Module 5 Grammer Çé̬¶¯´Ê
Ò»¡¢¸ÅÄ¢ÙÇé̬¶¯´ÊÓÖ½ÐÇé̬Öú¶¯´Ê£¬±íʾ˵»°È˶Ôijһ¶¯×÷»ò״̬µÄ̬¶È¡¢Çé¸ÐºÍÓïÆø¡£¢ÚÇé̬¶¯´Ê
ÓÐÒ»¶¨ÒâÒ壬µ«²»Äܵ¥¶À×÷νÓÐèºÍÐÐΪ¶¯´Ê»òϵ¶¯´ÊÔÐÎÒ»Æð¹¹³ÉνÓï¡£¢Ûͨ³£Çé̬¶¯´Ê¶¼¿ÉÒÔÔÚÆäºó+ not¹¹³É·ñ¶¨£¬Ò²¿ÉÒÔÌáµ½Ö÷Óïǰ¹¹³ÉÒÉÎÊ¡££¨have to³ýÍ⣩¢ÜÓÐЩÇé̬¶¯´ÊÓйýȥʽÈ磺can¡ªcould, may¡ªmight, will¡ªwould, shall-should.ÓÐЩÔòûÓÐÈ磺must, need¡£¶øused to ±¾Éí¾ÍÊǹýȥʽ.
¶þ¡¢Ó÷¨×ܽáÓë±æÎö¡£ 1. ±íʾÄÜÁ¦
±íʾÄÜÁ¦³£ÓÃcan/be able to£¬Í¨³£¿ÉÒÔ»¥»»¡£µ«ÊÇcanÖ»ÄÜÓÃÔÚÒ»°ãÏÖÔÚʱºÍÒ»°ã¹ýȥʱ(could)ÖУ¬be able to Ôò¿ÉÒÔÓÃÔÚÈÎÒâʱ̬ÖС£ÈçÒ»°ã½«À´Ê±Ö»ÄÜ˵ will be able to ¶ø²»ÄÜ˵will can¡£ 2. ±íʾ¿ÉÄÜÐÔÓë²Â²â¡£
1£©±íʾ¿ÉÄÜÐÔ¿ÉÓÃmay, might, can, could, ÕâʱmayÓëmight£¬ canÓëcould²¢·Çʱ¼äÉϵIJîÒ죬¶øÊÇmight, could ±È may, can ¸ü¼Ó²»È·¶¨£¬´Ó¶øÓïÆøÉϱȽÏίÍñ¡£
2£©Ôڿ϶¨¾äÖбíʾ¿ÉÄܳ£ÓÃmay, might, could. È磺it may/might/could be true. £¨Ëü¿ÉÄÜÊÇÕæµÄ£©
3£© ÔÚÒÉÎʾäÖбíʾ¡°¿ÉÄÜ¡±»òÔÚ·ñ¶¨¾äÖбíʾ¡°²»¿ÉÄÜ¡±Ôò³£ÓÃcan/could¶ø²»ÓÃmay/might, ÒòΪmay/might µÄÒÉÎʾäºÍ·ñ¶¨¾ä³£±íʾ¡°ÇëÇ󡱺͡°ÔÊÐí¡±£¬¶ø·Ç¡°¿ÉÄÜ¡±¡£
È磺That¡¯s not mine, whose can/ could it be?(ÄDz»ÊÇÎҵģ¬Ëü¿ÉÄÜÊÇ˵ÄÄØ£¿) Can/ Could it be true? (Ëü¿ÉÄÜÊÇÕæµÄô£¿) It can¡¯t/couldn¡¯t be ture. (Ëü²»¿ÉÄÜÊÇÕæµÄ¡£) 3. ±íʾ¡°Ðí¿É¡±ºÍ¡°²»Ðí¡±¡£
±íʾ¡°Ðí¿É¡±¿ÉÓÃcan, could, may, might. Èç¹ûÌáÎÊ£¨ÇëÇóÐí¿É£©Ôòmay/might ½ÏΪÕýʽ£¬could, might ½ÏΪίÍñ£¬¸üÓÐÀñò¡£
È磺Could I smoke here? (ÎÒ¿ÉÒÔÔÚÕâÀïÎüÑÌô£¿) May I use your phone? £¨ÎÒ¿ÉÒÔ½èÓÃÄãµÄÊÖ»úô£¿£© Èô±íʾ»Ø´ð»ò¸øÓè¡°Ðí¿É¡±Ôò³£ÓÃcan/ may. ¶ø²»ÓÃcould/might. È磺--Could I use your phone? ¨CYes, you can. --Might I smoke here? ¨C Yes, you may. Èô±íʾ¡°²»Ðí¡±¿ÉÓÃmay not »ò cannot. È磺--Could I go out for a moment? ¨C No, you can¡¯t. --May I use your car for a few days? ¨CNo, you may not.
