D

While many of us may have been away somewhere nice last summer, few would say that we’ve “summered.” “Summer” is clearly a noun, more precisely, a verbed noun.

Way back in our childhood, we all learned the difference between a noun and a verb. With such a tidy definition, it was easy to spot the difference. Not so in adulthood, where we are expected to “foot” bills, “chair” committees, and “dialogue” with political opponents. Chances are you didn’t feel uncomfortable about the sight of those verbed nouns.

“The verbing of nouns is as old as the English language,” says Patricia O’Conner, a former editor at The New York Times Book Review. Experts estimate that 20 percent of all English verbs were originally nouns. And the phenomenon seems to be snowballing. Since 1900, about 40 percent of all new verbs have come from nouns.

Even though conversion (转化) is quite universal, plenty of grammarians object to the practice. William Strunk Jr. and E.B.White, in The Elements of Style — the Bible for the use of American English — have this to say: “Many nouns lately have been pressed into service as verbs. Not all are bad, but all are suspect.” The Chicago Manual of Style takes a similar standpoint, advising writers to use verbs with great care.

“Sometimes people object to a new verb because they resist what is unfamiliar to them,” says O’Conner. That’s why we’re comfortable “hosting” a party, but we might feel upset by the thought of “medaling” in sports. So are there any rules for verbing? Benjamin Dreyer, copy chief at Random House, doesn’t offer a rule, but suggests that people think twice about “verbifying” a noun if it’s easily replaceable by an already existing popular verb. Make sure it’s descriptive but not silly-sounding, he says.

In the end, however, style is subjective. Easy conversion of nouns to verbs has been part of English grammar for centuries; it is one of the processes that make English “English.” Not every coinage (新创的词语) passes into general use, but as for trying to end verbing altogether, forget it. 32. What can we learn about the verbing of nouns?

A. It hasn’t recently been opposed by many grammarians.

B. It is more commonly accepted by children than adults. C. It hasn’t been a rare phenomenon in the past century. D. It is easily replaced by existing verbs in practice

33. What is most leading experts’ attitude towards the practice of the verbing of nouns?

A. Cautious. B. Satisfied. C. Disappointed. D. Unconcerned. 34.What does the author think of ending the verbing of nouns?

A. Predictable. B. Practicable. C. Approaching. D. Impossible. 35. What is the best title for the text?

A. Are 40 Percent of all new verbs from nouns？ B. Are Summering and Medaling Annoying?

C. Are You Comfortable about a New Verb? D. Are There Any Rules for Verbing?

第二节（共5小题；每小题2分，满分10分）

根据短文内容，从短文后的选项中选出能填入空白处的最佳选项。选项中有两项为多余选项。 Most Americans love Chinese food. However, the Chinese food served in most American restaurants is very different from the authentic cuisine enjoyed daily by people living in China. 36 Then many Chinese immigrants had trouble landing a job in America. To make a living, some of them opened restaurants. Over these years, Chinese cuisine has been adapted to reflect Western influences.

37 The Chinese food found in Western restaurants is mainly cooked through frying. Many dishes are cooked using various frying methods. However, traditional Chinese food is rarely cooked through frying. Instead, methods such as baking, steaming, boiling and fermenting (发酵) are more commonly used.

Another big difference between authentic and westernized Chinese food is the ingredients used. 38 Some ingredients — like carrots, onions and tomatoes — are not often used in authentic Chinese cooking. In addition, while you can find some Western cuisines that use strange meats — like pig ears — most Western cultures are pretty conservative about the meats they consume. Authentic Chinese food, in

contrast, uses a wider variety of protein sources, including tofu, snake, chicken feet, duck blood and many more that Westerners generally wouldn’t choose to eat.

39 Sweet and Sour Chicken, for example, has no equivalent（同等物）in traditional Chinese cuisine. Similarly, the fortune cookie is a completely American invention.

Indeed, there are numerous differences between authentic and westernized Chinese cuisine, but Western palates (味觉) adapt to new flavors easily. 40 A. The history of westernized Chinese food started in the mid-1800s.

B. Westernized Chinese food features vegetables that are common in Western cuisines. C. There are so many regions of China, and they all prepare their dishes a little bit differently. D. So it may only be a matter of time before authentic Chinese food becomes popular in America. E. Many of the most popular Chinese dishes in the West are not served in Chinese restaurants at all. F. Deep frying food is quick, which is why you can usually get your Chinese food in just a few minutes. G. One of the main differences between authentic and westernized Chinese food lies in cooking methods. 第三部分 英语知识运用（共两节，满分45分） 第一节 完形填空（共20小题；每小题1.5分，满分30分）

阅读下面短文，从短文后各题所给的四个选项（A、B、C和D）中，选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项，并在答题卡上将该项涂黑。

William Butler Yeats, a most famous Irish writer, was born in Dublin in 1865. His childhood 41 the harmony that was 42 of a happy family. Later, Yeats shocked his family by saying that he remembered “little of childhood but its pain”. In fact, he inherited(继承) excellent taste in 43 from his family — both his father and his brother were painters. But he finally 44 literature, 45 drama and poetry.

Yeats had strong 46 in the coming of new artistic movements. He set himself the 47 task in founding an Irish national theatre in the late 1890s. His early theatrical experiments, 48 , were not received 49 at the beginning. He didn’t lose heart, and finally enjoyed 50 in his poetical drama.

51 with his dramatic works, Yeats’s poems attract much 52 notice. The subject matter

includes love, nature, history, time and aging. Though Yeats generally relied on very traditional forms, he brought modern sensibility to them. As his literary life 53 , his poetry grew finer and richer, which led him to worldwide 54 .

He had not 55 a major public life 56 winning the Nobel Prize in 1923. Yet, he 57 writing almost to the end of his life. Had Yeats stopped writing at age 40, he would probably now be 58 as a minor poet, for there is no other example in literary history of a poet who 59 his greatest works between the ages of 50 and 75. After Yeats’s death in 1939, W.H.Auden wrote, among others, the following lines:

Earth, receive an 60 guest: William Yeats is laid to rest. Let the Irish vessel (船) lie. Emptied of its poetry. 41. A. held 42. A. typical 43. A. art 44. A. carried on 45. A. regularly 46. A. desire 47. A. fresh 48. A. therefore 49. A. possibly 50. A. failure 51. A. Connected 52. A. admiring 53. A. finished 54. A. praise

B. lacked B. special B. poetry B. decided on B. instantly B. energy B. stupid B. however B. honorably B. fame B. Occupied B. amusing B. produced B. spread

C. expected C. awkward C. drama C. put on C. particularly C. access C. small C. besides C. favorably C. pleasure C. Compared C. amazing C. created C. recognition

D. desired D. capable D. literature D. based on D. finally D. faith D. difficult D. otherwise D. doubtfully D. success D. Tired D. envying D. progressed D. assessment