最高考高考英语语法精讲精练 专题六 非谓语动词常考点 下载本文

专题六 非谓语动词常考点

非谓语动词主要包括不定式、动名词和分词。非谓语动词一直是高考中的热点。解答非谓语动词的题目时,一定要解析句子结构,确定所设空是谓语动词还是非谓语动词,以及非谓语动词在句子中充当的功能(如状语、定语或宾补);找准相关动词的逻辑主语,确定该动词与逻辑主语是什么关系(主动还是被动);搜索句子中相关的时间信息,确定非谓语动词的恰当形式。

非谓语 功能 主动式 动名词 具有名词功能,常在句中作主语,宾语 表主动和正在进行, 常在句中作定语, 状语,宾补 表被动和已完成,常在句中作定语,状语,补语 被动式 完成式 一般式 完成式 一般式 进行式 完成式 一般式 进行式 完成式 形式 doing being done having done/having been done doing having done done being done having been done to do/to be done to be doing to have done/to have been done 现在 分词 过去 分词 表将来具体某一次,常在句动词 中作主语,定语,状语,补不定式 语,宾语等

1 动名词和不定式作主语

①如果表语是不定式,主语也是不定式;表语是动名词,主语也是动名词。如: To see is to believe.=Seeing is believing. ②动名词作主语的句型。如:

It is no use/no good/useless doing sth.

It is a waste of time doing(也可用It is a waste of time to do) ③动词不定式和动名词的复合结构: 动词不定式的复合结构有两种:It is difficult/easy/possible/necessary/...for sb. to do sth.和It is kind/wise/foolish/considerate/...of sb. to do。

动名词的复合结构是由名词所有格或“物主代词+动名词”构成。在口语和非正式语体中,只要不是作主语,动名词复合结构中的逻辑主语常采用名词通格或人称代词宾格。如:

His coming made me happy.

I can't imagine his/him living there alone. ④动名词被动式作主语(过去分词不可作主语)。如:

Being exposed to the sunlight for a long time does harm to your skin.

完成下列句子:

①It's foolish ____________________________(你相信他说的话). ②It's impossible ____________________________(他做这样的事). ③Do you mind ____________________________(我抽烟)?

④It's no use ____________________________(你和他争辩). ⑤________(go) abroad is an honour to me. ⑥________(take) abroad is an honour to me.

⑦________(devote) to his work made him succeed.

【答案】①of you to believe what he said ②for him to do such a thing ③my/me smoking ④your/you arguing with him ⑤Going ⑥Being taken ⑦Being devoted

2 动名词和不定式作宾语

①下面的动词要求用不定式作宾语: attempt(企图),afford(负担得起),demand(要求),long(渴望),desire(渴望),expect,hope,wish,want,swear(发誓),volunteer(自愿),offer(提供),fail(未能),plan,care(关心,喜欢),happen(碰巧),prepare(准备),learn(学习),choose(选择),hesitate(犹豫),claim(要求),promise,undertake(承接),appear(似乎),seek(寻觅),refuse(拒绝),decide(决定),determine(决定),manage(设法),pretend(假装),agree(同意),bother(烦恼),intend(想要),wait(等待)

②下面的动词只能用动名词作宾语:

acknowledge(承认),admit(承认),deny(否认),mention(说到,讲到),tolerate/stand/bear(忍受),dislike(不喜欢),advocate(提倡,主张),appreciate(感激,欣赏),avoid(避免),enjoy(享受),envy(嫉妒),delay(延迟),postpone(延迟,延期),escape(逃跑,逃避),excuse/pardon/forgive(原谅),fancy(幻想,爱好),imagine(想象),favour(造成,偏爱),mind(介意),miss(错过),finish(完成),resist(抵抗),risk(冒险),involve(包含),practise(实践),suggest/advise/recommend(建议),prevent(阻止),keep(保持),quit/abandon(放弃,停止),understand(理解),include(包括)

③后接动名词作宾语的动词短语和句型有:

have(no/much/some/...) difficulty/trouble/a hard time(in),take pleasure in,spend time/money (in),waste time(in),be worth,be busy,feel like,be committed to

④to作为介词的短语有:

look forward to,pay attention to,object to=be opposed to,be devoted to,stick to,come close to(差一点),get down to(开始认真做),get/be accustomed/used to(doing), lead to=contribute to(sb. doing/being done)

⑤allow,permit,forbid,advise,recommend的用法: allow/permit/forbid/advise/recommend+doing

allow/permit/forbid/advise/recommend+sb.+to do如: I don't allow smoking in my room.

I don't allow him to smoke in my room.

用所给词的适当形式填空:

①We agreed ________(meet) here but so far she hasn't turned up yet. ②The discovery of the new evidence led to the thief ________(catch). ③Janey pretended __________(write) when her mother came in.

④I can hardly imagine Peter ________(sail) across the Atlantic Ocean in five days.

⑤The doctor advised him ________(stop) smoking.

【答案】①to meet ②being caught ③to be writing ④sailing ⑤to stop

3 注意区别下列动词后接不定式和