健康
45 be in trouble处于困难中 eg : She is in troubleThey are in tronble 46 be interested in对某方面感兴趣
47 be late for = come late to 迟到eg: Be late for class上课迟到 48 be like 像??eg : I'm like my mother
49 be mad at 生某人的气
50 be made from 由??制成(制成以后看不见原材料) 51 be made of 由??制成(制成以后还看得见原材料) 52 be not sure 表不确定 53 be on a visit to 参观
54 be popular with sb受某人欢迎
55 be quiet 安静 56 be short for 表**的缩写eg: 陶 is short for 陶俊杰 57 be sick in bed 生病在床
58 be sorry to do sth be sorry for sbeg : I am sorry for you 59 be sorry to hear that
60 be sorry to trouble sbeg : I am sorry to trouble you
61 be strict in doing sth 严于做某事eg : He's strict in obeying noles 62 be strict with sb对某人要求严格eg: Some students are not strict with them selves 这些学生对自己不严格
63 be strict with sb in sth某方面对某人严格 64 be supposed to do被要求干什么 65 be sure 表确定
66 be sure of doing sth 对做某事有信心 eg: He is sure of winningI am sure of learning English well
67 be sure of sth 对做某事有信心eg: I'm sure of my head (my teacher我相信我的大脑（老师）
68 be sure that sth 对做某事有信心eg: I'm suer that he can pass the test我相信他能通过考试
69 be sure to do sth一定会做某事eg: We are sure to pass the test 我们一定会通过这次考试 We are sure to learn English well 我们一定能学好英语
70 be terrified of + 名/动doing害怕??
71 be terrified to do sth 害怕做某事 72 be the same as ?和什么一样
73 be used to doing sth 习惯做某事
eg: My father is used to getting up early我爸爸习惯早He is used to sleeping in class 他习惯上课睡觉
74 be worth doing 值得做什么
75 be(feel) afraid to do sth 害怕做某事be afraid of sth 害怕某物 be afraid that 丛句
76 because+句子because of +短语
eg : He was late because he had a headache He was late because of his headache 77 begin to do = start to do 开始做某事 start?with?=begin?with? 以什么开始什么
eg : Let's begin the game with the song I begin to go home
78 between?and? 两者之间
79 borrow sth from sb 向??借??lend sth to sb ( lend sb sth借给??什么东西 eg : I borrowed a pen from himhe lent a pen to me ( he lent me a pen 80 both = the same(as) = not different(from) 表相同 81 bother 打扰bother sb to do sth
eg : I'm sorry to bother you ,but can you tell me to way to the station 我十分道歉打扰你，但是你能告诉我怎么去车站
the problem has been bothering me for weeks 这个问题困扰了我几个周了 He's bothering me to lend him money 82 by the end of到??为止
83 call sb sth eg : We call him old wang
84 care 关心 eg : Don't you care about this country's future ?你为什么不关心国家的未来
85 catch up with sb 赶上某人
86 chat with sb 和某人闲谈 take sb to + 地点带某人去某地 87 come in 进
88 come over to过来
89 come up with 提出eg: Can you come up with a good idea 你能想出一个好办法吗？ 90 communicate with sb 和某人交流
91 consider + doing 考虑做什么 eg : Why not consider going to lu zhou 为什么不考虑去泸州？
92 dance to 随着??跳舞 eg : She likes dancing to the music 她喜欢随着音乐跳舞 93 decide to do sth 决定做某事 94 do a survey of做某方面的调查 95 do better in在??方面做得更好 96 do wrong 做错
97 Don't forget to do sth 不要忘了做某事
98 Don't mind +doing /从句 /名词不要介意?? 99 each +名（单）每一个?eg : Each student has many books 每一个学生都有一些书 100 end up +doing
101 enjoy +doing喜欢
102 escape from 从??逃跑eg: The prisoners have escaped from the prison犯人从监狱里逃跑出来
103 expect to do sth 期待做某事
104 fall down 摔下来 fall off 从哪摔下来
105 fall in love with sb /sth爱上什么
106 far from 离某地远eg : The school is far from my home
107 find +it +adj +to do 发现做某事怎么样
108 find sb/sth +adj 发现什么怎么样 eg : I find the book interesting 109 finish 完成+doing（名词）
110 fit to sb = be fit for sb 适合某人
111 forget to do 没有做而忘了 forget doing 做了而又忘了eg: Don't forget to go home I forget closing door
112 from?to? 从某某到某某eg: From me for her
113 get /have sth down 做完，被（别人）做?eg: I have my hair cut 我理了发(头发被剪了）
Tom got his bad tooth pulled out 汤母把他的坏牙拔掉了（被牙医拔掉了） 114 get a part-time job= find a part-time job
115 get along well with sb = get on well with sb与某人相处得好
116 get along with sb = get on with sb 与某人相处
117 get ready for = be ready for为什么而准备eg : I get ready for math I am ready for math 118 get sb in to trouble给某人麻 119 get sb to do sth
