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\puts them on his shoulders and goes across the border.

Anyway, two weeks later, the man on the bike turns up at the border again, on his bike with two sacks on his shoulders.

So the guard says, \puts the sand back in the sacks, puts the sacks on his shoulders, gets back on his bike and goes across the border.

This goes on every week for six months, man on the bike, guard at the border, sacks on the man's shoulders, sand on the ground, sand back in the sacks, man across the border ... until one day the man on the bike with the sand bags doesn't turn up.

A few days later, the guard happens to meet the man on the bike downtown. \friend, you sure made us crazy,\you were smuggling?\

The man on the bike says, \ Passage 3

Speaker 1 I don't know if I've told you, but apparently this is a true story. There's this small airline somewhere in New

Zealand, I think, and it uses planes that carry about seven or eight passengers. So you sit just behind the pilot and get a really good view. Speaker 2 Yeah, I get the picture.

Speaker 1 Anyway, the passengers are told to board the plane, and they climb in, you know, not much room. And they

sit there waiting. A few minutes later the last passenger, a really cool-looking guy, turns up and takes his seat, and they all wait for the pilot to arrive and take off. And they wait. And they wait some more. And they're still waiting, not long, you know, a few minutes, but just enough to make them wonder where the pilot is. Then the cool-looking guy at the back starts looking at his watch, and saying, \late.\appointment.\to wait any longer, if we don't have a pilot, I'm going to take off and fly this plane myself. Speaker 2 What?

Speaker 1 Exactly, and everyone is going ... duh? What's happening? And this guy gets into the pilot seat, turns on the

engine, starts heading for the runway ... and takes off. Speaker 2 I don't believe it!

Speaker 1 Yeah, well nor did the passengers. But the funny thing is ... Speaker 2 What?

Speaker 1 Apparently, the cool-looking guy really is the pilot. He plays the same trick on passengers fairly often

because he gets bored with doing the same flight every day.

Unit 9 Body and mind Listening in Passage 1

In 1812 a young man called James Barry finished his studies in medicine at Edinburgh University. After graduating he moved to London where he studied surgery at Guy's Hospital. After that, the popular young doctor joined the army and over the next 40 years had a brilliant career as an army medical officer, working in many far off countries and fighting successfully for improved conditions in hospitals. It was a remarkable career - made even more

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remarkable by the discovery upon his death that James Barry had kept an extraordinary secret.

Barry was a pleasant and good-humoured person with high cheek bones, red hair, a long nose and large eyes. He was well-liked by his patients and had a reputation for great speed at surgery — an important quality at a time when operations were performed without anaesthetic. He was also quick-tempered. When he was working in army hospitals and prisons overseas, the terrible conditions often made him very angry. He fought hard against injustice and cruelty and his temper sometimes got him into trouble with the authorities. After a long career overseas he returned to London where he died in 1865.

So was this the end of the story? Not quite. When they were preparing his body for his funeral, they discovered James Barry's secret. HE was in fact a SHE. James Barry was a woman.

No one was more surprised at this discovery than her many friends and colleagues. It was true that throughout her life people had remarked on her small size, slight build and smooth pale face. One officer had even objected to her appointment as a medical assistant because he couldn't believe that Barry was old enough to have graduated in medicine. But no one seriously suggested that Barry was anything other than a man.

So why did James Barry deceive people for so long? At that time, a woman couldn't study medicine, work as a doctor or join the army. Perhaps Barry had always wanted to do these things and pretending to be a man was the only way to make it possible. Perhaps she was going to tell the truth one day, but didn't because she was enjoying her life as a man too much. By the time it was discovered that she was the first woman in Britain to have qualified as a doctor, it was too late for the authorities to do anything about it.

Passage 2 Speaker 1

Interviewer Tell me about medical care in Britain. What happens when you need to go to the doctor?

Speaker 1 Well, first of all, you need to register with your local doctor. And, then of course, if you need to see him or

her, you have to phone in and make an appointment which can be two or three days later. But, of course, if you have an accident and it's more urgent, you go to a department called the Accident and Emergency Department, which is usually in a hospital. And, if it's really urgent, someone will call a number, which is 999 here in Britain and you, er, get an ambulance.

Interviewer What about getting medicine? Do you get it from the doctor or do you get it from the chemist?

Speaker 1 Well, you actually get the medicine itself from the chemist but the doctor has to prescribe the medicine first.

So, you then take the prescription to the chemist's and the chemist then gives you your medicine. The medicine isn't actually at the doctor's surgery.

Interviewer Right. Right. What happens about paying for medical care? How do you pay for medical treatment? Speaker 1 Ah, yea. You don't pay the doctor. The payment is covered by taxes or medical agreements between the UK

and your country. But you pay a fixed charge for the medicine. Interviewer Right.

Speaker 1 That you're prescribed.

Interviewer I see, yes. And what happens if... you know, I hope it never happens. What happens if you, you stay in

hospital?

Speaker 1 Well, if you are seriously ill, you will stay in hospital and your family and friends can visit and come and see

how you are but they don't usually stay actually overnight with you. And they don't need to bring you food or anything. Or look after you. I mean everything is done for you in the hospital, really. Interviewer I see. I see. Speaker 2

Interviewer Tell me about medical care in the States. What do you do when you need to go to a doctor?

