高考二轮复习英语学案
专题七 情态动词和虚拟语气
【典例精析】
1.（2007 全国卷II， 8） _______ he had not hurt his leg, John would have won the race. A. If B. Since C. Though
D. When
【解析】A 有题干可知，“若不是他伤了腿，约翰就能赢得比赛了”，运用了虚拟语气，故用if。
2.（2008山东卷, 24） Thank you for all your hard work last week. I don’t think we ____ it without you. A. can manage B. could have managed C. could manage D. can have managed
【解析】 B 此题考查情态动词表示虚拟意义的用法。I don’t think…是否定前移。意为：我认为没有你我们本不能做成这件事的。此题关键是要根据句意知道是虚拟语气，其基本形式是情态动词（过去式）+have done,所以其他选项皆可排除。 【答案】B
3（09福建）. But for the help of my English teacher, I____the first prize in the English Writing Competition.
A. would not win B. would not have won C. would win D. would have won
【答案】B 虚拟语气。此处虚拟语气表示与过去事实相反，句子谓语动词用would/should/could/might + have done结构，故选B。
4.（09湖南）— It’s the office! So you _____ know eating is not allowed here. — Oh, sorry.
A. must B. will
C. may D. need
【解析】A 句意为：这是办公室！因此你必须知道吃的不允许带到这里。must表示“绝不”的意思。
5.（09海南）What do you mean, there are only ten tickets? There _____ be twelve A. should B. would C. will
D. shall
【答案】A。 你这是什么意思，只有十张票吗?应该有十二人。should表示“应该，应当”。 6.（09上海）It_____ have been Tom that parked the car here, as he is the only one with a car.
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A. may B. can C. must D. should
【解析】C 考查情态动词的基本用法。此处表示肯定性较强的猜测，故答案选C。 7.（09四川）—I don’t care what people think. —Well, you _______ A. could B. would C. should D. might 【解析】C考查情态动词的用法。答话的人提了一个建议——你应该关注别人对你的评价的。should可以用来向别人提建议，所以答案为：C 8.（09天津）This printer is of good quality. If it _______ break down within the first year, we would repair it at our expense.
A. would B. should C. could D. might
【解析】B 考查虚拟语气中的情态动词用法。表示对将来情况的虚拟假设，条件从句可以用should+v.原形；
9.（09重庆）—Hi, Tom. Any idea where Jane is? —She_____in the classroom. I saw her there just now.
A. shall be B. should have been C. must be D. might have been
【答案】C 考查情态动词表示猜测的用法。由后面的just now暗示现在一定在教室推知对现在情况的猜测，故答案为C.
10.（09全国2）I can’t leave. She told me that I______stay here until she comes back. A. can B. must C. will D. may
【解析】B 考查情态动词的基本用法。由前面的I can’t leave.推知我必须呆在这里，故答案为B。
11.（09江苏）11. He did not regret saying what he did but felt that he____ it differently. A. could express B. would express C. could have expressed D. must have expressed
【解析】C 考查情态动词的用法。由前面的后悔表示做过啦，故后面的意思为本能够表达的不同，答案为C符合。
【专题突破】情态动词和虚拟语气密不可分，情态动词表示推测的考查，虚拟语气中对情态动词的考查，这些都是需要注意的地方，要想突破，可以从语境、语义、说话者的语气等方面着手，具体说：
1.根据时间确定时态、时间段
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即要分清情态动词表推测时涉及的是现在情况还是过去情况。原则上说，若对现在情况进行推测，情态动词后接动词原形或进行式；若对过去情况进行推测，则后接动词的完成式(这通常是高考的重点)；若是对正在发生的情况进行推测，后接动词的进行式；判断出时间段套用现在、过去、将来虚拟语气的句式。 2.充分利用句子语境、语义
综观历年高考英语情态动词和虚拟语气的考查情况，有相当一部分考题从本质上看都是在考查情态动词在具体语境、语义中的运用，即只要考生能弄清各个被考查情态动词的意思，就可作出正确选择。 3.注意分清适用句型
即要分清所考查的情态动词是用于肯定句型，还是用于疑问句型或否定句型，同时还要注意情态动词在某些特殊情况下所使用的特殊句型。
4.弄清说话者的语义、语气推断属于哪个时间段的情况，正确把握隐含、混合等虚拟语气。 5.掌握固定句式，从固定句式着手，套用虚拟语气句型。 1.—Catherine, I have cleaned the room for you. —Thanks. You _________it. I could manage it myself. A. needn’t do C. mustn’t do B. needn’t have done D. shouldn’t have done 【解析】B 句子的语境是：“我自己能做”，所以“你本不必做的”。选A还是B呢？根据前面一句中的 have cleaned 可知，动作已经发生，所以此处谈论的是一个过去情况，故选 needn’t have done。
2. This cake is very sweet. You _________ a lot of sugar in it.
A. should put B. could have put C. might put D. must have put
【解析】D前文说“蛋糕很甜”，下文的语境显然应该是“你一定是在里面放了很多糖”，故用“must+完成式”表示对过去情况的肯定推测。
3. —The woman biologist stayed in Africa studying wild animals for 13 years before she returned. — Oh, dear! She _________ a lot of difficulties!
A. may go through B. might go through C. ought to have gone through D. must have gone through
【解析】D由上文的stayed可知，此题是对过去情况有把握的肯定推测。句意为“那个女生物学家呆在非洲研究野生动物13年才回来。”“天啊！她一定经历了不少苦难！”
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4. Helen _________ go on the trip with us, but she isn’t quite sure yet. A. shall B. must C. may D. can
【解析】C由于下文说“她还没有把握”，所以前文要用may表示没有把握的肯定推测，即“可能会与我们去旅行”。
5. —I’ve taken someone else’s green sweater by mistake. —It _________ Harry’s. He always wears green.
A. has to be B. will be C. mustn’t be D. could be
【解析】D 后文说“他总是穿绿色衣服”，据此语境可推知，这件衣“可能是”哈利的，could表示可能性。
6. —Do you know where David is? I couldn’t find him anywhere. —Well. He _________have gone far—his coat’s still here. A. shouldn’t B. mustn’t C. can’t
D. wouldn’t
分析：答案选C。后文说“他的外套还在这里”，据此语境可知“他不可能走远了”，故选can’t 5. He paid for a seat, when he _________ have entered free. A. could
B. would
C. must
D. need
【解析】A could have done的意思是“本来可以做某事”。句子语境为“虽然他本来能够免费入场，但他买了票”。
6. —Lucy doesn’t mind lending you her dictionary. —She _________. I’ve already borrowed one. A. can’t
B. mustn’t C. needn’t
D. shouldn’t
【解析】C 既然“我已经借了一本”，所以“她就没有必要借给我了”。needn’t在此表示“不必”。 7.The World Wide Web is sometimes jokingly called the World Wide Wait because it _________be very slow. A. should
B. must
C. will
D. can
【解析】 D在通常情况下，情态动词 can 表示推测时，只用于否定句和疑问句，不用于肯定句，但有一种特殊情况就是它可以用于肯定句中表理论上的推测或表示“有时”之意，而此题考查的正是can 表示“有时”的用法。
8. Zhang Lin was addicted to computer games during his last year in high school , otherwise he____________a student of Beijing University .
A．would have been B．should be C．has been D．had been
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