专题2 代词和介词 下载本文

受处罚 注:it指物与one的区别:两者都可代替前面提到的事物,it指的是前面已提到的事物本身,此时it等于“the/this/that/my,…+名词”;one指的是与前面提到的事物为同一类,相当于“a/an+名词”。如:

I’ve lost my pen. I haven’t found it and will have to buy one.我的钢笔丢了,没找到,我得再买一枝。

2.it用作形式主语和形式宾语 用法 例句 It is none of your business what other people 形①当不定式、动词-ing形式或从句式作主语时,为避免头重脚轻,通常在句think about you.别人怎么看你,这跟你没关系。主首使用it作形式主语,把真正的主语放(高考例句) 语 在句尾。 ②it用作动词look, appear, It looks like the weather is changing for the seem,happen, occur, follow等的主语(后worse.看来天气越来越坏。(高考例句) 接that或as if从句)。 ③当系表结构后接有if或when引It would be great if you could do me a favor.导状语从句时,通常在系表结构前用形你要是能帮我个忙就太好了。 式主语it表示说话人对某情况的看法。 ④it用于其他固定句型,如if it were not for…(要不是因为……), it’s time that…(该……了)等。 形①用在“动词+it+宾补+不定式(短He has made it a rule to set aside half an 式语)、动名词(短语)或从句”中(常见动词:hour every day for some exercise.他习惯了每天宾think, make, find, consider, feel, suppose锻炼半小时。 语 等:宾补为形容词或名词)。 I found it surprising that most employees were absent.我惊讶地发现,大多数员工都不在场。 ②介词后面不能直接跟that从句作You may depend on it that he’ll turn up in 宾语,此时就在介词后面用it作形式宾time.你可以相信他会按时赶到的。 语,而把真正的宾语放在句尾。 We owe it to you that there wasn’t a serious accident.多亏了你才没有发生严重事故。

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③有的动词只能作及物动词,而后I hate it when I have to speak with my 面要接if从句或when从句时,通常在mouth full of food.有时候,非得让我含着饭菜及物动词后接it作形式宾语 ④动词+it+介词短语+that从句。说话,我很讨厌。 I owe it to you that I finished all my work on 如:bring it to one’s attention that; owe it time.多亏有你我才及时完成了工作。 to sb. that; leave it to sb. that; take it for granted that; keep it in mind that等。 3.it用于强调结构it be…that:it is (was) +强调部分+that / who+其他(题干是现在时就用it is…that,题干为过去时则用it was…that。

如:

It was my brother who/that telephoned me yesterday. 昨天是我弟弟给我打来电话。 It was not until 1920 that regular radio broadcasts began. 直到1920年无线电广播节目才开始定期播出。

强调句的疑问句:

1)一般疑问句:Is/Was it…that…?如:

Was it in this room that the meeting was held?会议是在这个房间召开的吗? 2)特殊疑问句:用疑问词What/Who/Where/How/When等+is/was it that?如: Where was it that the meeting was held?会议是在哪个房间召开的?

【典例1】(2014·山东)Susan made______ clear to me that she wished to make a new life for herself.

A. that B. this C. it D. her

解析:句意:苏珊清楚地跟我表明,她希望为自己创造新的生活。分析句子结构可以看出,谓语made后面接了that引导的宾语从句以及宾语补足语clear,为保持句子结构的平衡,这里将宾语从句放在了句尾,因此本空需要代词it作形式宾语,因此选C。

答案:C

【典例2】(2014·陕西)I’d appreciate ________ if you could let me know in advance whether or not you will come.

A. it B. you C. one D. this

解析:句意:如果你能提前让我知道你是否会来,我将十分感激。I’d appreciate it if...是固定句式,表示“如果……我将不甚感激”,及物动词appreciate需要宾语,因此这里用it在句中作宾语。

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答案:A

【技巧点拨】it用于模糊指代

在有些固定搭配中,由于结构的需要常用it表示模糊指代,如:

1.在appreciate、hate、like等动词后面接when、how、if等引导的从句时,用it作这些动词的宾语,后面再接状语从句。如:

I hate it if someone wakes me up in the middle of my sleep.假如我在睡觉的时候有人把我弄醒了,我会很厌恶的。

2.有些短语或固定表达中用it表示模糊指代,如: Take it easy.不要紧张。 You can make it.你能行。

I can’t help it if he is always late.如果他总是迟到,我也没办法。

◇考点3其他代词的用法

【基础知识梳理】

1.人称代词的宾格在简略答语中的使用 2.形容词性物主代词和名词性物主代词的用法 3.it, that, one, ones,those等替代词的用法 4.each, every, any的用法 【核心考点讲练】 1.人称代词

1)当说话者不清楚或不必要知道说话对象的性别时,可以用it来表示。如:

Someone is knocking at the door. Tom, please go and see who it is.有人在敲门。Tom,你去看看是谁。

2)在简略答语中,或在没有谓语动词的句子中,常用人称代词的宾格作答。如: —Glad to meet you.见到你很高兴。 —Me,too.见到你我也很高兴。

3)any、some、no、every与one,body构成的不定代词如everyone,nobody,其代词形式用he/she或they,以及相对应的代词形式。如:

If anyone arrives late,they’ll(he or she will) have to wait outside.谁要是迟到,他就得在外面等着。

2. 物主代词

物主代词即人称代词的所有格形式,它可分为形容词性物主代词(my, your, his, her, its,

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our, their)和名词性物主代词(mine,yours,his,hers,its,ours,theirs)。

形容词性物主代词相当于形容词,只能作名词或动名词的定语。如: —Has your sister finished her composition yet?你姐姐的作文完成了吗?

—I have no idea. She was writing it this morning. 我不知道呢。她今天早上还在写。 Would you mind my/me opening the window? 你介意我开窗户吗?(作动名词的逻辑主语,构成动名词的复合结构)

名词性物主代词相当于“形容词性物主代词+名词”,可单独作主语、宾语、表语。此外,名词性物主代词还可与名词及of连用,构成双重所有格,即:a/an/this/that/these/those/ some/ any/several/no/each/every/such/another/which+名词+of+名词性物主代词。如:

This is her coat.Mine is over there.这是她的大衣。我的(大衣)在那边。

I had planned to see a friend of mine, but in the end I stayed at home doing nothing.我本打算去看一个朋友的,可是最后却待在家里啥也没做。

3. 反身代词

1)当宾语与句子主语是同一个人或物时,宾语用反身代词表示“某人自己”,还可作表语、介词宾语和同位语。

If you keep on doing things this way, you might hurt yourself.假如你继续这样做事,你会伤着自己的。

I hope he can manage it himself.希望他自己就能应对。 2)含有反身代词的惯用语 (1)与介词连用

Left alone in the large house, the little boy had to learn to survive by himself. (单独地、独自地)

You’ll have to see if he has gone to the school for yourself.(亲自) The computer can shut off of itself.(自动地)

Jim is not bad in himself,but he is a little shy.(本质上)

He was beside himself with joy when he heard he had passed the exam.(=almost mad with anger/excitement,etc.(由于气愤、激动等而)发狂、忘形

2)与使役动词及其他动词连用 absent oneself缺课/缺勤 apply oneself to专心致志于 adapt oneself to适应于

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