120 get?from? 从某处得到某物
121 give a talk 做报告 eg: He is give a tall 122 give sth to sbgive sb sth给某人某物 123 go fish 钓鱼go swimming 游泳
124 go on to do 去做下一件事go on doing 继续做这件事 125 go out away from go out of
126 go to school 上学（用于专业的）go to the school 去学校（不一定是上学） 127 good way to 好方法
128 hate to do 讨厌没做过的事 hate doing讨厌做过的事 129 have a party for sb举办谁的晚会 130 have a talk听报告谈一谈
131 have been doing 现在完成进行时 eg : You have been talkingYou have been sleeping since
132 have been to ?( 地方）??去过某过地方 have gone to ?（地方） 去了某地还没回来
133 have fun +doing 玩得高兴
134 have sth to do 有什么事要做
eg: I have a lot of homework to do 我有很多家庭作业要做 I have nothing to do 我没什么事情做
135 have to do sth必须做某事
136 have trouble (problem) (in) doing sth 做什么事情有麻烦
137 have?time +doing
138 have?(时间)?off放??假eg: I have month off 我请一个月得假 139 hear sb +do/doing 听见某人做某事/正在做某事 140 help a lot很大用处
141 help sb with sth \\one's sth 帮助某人某事（某方面） help sb (to) do sth 帮助某人做某事
142 hope to do sth希望做某事
143 How about(+doing) = What about(+doing)
144 how do you like = what do you think of 你对什么的看法 145 if : 是否＝wether
eg: I don't know if (wether) I should go to the party 我不知道我是否应该去参加晚会
He don't know if (wether) we will arrive on time tomorrow morning 他不知道我们明天早上是否能准时到达
146 if :如果，假如（全部接一般时态）＋条件语态从句
eg: I'll go to LuZhou if it does't rain 假如明天不下雨，我就去泸州
If they change the plan they will let me know 假如他们要改变计划，他们会让我知道的
I'll go to England ,if I have enough money next year 如果我明年由足够的钱，我就要去英国
147 in one's opinion = sb think 某人认为
148 in some ways在某些方面
149 in the end = finally(adv)最后
150 in the north of? 什么在什么的北方（north 北 sowth 南west 西east 东 ） 151 in the sun 在太阳下
152 increase 增加
eg : They've increased the prece of petrol by 3%他们把石油价增加了3%
the population has increased from 12 million ten years ago to 18 million now 153 instead of +（名 ） 代替
eg: I'd like an apple instead of a pear 我想要苹果，而不要梨子 I like English instead of math我喜欢英语而不喜欢数学
154 introduce sb to sb 介绍某人给某人introduce oneself 自我介绍 155 invite sb to do sth 邀请某人做某事
156 It takes sb sometime to do sth做某人花掉某人多少时间
eg : It took me 5 minutes to do my homework It takes me half an hour to cook 157 It's +adj +for sb to do sth对某人来说做某事怎么样 158 It's +adj +to do 做某事怎么样
159 It's +adj for sb对于某人来说怎么样It's +adj of sb对某人来说太怎么样
160 It's +adj(for sb) to do（对某人来说） 做某事怎么样 It's +adj of sb to do sth 对某人来说做某事太怎么样
eg : It's nice of you to help me with my English
161 It's a good idea for sb to do sth 对?? 来说是个好主意
162 It's important to sb 对某人来说很重要eg: It's important to me 163 It's time to do sth It's time for sth到了该去做某事的时间
eg : It's time to have class It's time for class该去上课了 164 join = take part in参加 165 just now 刚才
166 keep +sb /sth +adj /介词短语 让什么保持什么样？ 167 keep out不让 ?? 进入
168 keep sb adj 让??保持?? eg: I want to keep my mother happykeep healthy 保持健康
169 key to +名词表示：某物的钥匙或某题的答案 170 key to? anser to ?key可以是答题或钥匙
171 laugh at? 取笑??eg : Don't langh at others We langhed at the joke 172 learn by oneslfe 自学
173 learn from sb 向某人学习 eg: We should learn from Lei Feng 174 learn to do sth学做某事 175 let sb do sth 让某人做某事
176 Let sb down 让某人失望 eg ： We shouldn't let our farents down 我们不应该让我们的父母失望
177 live from :离某地远
178 live in +大地方 /at +小地方居住在某地eg: I live in LuZhouShe lives at XuanTan 179 look after = take care of照顾 照看
180 lose one's way 谁 迷 路 eg : Lose your way你迷路 181 make a decision to do sth 决定做某事
182 make friends with sb和谁成为朋友eg : I want to make friends with you 183 make it early 把时间定的早一点
184 make on exhibition of oneself 让某人出洋相
185 make sb /n +n 使什么成为什么eg : I made her my step mollerI made you my wife 186 make sb /sth +adj使某人（某物）怎么样eg : You must made your bed clean 187 make sb /sth adj使某人/某物怎么样
188 make sb do sth 让某人做某事 eg : I made him write 我以前让他写 189 make upbe made up of (被动语态）由??组成 190 make?difference to?
