最新上海市2018届中考一模数学试卷分类汇编:几何证明(Word版,含答案) 下载本文

(3)求证:CD·AE=DE·BC;

(4)以点A为圆心,AB长为半径画弧交边BC于点F,联结AF。

2

求证:AF=CE·CA。

【评析】(1)因为AD∥BC,所以∠DAE=∠ACB,又因为∠ADE=∠BAC,所以△ADE∽△CAB,因此又因为AB=CD,所以

,所以CD·AE=DE·BC。

,

(2)因为△ADE∽△CAB,所以∠AED=∠B,因为梯形ABCD是等腰梯形,所以∠B=∠DCB,即∠AED=∠DCB,又因为∠DCB+∠CDA=180°,∠AED+∠CED=180°,所以∠CDA=∠CED,又因为∠DCA=∠EDC,所以△CDA∽△CED,所以【解答】证明同上

,即CD=CE·CA,又因为半径为AB,所以AF=AB,即AF=CD,所以AF=CE·CA

2

2

静安区

23.证明:(1)∵AD=BD ,AD⊥DB,∴∠A=∠DBA =45°………………………(1分) 又∵DC∥AB ,∴∠CDB =∠DBA=45°, ∴∠CDB =∠A, ………………………(2分) ∵∠EBC=45°,∴∠EBC=∠DBA, ……………………………………………(1分) ∴∠EBC-∠DBE =∠DBA-∠DBE,即∠DBC =∠ABE ………………………(1分) ∴△ABE∽△DBC ……………………………………………………………………(1分) (2)∵△ABE∽△DBC, ∴

DBCB?………………………………………………(2分) ABEB

EBCB?,且∠EBC=∠DBA,∴△BCE∽△BDA ………………………………(2分) ABDBSBC225BC5?,∴?BCE?(又∵. ……………………………………………(2分) )?BD6S?BDABD36闵行区

∴

23.证明:(1)∵AD平分∠BAD,∴∠BAD=∠CAD.

∵∠BAC=2∠B,∴∠BAD=∠CAD=∠B.……………………………(1分) ∵DF∥BE,∴∠BAD=∠ADF.…………………………………………(1分) ∴∠ADF=∠B.……………………………………………………………(1分) ∴△ABD∽△ADF.………………………………………………………(1分)

∴

AFAD.……………………………………………………………(1分) ?ADAB∴AD2?AF?AB.………………………………………………………(1分) (2)∵∠CAD=∠B,∠C=∠C,

∴△CDA∽△CAB.……………………………………………………(1分) CDAD.……………………………………………………………(1分) ?CAAB∵∠BAD=∠B, …………………………………………………………(1分) ∴AD=AB.

又∵∠CAD=∠B,∠E=∠C,

∴△CAD≌△EBD.………………………………………………………(1分) ∴DE=DC,BE=AC.

∴

∴

DEAD.……………………………………………………………(1分) ?BEAB∴AD?BE?DE?AB.……………………………………………………(1分)

23.证明:(1)∵ EF?FC?FB?DF,

EFFB. ………………………(1分) ?A DFFC∵ ∠EFB=∠DFC, …………………(1分)

E ∴ △EFB∽△DFC. …………………(1分) D ∴ ∠FEB=∠FDC. ………………… (1分) F ∵ CE⊥AB,

∴ ∠FEB= 90°.……………………… (1分) B ∴ ∠FDC= 90°. (第23题图) ∴ BD⊥AC. ………………………… (1分) (2)∵ △EFB∽△DFC,

∴ ∠ABD =∠ACE. …………………………………………… (1分)

∵ CE⊥AB,

∴ ∠FEB= ∠AEC= 90°.

