I haven’t ever spoken to her. = I have never spoken to her. 我从未跟她讲过话。
★just意为―刚刚, 用于现在完成时, 表示行为刚刚过去, 位于助动词与过去分词之间。 e.g. He has just come back from school.他刚从学校回来。
★ just now意为―刚才, 表示过去某时, 用于一般过去时, 位于句首或句尾均可。 e.g. He came from school just now.他刚才从学校回来。
★for 和since的用法及区别。for 与一段时间连用，since 与时间点连用。注意：since 后接过去时的时间状语或过去时的句子。
e.g. I have been to Shanghai twice since 1970.
I haven’t seen her since she left Shanghai. I saw Ping Ping six years ago. Since I havenever seen her.
★have/has gone to、have/has been to 和have/has been in的区别。 have/ has gone to 去了,在去某地的路上或在某地, 人还未回来 have/ has been to 曾经去过, 人已经回来了 have/ has been in 已经在, 常与一段时间连用
e.g. She has been to Shanghai before. 她以前曾去过上海。
She has been in Shanghai for ten years. 她在上海10年了。
Has he gone to Qingdao? 他去青岛了吗？但不能说 Have you gone to Qingdao?
2）、现在完成时还可用来表示过去发生的动作一直延续到现在，常带有for或since 等表示一段时间的状语。
如：Mr Wang has lived here since 1983.
I haven’t seen much of him recently (lately). We have seen that film before. Have they found the missing child yet?
3）、现在完成时瞬间动词即终止性动词不能与表示一段时间的状语连用。 常见终止性动词与延续性动词 (或状态动词) 的对应关系如下: come / go / arrive / get / reach / move--- be in/at
open --- be open die --- be dead
close --- be closed become ---be borrow --- keep put on --- wear
buy --- have leave ----- be away (from) begin / start ----- be on fall asleep ---- be asleep
end/finish ----- be over catch a cold ----- have a cold join the army ---- be in the army, be a soldier
join the Party---- be in the Party , be a Party member 例：吉姆买这支已有两年了。
Jim bought this pen two years ago. Jim has had this pen for two years.
Jim has had this pen since two years ago.
Jim has had this pen since 2007
It is two years since Jim bought this pen.
4）.在表示“最近几世纪/ 年/ 月以来……”时间状语中，谓语动词用现在完成时。
in the past few years/months/weeks/days；over the past few years; during the last three months; for the last few centuries, through centuries; throughout history 等
5）.表示“第几次做某事，”或在 “It is the best (worst, most interesting ) +名词 ＋that” 后面跟现在完成时。
例：This is my first time that I have visited China. This is the most interesting film I have ever seen.
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That is the only book that he has written.
6）have / has been to + 地点 意为“曾去过某地”，暗含目前已不在该地仅表示当事人的一种经历而已。 have / has gone to + 地点 “到了某地去了”，暗含“已离开原地去了某地”之意，但是否到达了某地尚不确定。
如：He has gone to Shanghai. 他去了上海。
He has been to Shanghai. 他去过了上海。
六．过去完成时 1. 结构：
助动词had＋动词过去分词
2. 用法：
1）、表示在过去某一时间或动作以前已完成的行为或存在的状态。即发生的时间是过去的过去。常与“by the end of/by/before+过去时间”构成的短语连用。 例如：The train had already left before we arrived. He said that he had learned some English before.
By the end of last term, we had learned five English songs.
2）表示在过去某一动作之前就已经发生或完成了的动作；常用when,before,after等引导的从句作为动作发生时间先后的对比，先发生的动作用过去完成时，后发生的动作用一般过去时。 When I got to the railway station, the train had already left. 当我到达火车站时，火车已经开走了
His father had worked in a TV factory for five years before he came here. 爸爸来这之前，在一家电视机厂工作了5年。
3）表示过去未曾实现的计划、愿望等。这种用法中常用的动词为hope, want,plan,wish, expect, think, intend, mean, suppose等。
例如：We had hoped that you would come, but you didn't. 那时我们希望你能来，但是你没有来。 I had thought that all knew about it.我以为他们都知道这件事呢。
七．过去进行时 1. 结构：
was/were+动词的现在分词(--ing)
2.用法：
1）表示过去某一时刻或某一段时间正在进行或发生的动作。动作发生的特指时间常用一个短语或时间状语从句来表明，如：at this time yesterday，at 7:00 yesterday ，last night ,from seven to nine ,at that time以when或while引导的时间状语从句等。 My family were watching TV at that time yesterday. When I arrived,Tom was talking on the phone.
What were you doing at 9:00 o’clock yesterday morning.
注意：（1）以when引导的时间状语从句中，从句动作，主句用过去进行时，表示一个动作发生时， 另一个动作正在进行。
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When he called me , I was having dinner .
（2）以while引导的时间状语从句中，从句与主句的动作在过去某一时刻同时进行，while常 译为“当……的时候，同时”。
Tom was doing his homework while his sister was watching TV .
