Unit 5

Celebrating Entrepreneurs

I want to tell Jack Ma what an honor it is to be here representing the United States Embassy, representing the people of America, representing so many friends in China – many of whom you trade with, invest with, you’ve studied with in university and schools in China and the United States.It truly is an honor to be here in Hangzhou.I think Hangzhou is perhaps the most beautiful city in all of China.It is historic, it is sophisticated(复杂的，久经世故的), it is culture, and it is the home of the Alibaba gathering – in its 7th year in a row.And it’s just an unbelievable opportunity to be able to look out at so many representatives of emerging industry and business here in China.I am just so very honored to be here. You know so much more about the issues and the subject matter than I do.

我想告诉马云，非常容幸能来到这里，代表美国大使馆，代表美国人民，代表中国这么多的朋友，在座的很多人都是在美国学习或者是美国人交朋友，做生意，有很多的交往，真的非常高兴来到杭州这个美丽的城市，我认为杭州在整个中国最漂亮的城市了。它是历史名城，一个成熟有底蕴的城市，有深厚的文化底蕴，而且是阿里巴巴的网商大会的一个主场。而且看到来自这么多网商在中国正在冉冉升起的一个网络行业，网商的行业的年轻人，我相信大家对这个主题比我了解的更多，所以对我来说我其实在这里就是在班门弄斧了。

Now, the main reason for coming to Hangzhou today is to offer up a challenge, and it starts with many of you right here in this room. The challenge is simple, it goes like this: entrepreneurs of the world, it is time to unite.I'm convinced this is a historic time for our two countries to unite around issues of innovation and the development, advancement, and protection of ideas -- the fuel that fires the engines of entrepreneurs everywhere in the world, leveling the playing field, of all competitors.

来到杭州主要的原因其实对我来说也是一个挑战，你们今天来了很多人，其实这个挑战就是很简单的，我这么说吧，是在座的企业精神可以联合的， 企业家团结起来。我很相信这一点，这是一个历史性的时刻，我们应该遵循进步、保护以及创新的精神团结起来，我们精神的引擎应该点燃全世界，我们应该有个非常公平的竞争的场地跟环境。

Hangzhou also has a special place in the revitalized(复兴) U.S.-China relationship. We're coming up in the 40th anniversary of Henry Kissinger's historic visit here, the firsttentative step toward re-establishing diplomatic relations(建交) between our two great countries.At the time, 40 years ago, the negotiations were all done face to face, secret memos were passed back and forth by hand and if you wanted to look something up you had to actually read a book.There was no internet, no email, no cell phones, no Alibaba and Jack Ma was only around 5 or 6 years old.President Nixon reportedly(据报道) enjoyed his time here at Westlake so much he said Beijing may be China's capitol, but Hangzhou is the country's heart!My Chinese friends also refer to it as Yu MiZhi Xiang (land of plenty).

杭州是一个很重要的地方，在中美建交的时候扮演了一个很重要的角色。基辛格国务卿访问过中国杭州，当时中美还没有恢复建交，40年之前中美建交的谈判在杭州举行，做了一些秘密的协议。实际上你要读一读历史书才知道过去的这段历史，当时没有移动电话，没有电脑，没有阿里巴

巴，当时马云可能才5 、6岁那么大吧。尼克松总统在西湖旁边渡过一段非常美好的时光，他说过北京是中国的都城，但是杭州是这个国家的心脏，我的朋友曾经有说过鱼米之乡。

President Nixon's visit here was one of the great diplomatic(外交的) breakthroughs in recent American history. It was a time (before many of you were born) of estrangement(疏远), not cooperation between the United States and China. Our relations were largely defined by the hostilities in Korea and Vietnam, and the conflicts between capitalism(资本主义) and communism(共产主义). It took visionary leadership on both sides of the Pacific to bring these two countries together and so much of that hard work happened right here in Hangzhou. Predictably, we continued to have our differences, and sometimes we still do. But those meetings, over 40 years ago, marked a signal shift in our relationship, from opposition to, at its best, genuine(真正的) cooperation and mutual benefit.

But the 1970's were in many other ways a very difficult time in the United States. The Vietnam War sparked tremendous domestic(国内的) upheaval(剧变). Our economy stalled(停止), we were battered by stagflation(经济滞涨), high unemployment and declining living standards.Millions of Americans were ready to close our borders and turn inward.