191 mind sb to do mind one's doing 介意??做什么 192 most +名most of +代 193 much too +形容词 194 must be 一定
195 need +名词
196 need sb do sth 需要某人做某事
197 need to do (实义动词）need do (情态动词） 198 no /neithr of hate to do no /neithr of hate doing 199 no +名词
200 not anymore = no more再也不??eg: He didn't cry any more He cried no more他再也不哭
201 not? (形 、副）at alleg: He's not tall at allshe doesn't junp far at all 202 not?at all 一点都不 203 not?either表否定，也不 eg : I don't japanse eitherI don't have sister, either
我也没有姐姐
204 not?until 直到??才??
eg: I didn't sleep until my mother came backThe child didn't stop crying until I give her sugar
205 offer / provide sb with sth 给某人提供
206 offer sb sth ( offer sth to sb提供什么东西给某人 eg : I offer you water (I offer water to you我给你提供水
207 on one's way to? 在谁去那的路上
208 on the one hand一方面 on the other hand另一方面 209 on the phone = over the phone用电话交谈 210 on time 准时in time 及时
211 one day ＝some day ＝someday一天，有一天 212 one of +可数名词的复数形式 213 one to another 一个到另一个
214 over and over agin一遍又一遍的eg : He cleaned the floor over and over agin 215 part-time job兼职工作 fall-time job 全职工作 216 pay for? 付??钱pay the bill 开钱 ，付钱 217 please +do
218 please help yourself 219 pleased with sb
220 pool into = pore into
221 practice +doing 练习做某事
222 prefer sth to sth 相对??更喜欢?? eg : I prefer physics to chemisty 在物理和化学中，我更喜欢物理 prefer doing to sth 更喜欢去做?不愿意去做? eg: He prefers riding a bike to diving 他更喜欢骑自行车，不开小车
prefer to do sth rather than do sth 宁愿做?也不愿
eg: My unde prefers to buy a now car rather than repaiv the used one 我叔叔更喜欢买新的车，也不去修旧车
prefer sb not to do sth 更愿意?eg: I prefer her not to come 我不喜欢她不来 223 pretend to do sth 装着去做什么 pretend that 从句
eg : The two cheats pretended to be working very hard 这两个骗子装着努力工作 He pretended that he did not know the answer 他装着不知道答案 224 rather?than 宁可??也不??
eg : I would rather be a doctor than a teacher 我愿肯当医生，也不当老师 He likes dogs rather than cats 他喜欢狗，不喜欢猫 225 regard?as把??当作??
eg: Please give my best regards to your family请带我向你的家人我最好的问候 I regard you as my friend我把你当作我的朋友
He shows little regard for others他不爱关心别人
226 remid sb about sth 提醒某人什么事remid sb to do sth 提醒某人做某事 eg : he remids me about cooking (he remids me to cook他提醒我做饭 227 remid sb of sth 使某人想起什么
eg : the pictures remind me of my school days 这照片使我想起了我的学校
the words that (which) the teacher talke to remind me of my mother 228 return sth to sb 还什么东西给某人 229 say to oneself对自己说 230 say to sb 对某人说
231 sb spend somemoney on sth 花了多少钱在某事上 232 sb spend sometime with sb花了多少时间陪谁
233 sb spend sometime(in) doing sth花了多少时间做某事 234 sb with sb +is sb and sb +are
235 see sb do看见某人做过某事 see sb doing看见某人正在做某事
236 seem to do/be +adj 显得怎么样eg : You seem to be tired You seem to be happy 237 send +sb sth送给某人某物 238 send?to?把什么寄到哪里去？
239 shock 使??震惊 eg : Oh , It's only you ! You give me a shock 啊，是你呀！吓我一跳
240 show sb sth 向某人展示某物 eg : I show her the book.
241 show sb sth = show sth to sb 拿什么东西给某人看 eg: Show me your pen Show your pen to me
242 show sth to sb 向某人展示某物eg : I show the book to her. 243 some?others?一些??另一些??
244 start?with? 从??开始begin?with? 从??开始 245 stay away from 远离??
eg : We're told to stay away from the animals whe visiting the zoo 当我们参观zoo 时，我们要远离动物
If you want to lose weight you'd better stay auay from the sweet food 徒工你想减肥，你最好远离甜食
246 stop doing 停下正在做的事
247 stop sb from doing sth 阻止某人做某事 248 stop sb(from) doing阻止某人做某事 249 stop to do 停下正在做的事去做下一件事 250 such +名 这样 ，这种
251 suit sb 适合某人
252 surprise sb使某人惊奇to one's surprise 令某人惊奇 253 take classes 上课
254 take sb to 把某人带去eg : I take you to the hospital
255 take walks = take a walk ＝ go for a walk 散步
256 ①talk to 对谁说 eg : I talk to you② talk with 和谁说 eg : I talk with him ③ talk of谈到eg : we talked of you④ talk about 谈论关于?? 257 talk with sb 和某人说话 258 teach sb sth教某人做某事
259 tell sb do sth 告诉某人做某事
260 tell sb sthtell sb that 丛句 tell sb not to do sthtell a story
261 tell sb sth 告诉某人某事
262 tell sb to do sth告诉某人做什么 tell sb not to do sth告诉某人不要做什么 263 tell?from?
