5) 6) 7) 8)

survival proposal disposal approval

Grammar in Context

1. In Unit 2 and Unit 3 you find the following sentences containing “no matter what”, “whenever” and “whatever.”

Now complete the following sentences by translating the Chinese in the bracket into English, using “no matter what (who, which, how, etc.)” or “whatever (whoever, whichever, however, etc.) .”

▆ Answers for reference:

1) whichever tent you are not using now 2) whoever comes / come first

3) whichever / whatever condition our captain thought was the best 4) Wherever / No matter where I go

5) whatever wishes their child / children expresses/express

6) However disappointed / No matter how disappointed you may feel about the surroundings

/ environment / situation 7) Whoever breaks it

8) whenever he concentrates on a problem

2. The structure “It is…that / who…” is used to achieve emphasis, as shown in the following sentences taken from Text A.

Now correct the mistakes in the following sentences, if any. Write NONE under the correct sentence(s).

▆ Answers for reference:

1) It is not luck but hard work that led him to today’s success. 2) Prof. Moen argues that it is energy that makes the world go round.

3) It was not until he had proved he was honest that he won the family’s trust. 4) It was clearly the headmaster himself who/that opened the door for me. 5) NONE

Cloze

Complete the following passage with words and phrases chosen from Text A. The initial letter of each target word is given.

▆ Answers:

17) classical 18) notion 19) utility 20) ground 21) occurs 22) goodness 23) as to 24) possesses 25) bound

26) 27) 28) 29)

mirror virtuous commitment

moral excellence

Translation

1. Translate the following sentences into English, using the words and expressions given in brackets.

▆ Answers for reference:

16) The friendship grounded on common / shared interest does not break up easily. / It is

not easy for the friendship grounded on common / shared interest to break up.

17) Children must learn to distinguish between violence and bravery / courage in computer

games.

18) There spring up so many new things every day in the world that it is no longer sensible

to expect a person to know / keep track of everything.

19) Laws do not regulate such things as betrayal to friends; that is why there is what we

call / is called “the court of morality”. 20) Today’s culture is described as “fast-food culture”. Whatever they may be / are doing,

people just pursue the greatest / maximum satisfaction within the shortest time. 21) As the saying goes, there is no such thing as a free lunch. If you want something, go

and earn / work for it.

a) Translate the following paragraph into English using the words and expressions in the box below.

▆ Answers for reference:

As is commonly acknowledged / It is commonly recognised that humans are social animals. Living together in a community, we naturally expect to have friends. As to what friendship is, we have read different definitions given by Aristotle, an ancient Greek philosopher, and Cicero, a Roman statesman. No one will deny that some people make friends simply for mutual utility. Once the ground for such friendship disappears, the friendship also breaks up. However, a lot more people long for “soul pals”— those who possess virtues and with whom we can go through trials and tribulations together. Such friendships keep us away from greed and violence and inspire us to have the courage of our convictions. Such is what we call “true friendship”. It is with such friends’ company that we find ourselves surpassing our old selves and becoming better persons / people.

Theme-Related Writing

Do either of the following two tasks after class.

1. Suppose you were Jimmy Wells in Text B. Write about your friendship with Bob from childhood to the moment when Bob was arrested. You may follow the chronological sequence of events or use flashback — a narrative technique that allows a writer to present past events during current events. Be sure to include both facts and opinions in your writing. 2. Write about one of your close friends according to the outline given below.

1) a brief introduction of the friend

2) the reason(s) why you have become friends

3) the influence of the friendship upon your life

▆ Sample essay for task 1:

Bob and I became brother-like friends in our childhood. We played, dined and discussed our ambitions together. Once grown up, he started for the West to make his fortune while I became a policeman in New York. Before his departure, we had dinner together and we agreed that we would meet at the same place exactly twenty years from that date and time, no matter what our conditions might be or from what distance we might have to come.

Then came the day we were supposed to meet. I was on my beat then. Walking up to the appointed place which had been turned into a hardware store, I saw a man standing there with an unlighted cigar in his mouth. Before I could speak, he told me that he was waiting for a friend by the name of Jimmy Wells. When he struck a match to light his cigar, I saw a pale face with keen eyes and a scar. I recognized him immediately. It was Bob, and it was also the face of the man wanted by the Chicago Police. For a moment I felt like telling him to escape right away. After all, we had been friends for so many years and he had traveled all the way to see me! But then my sense of duty told me the right thing to do. I said good-bye to him and continued my patrol, his last words still ringing in my ear: “I’ll wait for half an hour. Jimmy will keep his promise if he’s alive…” I then sent for a plain clothes man and had Bob arrested.（270 words）

▆ Sample essay for task 2:

An Important Friend in My Life

Li Qiang, one of my classmates, is fun to be with. He is always wearing a broad smile as if life is forever “sunshine and butterflies.” One day, I revealed to him my worries and anxieties: I, an ordinary-looking girl, was 177 centimeters tall, even taller than any of the boys in my class. I thought no boy would like to date me. Besides, I was very poor at my academic courses.

He suggested that I should learn to be myself and then he introduced me to a fashion show team of the university. Encouraged, I decided to change myself. After a 3-month training program on weekends, I could perform beautifully as a model, and surprisingly, I could concentrate on the required academic courses as well. The applauses I won at each fashion show and the scholarship I earned proved that being myself was terrific. Since then, my life has changed a lot. Thus, Li Qiang became an important friend of mine.

Last semester, we began to help young people who suffer pressures from physical defects, academic failures or financial problems. We set up a Confidence Club. Those who come to us for help find our work definitely beneficial. Our friendship has led me into a sparkling, rewarding life. (209 words)

Unit Four Sports

Enhance Your Language Awareness

Words in Action

▇ Working with Words and Expressions

1. In the boxes below are some of the words you have learned in this unit. Complete the following sentences with them. Change the form where necessary.

▇ Answers: 1) narrowly 2) proceeded 3) features 4) crawl 5) spun 6) flashed 7) qualify 8) Despite 9) congratulate 10) consultant 11) compete 12) disciplined 13) confessed 14) tripped

2. In the boxes below are some of the expressions you have learned in this unit. Do you know how to use them in the proper context? Now check for yourself by doing the blank-filling exercise. Change the form where necessary.

▇ Answers: 1) kind of 2) are in for 3) came in

4) rose to their feet 5) brought up

6) made … a fool of herself 7) under wraps

8) get hot under the collar 9) looked the part 10) in an emergency 11) has had her eye on 12) is … taking shape 13) bring out