尼克松总统访问杭州可以说是最近美国历史上的一大突破。这是发生在你们出生之前的一段时间，这也说明了中美之间合作的重要性。当时美国的关系跟韩国、中国都是很敌对的，我们认为你们是共产主义者，你们认为我们是资本家。但是因为两国领导人的远见，我们两国走到了一起，很多重大的事件就从杭州开始。可以预言，很多的差异还会继续的弥合，当然现在还有很多的差异。你想40多年前这么大的差异都可以弥合，我们过去从敌对变成了最好的、最真诚的合作伙伴，同时是互利的一个合作关系。

70年代，从很多角度来看都是对美国人来讲是非常艰难的一个时刻。当时的越南战争对我们国家造成了巨大的创伤，同时我们当时是在非常高的生活水平上，但是整个经济滞胀，我们的总统又被暗杀了，当时美国整体的经济模式都遭到了挑战，有人预言说美国要走下坡路了，他们会失去在世界舞台的地位，其实在美国内部来讲的话，我们也关闭了很多的国界线。

But then an interesting thing happened that we have seen in other chapters of our history.Our economy bounced back stronger than ever, thanks in large part to our fundamental belief in the powers of an open marketplace.Maybe it's because we are a nation of immigrants, or maybe it's because we stretch from the Atlantic to the Pacific Oceans, but even during the toughest times, we always believed in the power of freedom and always valued engagement over isolationism.

但是发生了一件有意思的事情，可能在美国其他的历史篇章上又看到，发现美国又回到了一个非常好的经济发展渠道上。这可能是有赖于我们很高的雇佣率，很低的失业率，以及很强大的经济基础，既使是在当时最艰难的时刻，我们也一直坚信不已，一个开放的市场是非常重要的，参与是非常重要的。

We welcomed tens of thousands of international students (maybe even some of you or your family members) to our universities, as we continue to do today.Students who return to their home countries armed with uniquely American ideas and approaches, planting their own seeds of innovation and enterprise. We attracted brainpower(智囊团) to the United States, and we still do.Talent helpedfuel our economic engine when we needed it the most and became valued and equal members of American society. We created industry clusters(产业集群) where scientists and entrepreneurs could interact and

exchange ideas – creating incubators(培养器) for future ideas and future business opportunities – this, too, continues today.The best example and one I am sure you are all familiar with, is Silicon Valley, which not only helped launch the computer revolution but established a certain recipe for success that serves as a model for similar technology hubs(枢纽) throughout the world, from Brooklyn to Beijing. Our commitment to open markets and an open society resulted in a flurry(慌张) of innovation and new technologies that revitalized our economy, ultimately creating some 30 million new jobs.It was innovation, and the entrepreneurial culture that fostered it, that helped drag the United States out of the economic challenges and doldrums(经济不景气) of the 1970's and set up three decades of unprecedented growth and prosperity.

我们欢迎成千上万的国际学生来到美国，也许你们某些家庭成员也去过美国的大学学习，现在我们继续欢迎外国的学生，我们有自己独特的思路，美国人有非常强的创业精神，我们美国人到目前为止还是有非常强大的精神力量，我们认为人才是美国经济的基础和引擎，我们也非常坚信社会公民的平等，我们认为企业跟科学家的合作是非常重要的，需要来交换理念，来为未来的业务机会创造一个孵化机会，这样一个理念今天还在持续，我想最好的例子大家可能都知道了，就是硅谷，我们不仅在硅谷出现了大量的电脑的创新，还看到了很多成功的案例，我们可以看到那里已经成为了很多的巨大的一个新技术的发生地，从布鲁克林到北京到充满了我们在硅谷出现的新技术，这样的新技术使得我们经济得以重振，而且产生了三千万的新工作机会，我们企业家的精神得到了在更大一部分的培养，这也直接带领美国走出了1970年的经济困境，而且持续了30年的繁荣。

Now both countries have experienced both enormous growth and change since our modern relationship began 40 years ago.I suspect the pace of change will advance beyond anyone’s comprehension in years to come.And I am guessing the driver will be the development of ideas in health, energy, transportation – just to name a few. So here's the question: is there a central role for innovation in the U.S.-China relationship that speaks to where we want to find ourselves in the future? If so, and I believe there is – then let's get moving!