264 thank you for +doing
265 the same +名词(doing)+as??
266 the same?(名)?as as?(adj adv)?as 相同
267 the way to do sth ＝ the way of doing st做某方面 的方法the way to +地方 去哪的路
e g :Do you know the way to learn English Do you know the way of learning English 268 the way to?（地点） 到哪的
269 too?to? 太怎样而不能??adj +enough to 足够?能? so?that +丛句
eg: He is too young to go to school = He is so young that he can't go to school He is old enough to go to school ＝ He is so old that he can go to school 270 transalte ??into?? 把什么翻译成什么 eg : Trasalte English into chinese 271 travel with sb和某人去旅游
272 try one's best to do sth尽某人最大的努力去做某事eg: I will try my best to learn English well
273 try to do sth 想干什么，但没成功try doing sth 想干什么，已经做过了
eg ：He tried to climb 他想爬上去，但没成功He tried climbing 他想爬上去，已经做过了
274 try?试衣服 have a try试一下 275 turn down 开小 ←→ turn up 开大
276 turn off 关上 ←→ turn on 打开 open 拆开 277 upside down 倒着 278 visit to? 参观某个地方 279 wait for sb等某人 【初中英语语法总结】
【1 一般现在时的用法 】
1） 经常性或习惯性的动作，常与表示频腮度的时间状语连用。时间状语： every?, sometimes, at?, on Sunday。例如：
I leave home for school at 7 every morning. 每天早上我七点离开家。 2） 客观真理，客观存在，科学事实。例如：
The earth moves around the sun. 地球绕太阳转动。 Shanghai lies in the east of China. 上海位于中国东部。 3） 表示格言或警句。例如：
Pride goes before a fall. 骄者必败。
注意：此用法如果出现在宾语从句中，即使主句是过去时，从句谓语也要用一般现在时。 例：Columbus proved that the earth is round. 哥伦布证实了地球是圆的。 4） 现在时刻的状态、能力、性格、个性。例如： I don't want so much. 我不要那么多。
Ann writes good English but does not speak well. 安英语写得不错，讲的可不行。 比较：Now I put the sugar in the cup. 把糖放入杯子。
I am doing my homework now. 我正在做功课。
第一句用一般现在时，用于操作演示或指导说明的示范性动作，表示言行的瞬间动作。第二句中的now是进行时的标志，表示正在进行的动作的客观状况，所以后句用一般现在时。 【2 一般过去时的用法 】
1）在确定的过去时间里所发生的动作或存在的状态。例如：时间状语有：
yesterday, last week, an hour ago, the other day, in 1982等。例如：
Where did you go just now? 刚才你上哪儿去了？
2）表示在过去一段时间内，经常性或习惯性的动作。例如：
When I was a child, I often played football in the street. 我是个孩子的时候，常在马路上踢足球。
Whenever the Browns went during their visit, they were given a warm welcome. 那时，布朗一家无论什么时候去，都受到热烈欢迎。
3）句型：It is time for sb. to do sth \到??时间了\该??了\。例如：It is time for you to go to bed. 你该睡觉了。
It is time that sb. did sth. \时间已迟了\早该??了\，例如It is time you went to bed. 你早该睡觉了。
would （had） rather sb. did sth. 表示'宁愿某人做某事'。例如：
I'd rather you came tomorrow.还是明天来吧。
4） wish, wonder, think, hope 等用过去时，作试探性的询问、请求、建议等，而一般过去时表示的动作或状态都已成为过去，现已不复存在。例如：I thought you might have some. 我以为你想要一些。
比较：Christine was an invalid all her life.（含义：她已不在人间。） Christine has been an invalid all her life.（含义：她现在还活着）
Mrs. Darby lived in Kentucky for seven years. （含义：达比太太已不再住在肯塔基州。）
Mrs. Darby has lived in Kentucky for seven years. （含义：现在还住在肯塔基州，有可能指刚离去）
注意： 用过去时表示现在，表示委婉语气。
1）动词want, hope, wonder, think, intend 等。例如： Did you want anything else? 您还要些什么吗？ I wondered if you could help me. 能不能帮我一下。 2）情态动词 could, would。例如：
Could you lend me your bike? 你的自行车，能借用一些吗？ 【3 used to / be used to 】
used to + do：\过去常常\表示过去习惯性的动作或状态，但如今已不存在。例如： Mother used not to be so forgetful. 老妈过去没那么健忘。 Scarf used to take a walk. 斯卡夫过去常常散步。
be used to + doing： 对??已感到习惯，或\习惯于\，to是介词，后需加名词或动名词。例如：He is used to a vegetarian diet.
