江西理工大学应用科学学院毕业论文

附录A

Lean manufacture way synopsis

First，Toyota Corporation's lean manufacture way

The lean manufacture（Lean Production，is called，LP）is the American Massachusetts Institute of Technology several international automobile plan organization（IMVP）expert to Japan ＂Toyota JIT（Just in Time） production method＂name of the praise，fine，namely the fewer but better，does not invest the unnecessary element of production，is only in the suitable time production essential quantity market urgently needed product （or evil ways working procedure urgently needed product）；The profit， namely all operative activity wants beneficially effective， has the efficiency．The lean manufacture is the current industrial world best one kind of Production organization system and the way．

The lean manufacture is the postwar Japan automobile industry encounters ＂the resources are scarce＂ and ＂the multi-varieties，the few batch＂the market restriction product，it is assists the interrogation from Toyota to start，after Toyota happy eldest son and Taiichi Oono et al．the joint efforts only then gradually consummates until the 60s forms．

The lean manufacture is not only one kind take maximum limit reduces the resources which the enterprise produces takes and reduces the business management and the operation cost as the essential target production method，simultaneously it is also one idea，one culture．The implementation lean manufacture is determined the pursue perfect course，is also the pursue remarkable process，it is the support personally with the enterprise life one spiritual strength，also will be will obtain the self-satisfied one kind of boundary in forever the without limits learning process．Its goal is strives for perfection，acme of perfection，forever without limits pursue seven zero ultimate objectives．

The lean manufacture essence manages the process，organizes the optimization which including the human affairs manages，simplifies the middle management vigorously，carries on the organization flattening reform，reduces the non-personal directly engaged productions； Pushes carries on the production equalizing to synchronize，realizes zero stock and the flexible production；Carries out the entire production process (including the entire supply chain) the quality assurance system，realizes zero bad; Reduces and reduces on any link's waste，realizes zero waste；Realizes the drawing type punctual metaplasia to produce the way finally．

The lean manufacture characteristic is eliminates all wastes，the pursue strives for perfection with the progressive improvement．Removes produces in the link all useless things， each worker and the post arrangement principle is must rise in value，removes the post which all do not rise in value．The simplification is its core，in the simplification product development design，the production， the management all does not have the added value work，is for the purpose of by the most superior quality，the most low cost and the peak efficiency makes the most rapid response to the market demand．

Second，lean manufacture way superiority and significance

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曹大军：基于JIT生产模式汽车零部件的生产计划与控制

Compares with the mass production way．Japan uses the lean manufacture way’s superiority mainly displays in the following several aspects：

(1) Needs the human resources，regardless in product development，production system，factory other departments，compare with the mass production way's under factory，reduces to feeble-mindedly 1/2；

(2) The new product development cycle lowest may reduce to l/2 or 2/3；

(3) Production process's goods in process stock，owest may reduce to under the mass production way the general level 1/10；

(4) Factory takes the space ，lowly to be possible to reduce to selects under the mass production method 1/2；

(5) End product stock，lowest may reduce to under the mass production way the averaging stock level 1/4；

(6) Product quality，may be large scale．

The lean manufacture way is pursues the production thoroughly the rationality，highly effective，can produce nimbly adapts each kind of demand high grade product production technology and the managerial technique，its basic principle and many methods，have the positive significance to the manufacturing industry．The lean manufacture core，namely about the productive plan and the control as well as stock management's basic philosophy，also has the vital role to rich and the development modern production management theory．

Third，in lean manufacture management characteristic

（１）the drawing type (pull) punctual metaplasia produces (JIT)

Take end-user's demand as production beginning．Emphasizes the physical distribution to be balanced，the pursue zero stock， requests the components which a working procedure processes to be possible to enter the next working procedure immediately．The organization produces the operation is depends upon the electronic monitoring system (Kanban) to carry on．Namely the demand information (electronic monitoring system form does not limit by the electronic monitoring system transmission working procedure，key lies in can transmit message)．In the production metre may by the manual intervention， the control，in the guarantee production physical distribution balanced (regarding each working procedure， namely for guarantee after working procedure supply accurate current events)．Because uses the drawing type production，in the production plan and the dispatch materially are complete by each production unit，in formally does not use the centralism plan，but in the operating process between production unit's coordinated extremely is essential．

（2）Total Quality Management Stressed that the quality is produces，but must examines，guarantees the final quality by the process quality control．In the production process carries on to the quality examination and the control in each working procedure． Is heavy is raising each staff's quality consciousness， the guarantee prompt discovery quality question． If discovers the quality question in the production process， according to the situation，may stop the production immediately， until solves the problem， thus the guarantee does not appear to the defective works invalid processing．Regarding quality question which appears，generally is the organization related technology and the production personnels takes a group， cooperates together， solves as soon as possible．

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江西理工大学应用科学学院毕业论文

（3）Team method of working (Teamwork)