∴ △AEC∽△FEB. ……………………………………………(1分)

AEEC ∴ .……………………………………………………(1分) ?FEEB∴

C

AEFE. …………………………………………………(1分) ?ECEB∵ ∠AEC=∠FEB= 90°,

∴ △AEF∽△CEB.………………………………………………(1分)

AFEF ∴ ,∴ AF?BE?BC?EF. ………………………(1分) ?CBEB ∴ 22.证明:

(1)∵DC2?DE?DB,∴

CDDB?. ···································································· (1分) DECD又∵?EDC??CDB,∴△CDE∽△BDC. ·················································· (1分) ∴?ECD??CBD. ···························································································· (1分) ∵AD?DC,∴?ECD??EAD. ································································ (1分) ∴?EBC??EAD.····························································································· (1分) 又∵?AED??BEC,∴△BCE∽△ADE. ··················································· (1分)

(2)∵△BCE∽△ADE,∴

∴

BECE. ··································································· (1分) ?AEDEBEAE. ········································································································· (1分) ?CEDE∵?AEB??DEC,∴△AEB∽△DEC. ························································ (1分) ∵△CDE∽△BDC,∴△AEB∽△DCB. ···················································· (1分) ∴

ABBE. ········································································································· (1分) ?BDBCCECA?, ………………………………………(1分) CDCB∴AB?BC?BD?BE. ····························································································· (1分) 23.(1)证明:∵CD?CA?CE?CB,∴

∵∠ECA=∠DCB,……………………………………………………………………(1分) ∴△CAE∽△CBD,……………………………………………………………………(1分) ∴∠CAE=∠CBD.……………………………………………………………………(1分) (2)证明:过点C作CG//AB,交AE的延长线于点G.

∴EC?CG,…………………………………………………………………………(1分) ∵EC?AC,∴CG?AC,……………………………………………………………(1分) ∴CG=CA, ……………………………………………………………………………(1分) ∴∠G=∠CAG,………………………………………………………………………(1分) ∵∠G=∠BAG,∴∠CAG=∠BAG.………………………………………………(1分) ∵∠CAE=∠CBD,∠AFD=∠BFE,∴∠ADF=∠BEF.…………………………(1分)

BEABABABBEAB

∴△ADF∽△AEB,……………………………………………………………………(1分) ∴

ADAF?,∴AB?AD?AF?AE.…………………………………………………(1分) AEAB23.证明(1)∵BD2?AD?BC ∴

BDBC?……………………………2分 ADBDA D 又 ∵∠BAD=∠BDC=90°

∴△ADB∽△DBC……………………2分 ∴?ADB??DBC ……………………1分 ∴AD∥BC…………………………………1分 (2)∵AD∥BC, ∠BAD =90°,

?∴?EBA??BAD?90 又 ∵∠BDC=90°

?∴?EBA??BDC?90…………………1分 ∵AE∥CD ∴?AEB??C……………………………1分 ∴△ABE∽△BDC………………………1分

B (第23题图)

E

C BEAE? CDBC∴CD?AE?BE?BC……………………1分

∴

又 ∵AD∥BC AE∥CD

∴四边形ADCE是平行四边形

∴AE=CD……………………………………1分

2∴CD?BE?BC…………………………1分

徐汇区

23.在△ABC中,∵∠EAD=∠BAD,∠ADE=∠B,

∴

?ADE:VABD ……………………………………………………(2分)

∴AD2?AE?AB…………………………………………………………(1分) 同理有?ADF:VADC,AD2?AF?AC ………………………………(1分) ∴AE?AB?AF?AC,∴AE=AF. ……………………………………(1分)

(2)∵ AB=AC,AE=AF,∴

AEAF,∴EF∥BC.………………………………(1分) ?ABACDFAD,………………………………………(1分) ?DCAC 由(1)?ADF:VADC有

BDABDEDFCDDF∴,即 ………………………………………………(1分) ??BDDCBDDECDCFDFCF∵,∴, ………………………………………………(1分) ??BDAEDEAECDCF∵AE?AF,∴, ……………………………………………………(1分) ?BDAF

?ADE:VABD有DE?AD, 且AB?AC; ……………………………(1分)