Scarf is used to taking a walk. 斯卡夫现在已习惯于散步了。 典型例题
---- Your phone number again? I ___ quite catch it. ---- It's 69568442.
A. didn't B. couldn't C. don't D. can't
答案A. 本句虽没有明确的时间状语，但从语意上看出，在听的时候没有听懂这个动作发生在过去，因此应用过去时。
【4 一般将来时】
1） shall用于第一人称，常被will 所代替。will 在陈述句中用于各人称，在征求意见时常用于第二人称。例如：Which paragraph shall I read first？ 我先读哪一段呢？
Will you be at home at seven this evening? 今晚七点回家好吗？
2） be going to +不定式，表示将来。
a. 主语的意图，即将做某事。例如：What are you going to do tomorrow? 明天打算作什么呢？
b. 计划，安排要发生的事。例如：The play is going to be produced next month。这出戏下月开播。
c. 有迹象要发生的事。例如：
Look at the dark clouds, there is going to be a storm. 看那乌云，快要下雨了。 3） be +不定式表将来，按计划或正式安排将发生的事。例如：
We are to discuss the report next Saturday.我们下星期六讨论这份报告。 4） be about to +不定式，意为马上做某事。例如： He is about to leave for Beijing. 他马上要去北京。
注意：be about to do 不能与tomorrow, next week 等表示明确将来时的时间状语连用。 【5 be going to / will 用于条件句时，be going to表将来,will表意愿。】 例如：
If you are going to make a journey, you'd better get ready for it as soon as possible.
Now if you will take off your clothes, we will fit the new clothes on you in front of the mirror.
【6 be to和be going to】
be to 表示客观安排或受人指示而做某事，be going to 表示主观的打算或计划。例如： I am to play football tomorrow afternoon. 明天下午我去踢球。（客观安排） I'm going to play football tomorrow afternoon. 明天下午我想去踢球。（主观安排） 【7 一般现在时表将来 】
1）下列动词come, go, arrive, leave, start, begin, return的一般现在时可以表示将来，主要用来表示在时间上已确定或安排好的事情。例如：
The train leaves at six tomorrow morning. 火车明天上午六点开。
When does the bus star? It stars in ten minutes. 汽车什么时候开？十分钟后。 2）以here, there等开始的倒装句，表示动作正在进行。例如： Here comes the bus. = The bus is coming. 车来了。 There goes the bell. = The bell is ringing. 铃响了。 3）在时间或条件句中。例如：
When Bill comes （不是will come）, ask him to wait for me. 比尔来后，让他等我。 I'll write to you as soon as I arrive there. 我到了那里，就写信给你。 4）在动词hope, take care that, make sure that等的宾语从句中。例如： I hope they have a nice time next week. 我希望他们下星期玩得开心。
Make sure that the windows are closed before you leave the room. 离开房间前，务必把窗户关了。
【8 用现在进行时表示将来 】
下列动词come, go, arrive, leave, start, begin, return等现在进行时可以表示将来。例如：I'm leaving tomorrow. 明天我要走了。
Are you staying here till next week? 你会在这儿呆到下周吗？ 【9 现在完成时 】
现在完成时用来表示之前已发生或完成的动作或状态，其结果的影响现在还存在；也可表示
持续到现在的动作或状态。其构成：have （has） +过去分词。
【10 比较一般过去时与现在完成时】
1）一般过去时表示过去某时发生的动作或单纯叙述过去的事情，强调动作；现在完成时为过去发生的，强调过去的事情对现在的影响，强调的是影响。
2）一般过去时常与具体的时间状语连用，而现在完成时通常与模糊的时间状语连用，或无时间状语。
一般过去时的时间状语：yesterday, last week，?ago, in1980, in October, just now等，皆为具体的时间状语。 现在完成时的时间状语：
for, since, so far, ever, never, just, yet, till/until, up to now, in past years, always等，皆不确定的时间状语。 共同的时间状语：
this morning, tonight, this April, now, already, recently, lately 等。 3）现在完成时可表示持续到现在的动作或状态，动词一般是延续性的，如live, teach, learn, work, study, know.。 4）一般过去时常用的非持续性动词有
come, go, leave, start, die, finish, become, get married等 例如：
I saw this film yesterday. （强调看的动作发生过了）
I have seen this film. （强调对现在的影响，电影的内容已经知道了） Why did you get up so early? （强调起床的动作已发生过了）
Who hasn't handed in his paper? （强调有卷子未交，疑为不公平竞争） He has been in the League for three years. （在团内的状态可延续） He has been a League member for three years. （是团员的状态可持续）
5）句子中如有过去时的时间副词（如yesterday, last, week, in 1960）时，不能使用现在完成时，要用过去时。
（错）Tom has written a letter to his parents last night. （对）Tom wrote a letter to his parents last night. 【11. 比较since和for 】
Since 用来说明动作起始时间，for用来说明动作延续时间长度。例如： I have lived here for more than twenty years.我住在这儿二十多年了。 I have lived here since I was born. 我从出生起就住在这儿了。 注意：并非有for 作为时间状语的句子都用现在完成时。
I worked here for more than twenty years. （我现在已不在这里工作。）
I have worked here for many years.（现在我仍在这里工作。）
注意：用句型转换的方法，很容易排除非延续动词在有for/since结构的完成时中的误用。 1）
（对） Tom has studied Russian for three years. = Tom began to study Russian three years ago, and is still studying it now.