Not only each staff carries out higher authority's order in the work．Participation positively more importantly，plays policy-making and the auxiliary policy-making role．The organization team's principle presses the administrative organization to divide not completely， but mainly divides according to the service relations．The team members emphasize master many skills while specializing in one，the request can in the quite familiar team other staff's work， guarantee that the work coordinated carries on smoothlyThe team personnel work the achievement evaluation the team internal appraisal influence．The team work's basic atmosphere is the trust， by one kind of long-term supervisory control primarily，but avoids to the investigation which each step works， raises the working efficiency．Team's organization is the change， in view of the different thing， establishes the different team，the identical person possibly belongs to the different team．

（4）Parallel projects (Concurrent Engineering) In product design development period， the conceptual design， the structural design， the technological design， the final demand and so on unifies，guaranteed that completes by the quickest speed according to the request quality． Each work by completes with this related project group． In the advancement the panel members arrange own work respectively， but may regular or momentarily the feedback information and to appears the question solves coordinated． Rests on the suitable information system tool，the feedback and coordinated entire project advance． Using the modern CIM technology， in product development and development period，auxiliary project advancement parallelization．

Fourth，lean manufacture and production in enormous quantities way management concept comparison

The lean manufacture takes one kind from the environment to the management goal is the brand-new management concept， and obtains the success in reality， has applied one， two new management tool simply by no means that but is a set the management system which with the enterprise environment， the culture as well as the management fuses highly， therefore lean manufacture oneself is an autonomous system．

（1）optimizes the scope to be different

The production in enormous quantities way stems from the US，is relates based on US's enterprise，emphasizes the market direction，the optimize allocation of resources，each enterprise take the financial relations as a boundary，optimizes own internal management．But is related the enterprise，regardless of being the supplier or the dealer， by to palm reading treatment．

The lean manufacture way take the product manufacturing working procedure as the clue， the organization close related supply chain，on the one hand reduces in the enterprise cooperation the transaction cost， on the other hand guarantees the stable demand and the prompt supply， take the entire big production system as optimized goal．

（2）Treats the stock the manner to be different

The production in enormous quantities way's stock management stressed that＂the stock is essential wicked＂．

The lean manufacture way's stock management stressed that＂the stock is the root of all evil＂．

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曹大军：基于JIT生产模式汽车零部件的生产计划与控制

The lean manufacture way will produce all stocks will regard as ＂the waste＂， simultaneously thought that the stock has covered in production system's flaw and the question． It emphasizes the supply at the same time to the production guarantee， on the other hand emphasizes to zero stock request， thus exposes in unceasingly the production the basic link's contradiction and improves，reduces the stock to eliminate the stock unceasingly to have ＂the waste＂．Based on this，the lean manufacture proposed ＂eliminates all wastes＂ slogan．Pursue zero waste goals．

（3）The service control view is different

The traditional production in enormous quantities way's personnel system based on both sides ＂the employment＂ the relations， in the business management stressed that achieves individual work highly effective division of labor principle，and promotes and the guarantee by the strict service investigation， simultaneously the investigation work also prevents a man-power to oppose negative effect which the enterprise produces．

The lean manufacture stems from Japan，the depth the Eastern culture influence，when specialized labor division stressed that cooperates mutually and the operation flow simplification (including nonessential checking work) in the elimination service ＂the waste＂．

（4）The quality view is different

The traditional production method regards as the ration second quality item in the production the inevitable result．

The lean manufacture based on organization's decentralization with person's cooperation viewpoint， thought that lets the producer own quality assurance reliable is absolutely feasible， and does not sacrifice the production the continuity． Its core thought is， causes reason which itself this kind of probabilistic quality question produces by no means probabilistic， through eliminates produces the quality question production link to come ＂to eliminate the waste which all second quality items bring＂， pursue zero bad．

（5）The manner is different to the human．

In production in enormous quantities way emphasis management strict level relations． Lies to staff's request completes the task which strictly the higher authority issues，the human is regarded as attached in the post ＂the equipment＂．

The lean manufacture stressed that a person to production process's intervention，displays person's activity with every effort， simultaneously emphasizes coordinated，to staff individual appraisal is also based on the long-term performance．This method more member who regards as the staff the enterprise association，but non-machine．Full display basic unit subjective initiative．

Fifth， the lean manufacture way is rescues the danger sleepy enterprise the magic weapon

＂The lean manufacture realizes through the waste elimination improves the quality， to reduce the cost and the reduction time in advance effect．＂The waste elimination is refers to ＂does the correct matter＂ and ＂correct working＂， eliminates all non-increment process． ＂The waste elimination＂ itself manifested one kind to seek the outlet in the crisis the hard working spirit． Studies the background which and the process the Toyota production method produces may see，this new production method is to solve Japan the expand industry to need to be born in the difficult environment:

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