can be taken to plan the piece of writing so that it is finally organized into some sort logical(逻辑的)order of events or 18 .When we speak,however,we normally have very 19 time to plan what we intend to say. 20 ,we may begin speaking 21 we have decided what to say.Our thoughts are then expressed out in 22 a logical order.Since we are actually 23 our listeners face to face we may leave out some of the information we believe our listeners share. 24 the more familiar we are with our listeners,the more information we are likely to leave out.In any 25 they can always stop and ask a question or ask for some explanation if we have left out too much.A reader,however,cannot do 26 but can at least try to understand at his own speed; 27 he can stop and go backwards or forwards, 28 to a dictionary or just stop and rest.When we listen we may have to work hard to sort out the speaker’s 29 by referring backwards and forwards while the speaker continues.As the speaker struggles to organize his thoughts,he will use filler phrases to give himself time to plan. 30 these fillers,he will still make mistakes and repeat what he has already said.His speech will be characterized 31 a limited range(范围)of grammatical patterns and vocabulary and the use of idioms to 32 some general meaning quickly.It should be clear,then,that the listener has to take an active 33 in the process(过程)by ignoring the speaker’s repetitions and mistakes,and by seeking out the main idea information through recall and prediction.To keep the process going 34 they also have to tell the speaker that they have understood 35 actually interrupting.

16.A.However B.Since C.Although D.Unless

解析：“既然”作者不知道谁是其作品的读者，因此作者写作时应该“尽量”做到越清楚越好。

答案:B

17.A.attempt B.intend C.pretend D.expect 答案:A

18.A.actors B.characters C.accidents D.ideas

解析：ideas与events(事件)相对应。 答案:D

19.A.few B.much C.little D.enough

解析：由前一句句意however可知此处意为“我们很少有时间计划我们要说什么”。 答案:C

20.A.Then B.Indeed C.Thus D.Soon 解析：“实际上”，我们(往往)还没有“决定”说什么，也许已经开始了。 答案:B

21.A.before B.after C.until D.because

解析：before此处意为“还没有来得及……”。 答案:A

22.A.nothing but B.nothing like C.anything but D.anything like

解析：nothing but意思是“仅仅”，而anything but意思是“决不”。 答案:C

23.A.appearing B.speaking C.persuading D.addressing

解析：此处address是及物动词，意思是“向……讲话”。 答案:D

24.A.And B.But C.Besides D.Nevertheless

解析：本句与上句是并列关系，故A项符合语境。 答案:A

25.A.case B.state C.condition D.affair

解析：in any case是固定短语，意思是“无论如何，总之”。 答案:A

26.A.such B.himself C.this D.itself

解析：this此处指上文提到的ask a question or ask for some explanation。 答案:C

27.A.in general B.in a word C.on the contrary D.that is to say

解析：因本分句是对前一句的解释，故D项符合语境。 答案:D

28.A.go B.prefer C.come D.refer

解析：refer to是固定短语，意思是“查阅，参考”。 答案:D

29.A.thoughts B.consideration C.imagination D.mistakes

解析：由下句的his thoughts得到启示。 答案:A

30.A.Instead of B.In spite of C.Because of D.In view of

解析：“尽管”讲话人讲话时会使用一些停顿语(filler)，他仍然会犯错误……

答案:B

31.A.at B.on C.by D.with

解析：be characterized by...为固定用法，意思是“具有……的特征”。 答案:C

32.A.speak B.express C.discuss D.say

解析：此处express意为“表达(感情、思想)”。 答案:B

33.A.role B.duty C.part D.attitude

解析：take a(n)(active)part in是固定短语，意思是“(积极)参与”。 答案:C

34.A.regularly B.openly C.peacefully D.smoothly

解析：regularly有规律地；peacefully和平地；openly公开地；smoothly顺利地。 答案:D

35.A.without B.except C.considering D.regarding

解析：本文结尾处意思是:为了整个说话过程的顺利进行，听者应该在不打断说话者的前提下表示听懂话语。 答案:A Ⅲ.阅读理解

阅读下面短文，从每题所给的四个选项(A、B、C和D)中，选出最佳答案。 YOU CAN HELP!

Everyone was born with his own built-in burglar(窃贼) alarm.It’s called the sense of sight and sound.Unfortunately,many of us go around with the alarm