2）
（错） Harry has got married for six years. = Harry began to get married six years ago, and is still getting married now. 显然，第二句不对，它应改
为 Harry got married six years ago. 或 Harry has been married for six years.
【12. since的四种用法】
1） since +过去一个时间点（如具体的年、月、日期、钟点、1980, last month, half past six）。例如：
I have been here since 1989. 1989起，我一直在这儿。 2） since +一段时间+ ago。例如：
I have been here since five months ago. 我在这儿，已经有五个月了。 3） since +从句。例如：
Great changes have taken place since you left. 你走后，变化可大了。
Great changes have taken place since we were here. 我们走后，变化可大了。 4） It is +一段时间+ since从句。例如：
It is two years since I became a postgraduate student. 我考上研究生有两年了。 【13. 延续动词与瞬间动词】
1） 用于完成时的区别
延续动词表示经验、经历； 瞬间动词表示行为的结果，不能与表示段的时间状语连用。例如：He has completed the work. 他已完成了那项工作。 （表结果） I've known him since then. 我从那时起就认识他了。（表经历）
2） 用于till / until从句的差异 延续动词用于肯定句，表示\做??直到??\ 瞬间动词用于否定句，表示\到??，才??\例如：He didn't come back until ten o'clock. 他到10 点才回来。 He slept until ten o'clock. 他一直睡到10点。 典型例题
1. You don't need to describe her. I ___ her several times. A. had met B. have met C. met D. meet
答案B. 首先本题后句强调对现在的影响，我知道她的模样，你不用描述。再次，several times告知为反复发生的动作，因此用现在完成时。 2. ---I'm sorry to keep you waiting.
---Oh, not at all. I ___ here only a few minutes.
A. have been B. had been C. was D. will be
答案A. 等待的动作由过去开始，持续到现在，应用现在完成时。 【14. 用一般过去时代替过去完成时】
1） 两个动作如按顺序发生，又不强调先后，或用then，and，but 等连词时，多用一般过去时。例如：
When she saw the mouse，she screamed. 她看到老鼠，就叫了起来。
My aunt gave me a hat and I lost it. 姑妈给了我一顶帽子，我把它丢了。
2 ） 两个动作相继发生，可用一般过去时；如第一个动作需要若干时间完成，用过去完成时。例如：When I heard the news, I was very excited.
3） 叙述历史事实，可不用过去完成时，而只用一般过去时。例如： Our teacher told us that Columbus discovered America in 1492. 【15. 不用进行时的动词】
1）表示事实状态的动词，如
have, belong, possess, cost, owe, exist, include, contain, matter, weigh, measure, continue等。例如：I have two brothers. 我有两兄弟。 This house belongs to my sister. 这房子是我姐的。 2）表示心理状态的动词，如
know, realize, think see, believe, suppose, imagine, agree, recognize, remember, want, need, forget, prefer, mean, understand, love, hate等。例如：I need your help. 我需要你的帮助。 He loves her very much. 他爱她很深。
3）瞬间动词，如accept, receive, complete, finish, give, allow, decide, refuse等。例如：
I accept your advice. 我接受你的劝告。
4）系动词，如seem, remain, lie, see, hear, smell, feel, taste, get, become, turn等。例如：
You seem a little tired. 你看上去有点累。 【16. 过去进行时】
1）概念：表示过去某时正在进行的状态或动作。
2）过去进行时的主要用法是描述一件事发生的背景；一个长动作延续的时候，另一个短动作发生。
3） 常用的时间状语有
this morning, the whole morning, all day yesterday, from nine to ten last evening, when, while等。例如：
My brother fell while he was riding his bicycle and hurt himself. 我兄弟骑车时摔了下来，受了伤。
It was raining when they left the station. 他们离开车站时，正下着雨。
When I got to the top of the mountain, the sun was shining. 我到达山顶时，阳光灿烂。
典型例题
1） Mary ___ a dress when she cut her finger. A. made B. is making C. was making D. makes
答案C. 割伤手指是已发生的事情，应用过去时。同时，when表时间的同时性，\玛丽在做衣服时\提供事情发生的背景，因此用过去进行时。
2） As she ___ the newspaper, Granny ___ asleep.
A. read；was falling B. was reading； fell C. was reading； was falling D. read；fell
答案B.句中的as = when, while，意为\当??之时\。描述一件事发生的背景时，用过去进行；一个长动作发生的时候，另一个短动作发生。句意为 \在她看报纸时，奶奶睡着了。\句中的 fell（fall的过去时），是系动词，后跟形容词，如：fall sick。 二. 日常用语
1. Come and meet my family.
2. Go and see. I think it's Li Lei. 3. Glad to meet you.
4. What can you see in the picture? I can see a clock / some books. 5. Can you see an orange? Yes, I can. / No, I can't. 6. Where's Shenzhen? It's near Hong Kong.
