基于PLC的变频调速电梯系统控制设计
摘 要
电梯是高层建筑不可缺少的垂直方向的交通运输工具。随着电梯拖动技术、控制技术的快速发展，电梯已从直流电动机拖动到交流单速电动机驱动、交流双速电动机驱动，到交流调压调速(ACVV，Alternating Current Voltage)控制，发展到交流调压调频技术(VVVF，Variable Voltage Variable Frequency)控制，其逻辑控制也由PLC代替原来的继电器控制，使得电梯运行的可靠性、安全性、舒适感、平层精度、运行速度、节能降耗、降低噪音等方面得到了极大的发展。新制造的电梯都采用了对电动机实现线性调速的调压调频(VVVF，Variable Voltage Variable Frequency)技术，由于VVVF电梯采用微机控制，有完善的自检测、自诊断、自保护功能，因而十分安全可靠。
在研究电梯基本结构的基础上，阐述了电梯的拖动原理和控制原理，研究并提出了基于可编程控制器PLC和变频器的电梯控制系统的实现方案，利用安川VS-616G5型变频器可编制速度曲线的特点为电梯舒适度的提高，提供了技术支持。通过合理分析所得速度控制曲线既可以满足快速性的要求又避免了重力加速度效应，旋转编码器的使用，使PLC的内部的资源和功能得到了充分的利用。采用PLC对电梯信号系统进行控制，提高了电梯的控制水平，并改善了电梯运行的舒适感，使电梯达到了较为理想的控制效果。
关键词：PLC控制；变频调速；模块化；电梯
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Design of Variable Voltage Variable Frequency elevator control system based on PLC
Abstract
The elevator is a necessary vehicle for high-building’s perpendicular transportation．Along with the rapid developing of drag and control technique，the elevator has been developed from the DC motor drive to the AC single speed and AC double speed motor drive，till the AC variable voltage(ACVV)control and then till the variable voltage variable frequency(VVVF) control．It’s logic control also has been replaced by PLC from control-relay,which leads to the great progress of the elevator’s reliability, security, comfort,floor prec ision，lifting speed，power saving and noise preventing．New-made elevators all have employed the VVVF so that they work quite safely and reliably,cause which use micro-computer controlling so that there are some merits following：perfect self-test，self-diagnostics，self-protect．
In this thesis it has studied and proposed the implementation project of elevator’s VVVF control system based on PLC and transducer．This thesis has been supported technically by the merit of compiling speed curve using ANCHUAN VS-616．Analyzing reasonably the curve which can not only meets the claiming of rapidity but also avoids the effect from acceleration of gravity．And the interior resource and function can be fully utilized using the rotary encoder．It has been developed a complete elevator control software in this thesis,having raised the elevator’s controlling level,improved the cozy feeling，so the effect of control comes more ideally．
Keywords：PLC control；Frequency Conversion；Modularization；Elevator；
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目 录
摘要 ······························································································· V
Abstract································································· 错误！未定义书签。 1 绪论 ····························································································· 1 1.1 课题的研究背景 ··········································································· 1 1.2 电梯的国内外发展状况 ·································································· 2 1.3 PLC在电梯控制中的应用以及发展前景 ············································· 3 1.4 PLC控制系统与继电器控制系统的比较 ············································· 5 1.5 PLC控制系统与计算机控制系统的比较 ············································· 6 1.6 设计主要内容 ·············································································· 6 2 电梯的概述 ···················································································· 7 2.1 电梯的基本结构 ··········································································· 7 2.2 电梯的种类 ················································································· 9 2.3 电梯的主要参数及性能指标 ·························································· 11 2.3.1 主要参数 ························································ 错误！未定义书签。 2.3.2 性能指标 ························································ 错误！未定义书签。 3 控制系统的组成 ··················································· 错误！未定义书签。 3.1 PLC控制系统组成 ··············································· 错误！未定义书签。 3.1.1 硬件的组成 ····················································· 错误！未定义书签。 3.1.2 软件的组成 ····················································· 错误！未定义书签。 3.2 PLC控制系统抗干扰措施 ······································ 错误！未定义书签。 3.2.1 PLC控制系统的安装和使用环境 ·························· 错误！未定义书签。 3.2.2 PLC的电源与接地 PLC ····································· 错误！未定义书签。 3.2.3 PLC的输入、输出设备 ······································ 错误！未定义书签。 3.2.4 软件抗干扰措施 ··············································· 错误！未定义书签。 3.2.5 利用“看门狗”方法对系统的运动状态进行监控 ········ 错误！未定义书签。 3.2.6 消抖 ······················································································ 18 3.2.7 用软件数字滤波的方法提高输入信号的信噪比 ································ 18
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3.3 输入输出（I/O）点数的估算 ························································· 18 3.4 变频器的选择 ············································································ 19 3.4.1 通用变频器 ············································································· 19 3.4.2 安川VS-616G5型变频器 ··························································· 20 4 四层楼电梯控制系统设计 ······································· 错误！未定义书签。 4.1 电梯控制系统模拟面板图 ····································· 错误！未定义书签。 4.2 电动机控制电路图 ·············································· 错误！未定义书签。 4.3 PLC外部接线图 ·················································· 错误！未定义书签。 4.4 流程图 ····················································································· 24 4.5 操作原理简要说明 ······································································ 27 4.6 编程元件明细表 ········································································· 27 4.7 梯形图及注释 ············································································ 28 4.7.1 电梯初始控制 ·········································································· 28 4.7.2 报警器及超重控制 ···································································· 28 4.7.3 内指令信号的登记与消除 ··························································· 29 4.7.4 电梯选层定向辅助 ············································ 错误！未定义书签。 4.7.5 外召唤信号的登记与消除 ··························································· 32 4.7.6 电梯开关门 ············································································· 33 4.7.7 电梯指层控制 ·········································································· 35 结论 ······························································································ 37 致谢 ······························································································ 38 参考文献 ························································································ 39
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