figure of speech is called metonymy (转喻). Beijing；the White House; the Crown; The pen is mightier than the sword. 文胜于武

He succeeded by the sweat of his brow. He is too fond of the bottle. 贪杯 What is learned in the cradle is carried to the grave.

2．...I had to admit that instead of spending that sum upon bread and butter, rent, shoes, and stockings, or butcher‘s bills…

bread and butter: used figuratively to mean food and the most important and basic things.

e.g. bread-and-butter issues such as jobs and housing

This kind of figure of speech is called synecdoche (提喻). 借代 e.g. All hands were summoned to the quarter-deck (后甲板). They braved the waves to protect their fatherland.

Are there no roofs in this town that will harbor an honorable man? Brandish (挥舞) your steel, men.

Lesson8

Unit Eight The Merely Very Good

Oppenheimer Dirac Spender Auden

A. Translation 1. The Merely Very Good. 译文: 仅仅一流 一流而已 一流人物而已

2. …And I was conscious of his superiority in a way which was embarrassing and led to trouble. (2.10) ？

译文：我知道他比我强/他很高明，但这样表现出来不仅令人尴尬，而且惹出麻烦。

3. The two young men became friends, insofar as one could have a friendship with Dirac.

Insofar as: to the extent that, to the degree that, because, since, in that Insofar as I can say now, I shall come. 目前我只能说我将会来。

Insofar as possible, our examples will be drawn from Chinese. 在可能范围内, 例证均引自汉语。

13

译文：他和狄拉克成了朋友，但也只是一定份上的朋友而已，狄拉克就是这样。

4. While Oppenheimer was interrupting Born‘s seminars, announcing that He could do calculations better in the quantum theory, Dirac, only two years older, had invented the subject. (3.9) Invented the subject: ? 译文：缔造了这一学科

5. Auden‘s Dirac-like lucidity, the sheer wonder of language, and the sense of fun about serious things. (4.16)

（1）lucidity: being lucid; being easily understood 译文：

奥登那狄拉克式的简洁明快，纯粹的语言魅力，寓谐于庄的幽默感

6．Spender also does not seem to have remarked on Oppenheimer‘s eyes, which had a kind of wary luminescence. Siamese cats make a similar expression. (6.8) （1）wary: cautious and alert

(2) luminescence: light emission without heat: the emission of light produced by means other than heat incandescence,e.g. by phosphorescence, fluorescence, or bioluminescence 译文：他的眼睛带有一种警觉而冷冷的目光。这种目光也可以在暹罗猫身上找到。（教参）

B. Vocabulary

1. Early in 1981 I received an invitation to give a lecture at a writer‘s conference…(1.1)

（1）invitation: 邀请函，请帖 Eg. How to write an invitation Other examples？ (2) lecture: 演讲，讲座

Collocation: give/deliver a lecture

2. As I recall, the honorarium offered would have barely covered the expense. (1.8) (1) honorarium: A payment given to a professional person for services for which fees are not legally or traditionally required. 辨析 Stipend Compensation Damages Bonus

Commission Pension Allowance Subsidy Grant Scholarship rate

14

fare perk

(2) cover: to be sufficient to meet the charge or cost of 扩展：cover an attempted assassination ? Coverage

3. After Oppenheimer graduated from Harvard in 1925, he was awarded a fellowship to study in Europe. (2.3-4)

(1) fellowship: The financial grant made to a fellow in a college or university. 比较：fellow：researcher 研究员

Fulbright fellow 富布赖特研究员 Fulbright Scholar 富布赖特学者 背景：富布赖特项目是美国在全球范围内开展的,有良好声誉的大规模国际合作交流项目.该项目创建于1946年,以其倡议者前美国参议员富布赖特命名,旨在通过教育和文化交流来促进国家间的相互了解.目前,约有来自140多个国家的25,5000人参与了此项目.

中国是最早参与富布赖特项目的国家之一.中美富布赖特项目是根据两国政府协议,由中国教育部和美国国务院共同负责管理的国家项目.该项目由美国驻华大使馆和中国国家留学基金管理委员会共同实施.目前,中美富布赖特项目每年资助大约50名美国学者来华讲学和50名中国学者赴美研修.

4. Following a very happy time in England, where he seems to have had a sort of nervous breakdown, he went to Germany to get his Ph.D.

(1) breakdown: a sudden physical or psychological collapse 崩溃 扩充：break down

She broke down on the way to prison.

The car broke down on the way to prison. Outbreak: A sudden eruption 突然爆发

an outbreak of influenza

5. In my ordinary seminar on quantum mechanics, he used to interrupt the speaker, whoever it was, not excluding myself, and to step to the blackboard… (2.11) (1) seminar:

扩充：colloquium, forum, workshop, discussion group，symposium Fortune Forum

6. The next year, Dirac came as a visitor to Gottingen and, as it happened, roomed in the large house of a physician named Cario where Oppenheimer also had a room. (1) room: to occupy a room, lodge 寄宿，住 名词动用:

a.表示物件的名词

book,chair,pin,seat,map,picture,pencil,bag,bottle,pocket b.表示身体部位的名词

15

hand,back,head,shoulder,finger,nose, eye

c.表示某类人的名词：

fool,nurse,host,doctor, man,soldier, officer,father,

d.其它实物名词：

house,room,bridge,flower,floor, dust

e: 抽象名词：

winter,battle,hunger,anger,time,number

7. This must have had a profound effect on Oppenheimer. Collocation: profound effect/influence/impact Other examples: 开支票

创造奇迹 make wonder （wrong） Work wonder 取得成就 record achievement 好票 good seat

衣食住行 food, clothing, shelter, transportation

8. It was a gutsy thing to do. (4.6) (1) gutsy: (informal) courageous 扩充:

Guts: (slang) courage or boldness He has no guts. 他没种。 He is a chicken.=coward Chick=girl Chick movie 9.…she might have a chance to talk with other people who were in the same boat. (1) in the same boat: in the same situation as another or others 比较：同病相怜 同舟共济 An old saying:

Those in the same boat should row together 同舟应共济

我们应该同舟共济

As we are in the same boat, we should row together. Those in the s

10. I was so struck by the fact that, like Oppenheimer, Spender seemed ―unfocused‖. (4.20)

(1) strike: impress

He strikes me as sissy. C．Sentences

1. Oppenheimer allowed one to fill in the rest of the sentence. (3. line 3 from the bottom)

16