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Speaker 2 OK, well, when you arrive, you choose your doctor. And, it doesn't have to be you know, exactly where

you're staying -just anywhere that is convenient for you.

Interviewer Uh-huh. And do you get these tests and treatment at the doctor's surgery?

Speaker 2 You do indeed. The doctor will do a lot of tests on you. It's very high-tech care. They have to consider every

possibility that could occur with any illness. Interviewer I see. Yeah.

Speaker 2 On the other hand, if it's an emergency, if you have an accident, you call 911 and an ambulance will come

and take you to your nearest hospital.

Interviewer And what about getting medicine? Do you get the medicine at the doctor's or ...?

Speaker 2 Yeah, you do. The doctor writes all the prescriptions for you and then you take it to the pharmacy to pick it

up. And you will pay the full price for every bit of medicine that you get... Interviewer I see. So, it's quite expensive. Speaker 2 Yes, it certainly is.

Interviewer I mean, how do you pay for it?

Speaker 2 Well, that is a problem for some people. I mean, we do not have a national health plan here in the USA. So,

you really do have to have medical insurance. You see, you know, you can be refused admission to a hospital if you don't have insurance. It's an absolute nightmare. And then you have to pay for absolutely everything. You pay for your x-rays, for your medicine, for your tests; you know for the care, for everything. And, of course, well you do get it back from your insurance company. Interviewer If you pay an insurance premium ...

Speaker 2 Well, that is the thing. You absolutely -it's compulsory - you have to have it. Interviewer Right. And what about staying in hospital? What are American hospitals like?

Speaker 2 Well, they're very good. They're very quiet and calm. Sick people need to rest and they do not encourage

large groups of people. They keep visiting hours very short. Interviewer I see. OK. Thank you. Speaker 2 You're welcome.

Unit 10 Environmental matters Listening in Passage 1

Bridget These days everyone is talking about building houses that are eco-friendly - houses that use energy as

efficiently as possible. But although there's a lot of talk about eco-houses, not many people have actually built one. Today we talk to a young couple who have done exactly that. Jacky and Lenny Carter are in their 30s with one child, and their house in west Wales is a splendid example of what an eco-house should be. I'm here now at their house and they're going to show me round it. Jacky Hi, Bridget. Lenny Welcome.

Bridget It's great to see you. It's quite cold out here. Lenny Yes, do you want to come in?

Bridget I'd love to, but can we look at the outside of the house first? Lenny Sure.

Bridget It's very attractive. It's built of timber and it's two storeys high.

Jacky Yes, we got the timber from Sweden, where they know how to build wooden houses, but it's reclaimed wood,

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wood that's been used before.

Bridget I like the house a lot. So tell me more about it. When did you first start thinking about building an eco-house? Lenny We thought about it for years. It was our dream, really, wasn't it, Jacky?

Jacky Yes, when we met we found that we both wanted to do the same thing - build a house that used as little energy

as possible.

Bridget So how did you do it?

Lenny Well, we bought a very old cottage and we knocked it down. That was the first step.

Jacky We found an architect who had some experience with eco-houses and we spent about eight months designing

the house. We used local builders and as much as possible, local materials. Bridget And those are solar panels on the roof, aren't they?

Lenny Yes. They provide hot water in summer and warm water in winter for the underfloor heating. Bridget Underfloor heating? Can we go inside and take a look? Lenny Sure.

Bridget It's lovely and warm in here. And gosh, yes, the floors do feel warm. Urn, lovely. Jacky Yes, we love the underfloor heating. And it's so cheap, compared to using electricity. Bridget So how much are your heating bills?

Jacky Very low. They've gone down by about 70 per cent. Bridget That's a lot of money you've saved. Jacky Absolutely. Let's go into the kitchen.

Bridget What a wonderful kitchen. Did you put it in yourselves? Lenny Yes, we did. It's made of reclaimed wood again.

Bridget I'd love to own a kitchen like this. Can we see the rest of the house? Passage 2 Part 1

Presenter People are slowly returning to their homes after tornadoes hit the states of Maryland and Mississippi

yesterday. At least 30 people have died and hundreds have been injured. Thousands of people are without electricity due to the high winds and many are now homeless.

Dawn Busby, who lives with her family in Nelsonia in southern Maryland, tells her story.

Dawn We'd just had Sunday lunch and we were talking about what we were going to do that afternoon. A neighbour

rang to tell us there were storm warnings and my kids got really excited. It started pouring with rain and it got really dark.

We weren't really worried, it didn't sound as if the tornado was coming our way. But we turned on the radio and then the announcer said that there was another tornado and it was coming our way. My daughter, who's 13, got real frightened and wouldn't let go of my arm. But my husband and brother went outside to watch the storm - you could see it coming in from the east real fast - these huge black clouds. I shouted to the men to come to the basement and they came running inside. The wind was pulling at their clothes - it was really strong. Part 2

Dawn I couldn't really believe it was going to happen but then a huge black cloud suddenly appeared in the sky, very

near us, and it was coming towards our street. It was making a sound like a train. It was very loud and truly terrifying. We ran, I mean we really ran, down to the basement and there was a window there so we could watch. I was holding my daughter and my husband was holding Pete, who's only seven.

Then something amazing happened. The thing was moving towards us and I thought, \

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