40年前产生的中美建交之后，我们的经济跟文化都有了巨大的发展，我们都明白这样一种关系对未来是至关重要的，我觉得在这个过程当中，我们需要有解决能源的问题、交通的问题、通讯的问题，这只是其中一部分，我的问题就是创新在中美关系当中重要吗，我们希望未来创新是处于什么个地位，我觉得确实是的，我相信创新是最重要的一点。

In the United States we venerate(尊敬) people like Thomas Edison, who invented the light bulb. Henry Ford, who helped launch the modern automobile industry, John Rockefeller, who revolutionized the oil business, Warren Buffet and investing, Bill Gates and Microsoft, all of them have helped define the American Dream, where you work hard, you think big and ultimately, you enjoy the fruits of your labor. And then there's Jack Ma, who's busy creating what we should probably call the Chinese Dream.He started with one of the slowest internet connections in the world. I hear it used to take Jack all day to download a single page. But if it took all day, he'd wait all day. And slowly but surely he learned how to operate on-line. Pretty soon, he founded China's first internet-based company – China Pages. Today, of course, he's CEO of the Alibaba Group, which brings us all together today with, at least this morning, more than 50-million members. Knowing Jack, it'll probably be 60 million by the time I finish this speech.

在美国像爱迪生发明了灯泡，同时福特发明了汽车，诺可菲尔创造了新的石油企业，巴菲特巨大的成功在投资上面，美国人总是有美国之梦，如果你努力工作，你想得远大，最终你就会收获。马云又是一个很好的案例，他创立了我们可以称之为中国之梦，他最开始的时候用得是全球连接最慢的互联网，可能你花一天的时间，马云就下载了一个页面，但是他会等一天来等这个页面，在一个月之后，他就知道如何很快的上网了，很快他居然建立了中国最早一个网络企业，叫中国黄页，后来又建立了中国最大的网络企业叫阿里巴巴，大家都知道，马云是我的一个好朋友，也许我说完话之后，他已经拥有更多的钱了。

So we've all heard stories about entrepreneurs, whether they're Chinese or American.And the environments that produced the success stories all seem to have four basic things in common: One, they encourage free thinking; Two, there is easyaccess to information and capital(资金); Three, they welcome collaboration; Four, they tolerate failure.

我觉得企业创业精神是很重要的，不管是中国美国人都一样的，需要四个基本的素质，首先他们是开放的思路，第二很快得到资金和信息，第三欢迎合作，第四他们能承受失败。

We all need to empower the entrepreneur. We all need more Jack Mas. Although cultures may be different around the world, the entrepreneurial spirit and drive for success is the same wherever you go and we need to protect that. Entrepreneurs require an appetite for risk, capital to fuel their aspirations(愿望), a collaborative environment and respect for the power of ideas. Look at Jack Ma; he took a basic idea and expanded it, he transformed the economic model and created opportunities for millions of new businessmen, not just here in China but around the world.

我们都需要推动企业家精神，我们需要更多的马云，可能世界各地文化不同，但是企业家精神是成功的关键，而这种企业家精神在全球各地都是一样的。当然作为企业家，他要有冒险精神，需要有合作精神，并且尊重创意，看一下马云吧，他把一个基础的想法转变成了经济的模型，而且为很多的中小商人创造了巨大的商机，不仅是对中国，对全球的中小企业和商人都创造了伟大的机会。

We are all helping to define a new tomorrow for the U.S.-China relationship, the most important relationship today in the world. Just like our leaders did 40 years ago in Hangzhou.Their decisions were almost exclusively about Big Balance of Power politics.Today, our discussions should be about enhancing the quality of life for our citizens, finding cures for human diseases, developing new ways to power our economy and building bridges only made possible by innovators, dreamers and creators …people just like you.I have high hopes, and am terribly optimistic, for our future…Entrepreneurs of the world, it is time to unite!

我们都在一起为中美关系的未来创造更好的环境，这是全球最重要的两个大国的关系了。40年前美国也有人来到中国讲到了可能是两大大国之间的平衡，但是现在我们讲的是为我们的人民的生活品质的提高作贡献。对我们的经济寻找新的方向，建立起桥梁，这种桥梁使得我们创新的企业家和梦想者能够取得更大的成功，我对未来充满的信心，企业家的精神在全球各地都需要联合起来，全世界的企业家团结起来。