2）、表移动的动词，如come, go, arrive, leave, start, begin, return等词的过去进行时，可以表示过去将要发生的动作。
例如：She told me that she was going to Hainan for her holiday.
八．过去将来时态 表示过去的某时以后将要发生的动作。但这个\将来\时间绝不会延伸到―现在；而仅限于―过去时间区域内。由此可以看出，含这个时态的句子常带一个表示―过去某个时间点的状语。这个状语或是一个短语，或是一个句子。这个时态常用于：
1.结构
a)would/should+动词原形 b)was/were going to+动词原形
2.用法
1）、表示从过去某时看将要发生的动作或存在的状态。常用于主句是一般过去时的宾语从句或间接引语中。
例如：He said that he would finish his work before 9 o’clock. 他说他会在九点之前完成工作。
When I thought about it , I wondered what their reaction would be . 当我考虑这件事时，我想知道他们的反应是什么。 2）、表示过去的某种习惯性动作，只能用would。
例如：Whenever he has been in trouble, we would give him a hand. 每当他遇到困难时，我们总会伸出援助之手。 3）表示过去情况中的―愿望、―倾向，多用于否定句。
No matter how difficult the work was , he would keep on doing it until he accomplished it . 不管工作有多难，他总会坚持不懈地把它干完。 They knew that we would never permit such a thing. 他们知道我们绝不会允许发生这样的事。
Even after the lecture ended, the audience would not leave . 甚至在讲座结束之后，听众仍不肯离去。 选择
1. The population of the world ____ still ____ now. （2009·甘肃兰州） A. has; grown B. is; growing C. will; grow D. is; grown 2. ---Good evening. I _______ to see Miss Mary. （2009·甘肃兰州） ---Oh, good evening. I’m sorry, but she is not in.
A. have come B. come C. came D. had come 3. — It’s time for dinner. Where is your father, Emma? — He ______ his bike in the yard. （2009·新疆阜康） A. clean B. cleaned C. is cleaning D. will clean 4. If you carefully, you the report well. （2009·广州） A. will listen; will be understood B. will listen; understand C. listen; will understand D. listen; understand
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5. They about eight hundred English words by the end of last term. （2009·广州） A. will learn B. had learned C. are going to learn D. have learned 6. —How did the accident happen? （2009·广州）
—You know, it difficult to see the road clearly because it . A. was; was raining B. is; has rained C. is; is raining D. will be; will rain
7. Attention, please. There a football game between China and Korea this evening. A. is going to be B. has been C. has D. will have 8. —What does your sister like doing in her spare time？
—She watching TV. （2009·湖北武汉）
A. likes B. liked C. has liked D. had liked 9. —When Jessy to New York？ —Yesterday. （2009·湖北武汉）
A. does; get B. did; get C. has; got D. had; got 10. —How clean the bedroom is! （2009·湖北武汉）
—Yes, I am sure that someone it.
A. cleans B. cleaned C. has cleaned D. had cleaned 11. My friend ______ me. I have to leave now. （2009·河北）
A. waits for B. waited for C. is waiting for D. was waiting for 12. Be sure to let Tom know the notice as soon as he ______.（2009·河北） A. will arrive B. was arriving C. arrives D. arrived 13. I ______ the wrong thing. Can I use your eraser? （2009·河北） A. write B. wrote C. am writing D. will write
14. ---Are you going to help John with his Chinese this evening? （2009·山东威海） ---NO, He ______ to England. He will be back next month.
A. returned B. has returned C. returns D. will return 15. ---Who’s won the first prize in the competition? （2009·山东烟台） ---Henry______ . He has ______ it for a week.
A. is, won B. is, got C. has, had D. has, been given 16. ---Is this the place that you ______ ? （2009·四川成都） ---No. I’ve never been there before.
A. have visited B. will visit C. are visiting D.would visit 17. It ______ outside. You’d better take an umbrella with you. （2009·江西） A. rains B. is raining C. rained D. has rained 18. ---Can I help you? （2009·江西）
---I bought this watch here yesterday, but it ______ work. A. won’t B. didn’t C. doesn’t D. wouldn’t
19. I used to love this film when I was young, but I ______ it that way any more. （2009·江苏南京） A. don’t feel B. didn’t feel C. haven’t felt D. hadn’t felt 20. ---How was your trip to the ancient village? （2009·湖北宜昌） ---Fantastic! We ___________to a museum of strange stones. A. go B. went C. are going D. will go 21. —Where is Peter? （2009·湖南娄底）
—He volleyball with his friends in the school gym. A. plays B. played C. is playing D.was playing 22. ---Hello! Can I speak to Mr. White? （2009·江苏无锡）
---Sorry, he isn’t here right now. He ______ to the theme park. A. will go B. was going C. has gone D. has been 23. ---______ you ______ your drawing? （2009·陕西绥德）
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