7. Let me see.（口语）让我想想看。
see 在这是\明白、懂了\，不可译作\看见\。例如：
8. Please have a seat.
seat表示\座位\，是个名词。have a seat表示\就坐\，也可以说take a seat, 和sit down的意思相同。 三. 语法
1. 名词所有格
名词如要表示与后面名词的所有关系，通常用名词所有格的形式，意为\\。一般有以下几种形式：
（1）. 一般情况下在词尾加\。例如： Kate's father Kate的爸爸 my mother's friend 我妈妈的朋友
（2）. 如果复数名词以s结尾，只加\。例如： Teachers' Day 教师节
The boys' game 男孩们的游戏
（3）. 如果复数名词不以s结尾，仍加\。例如： Children's Day 儿童节
Women's Day 妇女节
（4）. 表示两个或几个共有时，所有格应加在后一个名词上。例如： Lucy and Lily's room Lucy 和Lily的房间
Kate and Jim's father Kate 和Jim的爸爸
动物和无生命事物的名词的所有格一般不在词尾加\，而常常用介词of的短语来表示。 a map of China 一幅中国地图
the name of her cat 她的猫的名字
a picture of my family 我的家庭的一张照片 the door of the bedroom 卧室的门
2. 祈使句
祈使句主要用来表示说话人的请求、命令、建议、叮嘱等意图。祈使句一般不用主语，读时用降调。为使语气委婉、礼貌，常在句首或句尾加please 。在句尾时，please前多用逗号。
（1）. 祈使句肯定形式的谓语动词一律用动词原形。 Go and see. 去看看。 Come in, please. 请进。
（2）. 祈使句的否定形式常用don't于句首。 Don't look at your books. 不要看书。 Don't play on the road. 不要在马路上玩。 3. There be 的句子结构
There be是一个\存在\句型，表示\有\的意思，
肯定句的形式为：There be + 名词（单数或复数）+地点状语或时间状语。
be动词单复数的确定，看be后边第一个名词，当所接主语为单数或不可数名词时，be动词形式为is；当所接主语为复数名词时，be动词为are；当be动词后接两个以上主语时，be动词与最临近主语保持数上的一致。意思为\某地有某人或某物\。如：
There is an eraser and two pens on the desk. 桌子上有一块橡皮和两支钢笔。 There are two pens and an eraser on the desk. 桌上有两支钢笔和一块橡皮。 （1）there be的否定句，即在be的后面加上not。
否定形式为：There be + not + (any) + 名词+地点状语。
There is not any cat in the room. 房间里没猫。 There aren't any books on the desk. 桌子上没书。
（2）there be句型的疑问句就是将be提到句首：Be there + (any) +名词+地点状语？肯定回答：Yes, there is / are. 否定回答：No, there isn't / aren't. ---Is there a dog in the picture? 画上有一只狗吗？ ---Yes, there is. 有。
---Are there any boats in the river? 河里有船吗？ ---No, there aren't. 没有。
（3）特殊疑问句：How many . . . are there (+地点状语)？\某地有多少人或物？\回答用There be . . .
There's one. / There are two / three / some . . .
有时直接就用数字来回答。One. / Two . . .
---How many students are there in the classroom? 教室里有多少学生？
---There's only one. / There are nine. 只有一个。/有九个。
（4）如果名词是不可数名词，用：How much + 不可数名词 + is there + 地点状语？ How much water is there in the cup? 杯中有多少水？ How much food is there in the bowl? 碗里有多少食物？ 【课题专练】
专题二、英语语法汇总及练习 动词的时态:
初中英语的动词时态主要有五种:一般现在时,一般过去时,一般将来时,现在进行时,现在完成时.
1. 一般现时的用法：主要由动词原形表示，但在第三人称单数时要在词尾加-s 。否定句和疑问句要用助动词do, does.
A. 经常性或习惯性的动作。如The trees get green in spring . 。
B现在特征或状态。如The Changjiang River is the longest in our country. He doesn` t work in the factory .
C.普遍真理。如The sun rises in the east . Five and two in seven . 2现在进行时： 现在进行时是由助动词be 的人称形式加现在分词构成。 主要表示现在或现阶段正在进行的动作。如：
Where are they swimming?They are swimming in the river.
有些动词的现在进行时表示近期按计划或安排要进行的动作。这些动词是：go ,come, leave ,start ,arrive , return ,work sleep,stay,play,do,have ,wear?.. She is coming to see me tomorrow.
3． 一般将来时： 主要表示将要发生的动作或情况。
由助动词shall 或will加动词原形构成。/be going to 加动词原形构成 It won’t rain tonight . I shall meet you at the station. He is going to have a swim tomorrow.