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4. ±íʾ¡°ÒåÎñ¡±ºÍ¡°±ØÈ»¡±
a) Ëùν±íʾ¡°ÒåÎñ¡±¼´±íʾ¡°±ØÐ롱¡°Ó¦¸Ã¡±×öijÊ¡£³£ÓÃshouldºÍmust£¬ ¿ÚÆøÉÏmust ҪǿÓÚshould¡£ ¢ÙÓÃshould (aught to) ´øÓС°È°Ëµ¡±»ò¡°½¨Ò顱µÄº¬Òå¡£ È磺1. You should do what your teachers tell you to. 2. He should do something to help her.
¢ÚÓÃmust ¿ÚÆøÉϱÈshould Ç¿ÁÒ³£±íʾ¡°¶Ø´Ù¡±»ò¡°ÃüÁ¡£ È磺1. You must be back by ten o¡¯clock. 2. I really must stop smoking.
¢Û have to ³£±íʾ¡°²»µÃ²»¡±»ò¡°±ØÐ롱£¬Ö¸Òò¿Í¹ÛÌõ¼þµÄÏÞÖÆ¶ø²»µÃ²»¡ È磺It¡¯s getting late, I have to leave now.
¢ÜÈç±íʾ½«À´»ò¹ýÈ¥µÄ¡°±ØÐ롱£¬³£ÓÃwill have to/ had to ¶ø²»ÓÃmust. È磺We¡¯ll have to do it again. I had to leave at six yesterday.
¢Ý must ÓÐÁ½¸ö·ñ¶¨ÐÎʽ£ºµÚÒ»¸ö·ñ¶¨ÐÎʽÊÇmustn¡¯t ±íʾ¡°²»Ðí¡±»ò¡°½ûÖ¹¡±¡£ È磺You mustn¡¯t talk like this. (Äã²»ÐíÕâÑù½²»°¡£) µÚ¶þ¸ö·ñ¶¨ÐÎʽÊÇneedn¡¯t, ±íʾ¡°²»±Ø¡±¡£
È磺--Must you leave so soon? £¨Äã±ØÐëÕâô¿ìÀ뿪ô£©
-- No, I needn¡¯t.£¨²»£¬ÎÒ²»±Ø£©
b) 1.Ëùν±íʾ¡°±ØÈ»¡±¾ÍÊǸù¾Ý˵»°È˵ÄÅжϺÍÍÆ²âÈÏΪ¡°±ØÈ»¡±»áÓÐijÖÖÇé¿ö¡£¿ÉÓÃshould/must, ÆäÖÐmust ±Èshould ¸ü¼Ó¿Ï¶¨¡£
È磺1. she should be here in a minute. (¹À¼ÆËýÂíÉϾͻáÀ´)
2. It must be very late because the streets are empty. (ÏÖÔÚÒ»¶¨ºÜÍíÁË£¬ÒòΪ½ÖµÀÉÏ¿ÕÎÞÒ»ÈË) 2. ÔÚ±íÊ¾ÍÆ²âʱ£¬mustµÄ·ñ¶¨ÐÎʽÊÇcan¡¯t, ¶ø²»ÊÇmustn¡¯t¡£
È磺You can¡¯t have any difficulty getting the tickets. (µÃµ½ÄÇЩƱ£¬Äã²»»á£¨²»¿ÉÄÜ£©ÓÐÈκÎÀ§ÄÑ) 4£®ÆäËüһЩÇé̬¶¯´ÊµÄÓ÷¨¡£
1 will
a) will ±íʾ¡°Ô¤¼û¡±£¬¼´±íʾ¡°µ¥´¿½«À´¡±£¬¿ÉÒÔ¼Ó¶¯´ÊÔÐι¹³ÉÒ»°ã½«À´Ê±¡£ÔÚ´«Í³Ó¢ÓïÖУ¬µÚÒ»È˳ÆÓÃshall, ÆäËûÈ˳ÆÓÃwill¡£¶øÔÚÏÖ´úÓ¢ÓïÖÐÕâÒ»¹æÔòÖ»±£ÁôÔÚÌὨÒé»òÕ÷Çó½¨ÒéʱʹÓã¬È磺Shall we go for a picnic at the weekend? / shall I have a look at your collection?
will µÄ¹ýȥʽÊÇwould, µ«would Ò²¿ÉÒÔµ¥¶ÀʹÓ㬳£¹¹³Éwould like to do ¡µÄ¶ÌÓï¡£ b) will ºÍwould Ò²³£ÓÃÀ´±íʾÒâÔ¸£¬¼´Ô¸Òâ×öijÊ¡£
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È磺1. I will / would lend you the money if you need it? (Èç¹ûÄãÐèÒª£¬ÎÒÔ¸Òâ½è¸øÄãÇ®) 2. Who will go with me? (ËÔ¸ÒâºÍÎÒÒ»ÆðÈ¥)
3. Will/ Would you sing at the party tomorrow evening? (ÄãÔ¸ÒâÔÚÃ÷ÌìÍíÉϵľۻáÉϳª¸èô£¿) µ±will / would ÓÃÓÚµÚ¶þÈ˳ÆÖ÷ÓïÇëÇó¾äʱ£¬ÎªÁË»ººÍ¿ÉÄܺ¬ÓеÄÃüÁî¿ÚÆø£¬¿ÉÒÔÔÚwill/ would you Ö®ºó¼ÓÉÏplease.
