完成进行式 To have been doing: He was happy to have been staying with his uncle.不定式动作在谓语动作之前发生，但仍在持续进行。 注意to have done的特殊考点：

(1) should like/would like/love +to have done,表示过去未实现的动作；

I’d like to have gone with you on your hike last weekend, but I was too busy.

(2) 在wish, intend, mean, expect, pretend, plan, think等表示“打算”“计划”等含义的过去时动词后面,接to have done也表示动作没有实现。

I intended to have limited my research to waste water treatment, but I was asked to deal with other problems too.

2 n+to do+介词

I haven’t decided which hotel to stay at.

3 do but/except 结构中，but 前面有do的某种形式，but/except后接不带to的不定式。另外cannot help but也接不带to的不定式，属于特例。

4 had better, would rather/sooner?than?, rather?than, might as well之后必须接动词原形。 二 动名词考点 1 时态和语态

时态 语态 一般式 主动语态 被动语态 Doing: I approved of his Being done: After being taking part in the interviewed for the job, project. you will be required to take a language test. Having done: The man in the Having been done: She corner confessed to having resents having been told a lie to the manager. criticized by her boss yesterday. 完成式 2 转本英语可能会出现的后接动名词的动词有：admit, appreciate, avoid, consider, delay, deny, imagine, mind, miss, practice, resist, risk, suggest, quit, enjoy, finish.(如考到后两词，那属于弱智题，这类弱智题曾在03p5345、46、51出现过)。

3 转本英语可能会出现的后接动名词的词组有：be(get)used to ; be accustomed to, be devoted to, be busy, cannot help, confess to, give up, have trouble(in), have difficulty(in )[h1] , it is no use/good[h2] , look forward to, object to, lead to, stick to, get down to, see to等。 Used to do VS be used to doing[h3]

Be accustomed to, be used to, devote to, dedicate to, look forward to, lead to, contribute to, object to, stick to, get down to, see to.这里的to 都是介词，后面只能接动名词。

4 在need, want, require, deserve等动词以及形容词worth后，动名词主动形式表示被动意义。 Your hair wants cutting.

三分词考点（本部分结合教材P28）

分词是非谓语动词部分最为重要的一个部分，分词包括present participle, past participle。分词也具有时态和语态的变化。 1 现在分词与过去分词的区别点： 语态 时态 现在分词 主动 进行（一些特例情况下并不必然表示进行）如：promising young man 过去分词 被动 完成 还要注意原则上语态服从时态，如retired general。 Seeing from the hill, you can see the whole city. Seeing from the hill, the city is beautiful. Heated to 100, water will boil. Heating to 100, water will boil

2有些过去分词已经转化为形容词，没有被动的概念和已经完成的概念，如a practiced man技术娴熟的人，well-behaved young man懂礼貌的年轻人，the cultivated people 有修养的人。尤其在做阅读理解时候注意及时能从相应的动词意义转变过来。

同样道理，有些动词的现在分词也已转化为固定的形容词，主要是由表示人的情绪的动词变化而来，意思为“令人?”如：amusing, astonishing, boring, inspiring, promising, puzzling。这就要注意过去分词、现在分词转化来的形容词词义的差别： Boring, bored; interesting, interested; satisfying, satisfied; tiring, tired等。 3 现在分词的完成式、被动式

第一，表示一般性动作，不表明动作的先后或与谓语动作同时发生，用现在分词一般式。 第二，现在分词所表示的动作先于句子谓语发生，要用完成式。（not）having done. 第三，现在分词的逻辑主语是现在分词动作的对象，要用被动式。（not）being done,(not)having been done. 例句研究：

1 Over fishing, coupled with destructive fishing practices, is killing off the fish and ruining their environment.(CET03\\1听力)。顺便注意这里的主谓一致is. 过去分词转化的形容词短语作状语

2 They stated their considered judgement, painstaking arrived at after thorough inquiry and deliberation.(CET4,03,9)

过去分词做定语的典型例子。 四 独立主格结构

我们在前面讲到过去分词和现在分词短语作状语时候，它们的逻辑主语应该是句子的主语。但有时过去分词短语和现在分词短语带有自己的主语，这个主语叫做逻辑主语，该逻辑主语一般由名词或代词充当，放在过去分词或现在分词短语之前，我们把这一结构称为独立主格结构。

独立主格结构与主句之间不能使用任何连接词。 She walked along the path, her daughter following close behind. All the work done, you can have a rest.