4.一般过去时：由动词的过去式表示。
表示在过去某个时刻发生的动作或情况。包括过去习惯性动作。如；
Did you knock at the door just now? /He finished reading the book yesterday. 5.现在完成时：由have的人称形式加过去分词构成 A 到现在为止已经完成的动作。如：
I have lent my book to Ann. 我把书借给了安。
He has never seen a real tiger. 他从来没有见过真老虎。 B、从过去开始延续到现在的动作或状态。如：
She has lived here since 1991. 从一九九一年起她就住在这里。 时 态 常用的时间副词
一般现在时 every( year,otherday ,twodays,week,month?) ,often ,always,usually ,sometimes, in the morning,in summer,on Sunday
一般过去时 last week, just now,yesterday, yeaterday morning ,the day before yesterday,then,
at that moment,(a few days) ago,
一般将来时 tomorrow, next month, in two days,
现在进行时 now
现在完成时 since ,for（one year?.）, just, already, yet ,in the last five years, ?before.so far 被动语态：
被动语态表示主语是动作的承受者。由“助动词be+及物动词的过去分词”构成。 Be有人称，数量和时态变化。
一般现在时：be (is am are) +及物动词的过去分词 一般过去时：be (was were)+ 及物动词的过去分词
情态动词的过去分词：情态动词+be +及物动词的过去分词
【第9讲：时态一】
提起时态，当然是指动词的时态啦。过去、现在和未来等不同时间段发生的事情要用不同的时态来表示。时态是动词的一种形式，表示动作或状态发生或存在的时间和方式。闭上眼睛想一想，初中我们学过的时态有几个? 初中我们共学过八种时态。本讲将这几个时态总体介绍一下:
一般现在时：常与always,often,sometimes, every day连用，表示习惯或经常反复发生的动作或存在的状态。提醒你当第三人称单数做主语时，别忘了动词的变化。注意：象\地球大，月亮小\等客观真理、事实一定用一般现在时。
现在进行时：要注意其构成：由be+动词+ing,表示说话时正在进行的动作。如：We're studying now. 我们现在正在学习。 一般过去时：表示过去某个时间发生的动作或存在的状态，常与yesterday,last year,in 1949,two years ago,等表示过去时间的状语连用。注意：We often went to dance last summer.有的同学一见到often就想到用一般现在时，其实因为后面有表示过去时间的 last summer,所以要用过去式，千万别误用了，切记，切记。
过去进行时：显然过去进行时表示过去某一时刻正在做什么，常和特定的时间状语如at that time，at six yesterday，at that moment，when he came in等连用。如： When he knocked at the door,his mother was cooking.
一般将来时：表示将要发生的动作或存在的状态，常与表示将来时间状语如 next year,tomorrow等连用。注意：在Will you ....?问句中，回答必须是 Yes,I will.或 No,I won't而不能用Yes,I shall. No, I shan't.来回答过去将来时：过去将来时不可以单独使用，它一般在宾语从句中作间接引语，表示从过去某一时间看来将要发生的动作或存在的状态。如：They told me that they would go to work in Guangdong.
现在完成时：顾名思义，现在完成时表示的是已经完成的动作，但动作造成的影响还
在，常被just,already,yet 等副词修饰。如：He has already gone to Tianjin. 对现在造成的影响是他已经不在这儿了。现在完成时还可用来表示过去发生的动作一直延续到现在，常带有for或since等表示一段时间的状语。如：Mr Wang has lived here since 1983.表示说话前发生过一次或多次的动作，我们常用\过\来表示，常带有twice, once, ever, never等时间状语。如：I've never seen that film.
过去完成时：我们可以用\过去的过去\来概括过去完成时，表示过去某一时刻或某一动作之前已经完成了的动作，通常与by,before等构成的短语或when, before,after引导的从句连用。也可表示过去某一时间开始，一直延续到过去另一时间的动作，常和for或since构成的时间状语连用。用法和现在完成时大致相同，只不过又向前推了一个时态。 【第18讲被动语态复习 ABC】 A．熟记结构
被动语态的结构为“助动词be＋及物动词的过去分词（p．p）”。被动语态的不同时态是通过be的时态变化来表示的，其人称和数方面应与主语保持一致。其具体变化为： 一般现在时：am／is／are＋p．p． 一般过去时：was／were＋p．p．
一般将来时：shall ／will be ＋p．p． 现在完成时：have ／has been ＋p．p． 现在进行时：am／is／are＋being＋p．p． 过去将来时：should ／would be ＋p．p． 含情态动词的被动结构：情态动词＋be＋p．p． F．牢记（相关）句型
初中教材中与被动语态相关的句型有： 1．be covered with被??覆盖
2．be made of由??制作（发生物理变化） be made from由??制作（发生化学变化） be made in由（某地）制造 be made by被（某人）制造
3．be used for被用来??
be used as被当作（作为）??来使用 be used to do sth．被用来做某事 4．It is said that．．．据说?? It is hoped that．．．希望??
It is well known that．．．众所周知??例如：