Èç: Will you please open the door for me? Would you pass me the salt, please? µ±±íʾ½ÓÊÜÇëÇóʱ£¬ÒªÓÃwill£¬¶ø²»ÓÃwould. È磺¡ªWould you lend me you pen? ¡ªCertainly, I will. c) will »¹¿ÉÒÔ±íʾÒâͼ»ò¾öÐÄ¡£
È磺I will get some drinks, what¡¯ll you have? (ÎÒҪȥŪµãºÈµÄ£¬ÄãÏëºÈʲô£¿)
I will take the job and no one is going to stop me. (ÎÒÒªµÃµ½Õâ·Ý¹¤×÷£¬Ã»ÓÐÈËÄܹ»×èÖ¹ÎÒ)
2£®used to (Ö»ÓйýȥʱÐÎʽ£¬Ã»ÓÐÏÖÔÚʱÐÎʽ) ±íʾ¹ýȥϰ¹ß¶¯×÷»ò״̬£¬ÕâÖÖÇé¿öÏÖÒѲ»¸´´æÔÚ¡£ È磺1. There used to be lots of fish in the river, but they disappeared because of the pollution. 2. He used to smoke a lot, but he has given it up.
used to µÄ·ñ¶¨ÐÎʽ¿ÉÒÔÊÇdidn¡¯t use to Ò²¿ÉÒÔÊÇusedn¡¯t to , ÒÉÎʾä¿ÉÒÔ½èdid, Ò²¿ÉÒÔ½«used Ìáǰ¡£Èç½èdid Ôòused Òª»¹Ô³Éuse¡£
È磺1. He didn¡¯t use to drink wine. / He usedn¡¯t to drink wine.
2. Did you use to go to the same school as Edward? / Used you to go to the same school as Edward? 3. He used to live in Shanghai, usedn¡¯t / didn¡¯t he? 3. Çé̬¶¯´Ê+have done ±í´ïÌØ¶¨º¬Òå¡£ ¢Ù can¡¯t/ could have done ±íʾ¹ýÈ¥µÄ¿ÉÄÜ¡£ È磺He could have been hurt. Ëû¿ÉÄܱ»ÉÕÉËÁË¡£
She can¡¯t have missed the train. Ëý²»¿ÉÄÜ´í¹ýÁ˻𳵡£
might/ could +have done Ò²¿ÉÒÔ±íʾ±¾À´¿ÉÄÜ·¢Éúµ«Ã»Óз¢Éú£¬»ò±¾À´¿ÉÄÜÍê³ÉȴûÓÐÍê³ÉµÄ¶¯×÷¡£ È磺You might have killed yourself. (Äã±¾À´¿ÉÄÜËÍÃüµÄ)
I could have passed the examination, but I failed. (ÎÒ±¾À´ÄÜͨ¹ý¿¼ÊÔ£¬µ«ÊÇÎÒʧ°ÜÁË) ¢Ú should/ ought to + have done ±íʾ±¾À´Ó¦¸Ã×öijÊÂȴû×ö»ò±¾À´²»Ó¦¸Ã×öijÊÂÈ´×öÁË¡£ È磺You should / ought to have asked my permission first. (Äã±¾À´Ó¦¸ÃÏÈÕ÷ÇóÎÒµÄͬÒâµÄ) You shouldn¡¯t / oughtn¡¯t to have been late for the meeting. (Äã±¾À´²»Ó¦¸Ã¿ª»á³Ùµ½µÄ) ¢Û must+ have done ±íʾ¶Ô¹ýÈ¥µÄÍÆ²â¡£
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È磺 You must have left your handbag in the theatre. £¨ÄãÒ»¶¨°ÑÄãµÄ°üÂäÔÚÁ˾çÔºÀ Her eyes are red. She must have been crying. (ËýµÄÑÛ¾¦ÊǺìµÄ£¬ËýÒ»¶¨Êǿ޹ýÁË) ¢Ü needn¡¯t + have done ±íʾ±¾À´Ã»±ØÒª×öijÊ£¬È´×öÁË¡£
È磺You needn¡¯t have bought that house. (Äã±¾À´Ã»±ØÒªÂòÏÂÄǸö·¿×Ó) She needn¡¯t have been worrying about it. (Ëý±¾À´Ã»±ØÒªÎªÕâ¼þÊ¸е½µ£ÐÄ) 4£®would ¿ÉÒÔÓÃÀ´±í´ï¡°ÏëÏó¡±³£Ö¸ÔÚÏÖʵÖв»¿ÉÄܳöÏÖµÄÇé¿ö¡£ È磺£Éwould have two wings and fly to the moon.
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