Weather permitting, we’ll go to the Summer Palace. (一)独立主格结构特点：

1 独立主格结构的逻辑主语与句子的主语不同，它独立存在 Weather permitting, we are going to visit you tomorrow.

2 名词或代词与后面的分词、形容词、副词、不定式或介词短语等是主谓关系 The day being fine, we decided to go swimming. It being a holiday, all the shops were shut. 3 独立主格结构一般有逗号与主句分开。

They’ll send you the book for $10, postage included.

（二）with/without 的复合结构作独立主语

一个独立主格结构前面可以加上with/without ，作伴随状语或定语。我们可以把它理解为with的独立主格结构。 1 The murder was brought in, with his hands tied behind his back. 2 The children looked at us, with their eyes opening wide. 3 With night coming on, they went home.

4 The river with grass and flowers on both sides runs through our schoolyard. 三 练习反馈

1 _________, there was nothing for it but to swim across. A The bridge having been destroyed B The bridge was destroyed C The bridge to be destroyed D The bridge has been destroyed

2 With more and more students_______ colleges, higher education seems to have become a primary concern in rece

nt years.

A attend B is attending C attending D are attending

第四讲 虚拟语气

虚拟语气考什么？考的是谓语动词形式。所有的虚拟语气考点都在谓语动词形式上。

一 If条件从句虚拟语气情况

时间 过去 If从句谓语动词形式 Had done 主句谓语动词形式 Would/should/could/might +have done Would/should/could/might +do Would/should/could/might +do 现在 将来 Did/were Did/were to/should do 错综时间虚拟语气：

If he had prepared very carefully yesterday, he could perform well now. 连词if 省略形成倒装。

If条件句中的连词if 可以省略，但该句就要使用倒装语序，即将were,had,should等置于主语前，形成倒装。 Had you informed her earlier,[h4] she wouldn’t have assigned the contract. Were she living happily[h5] , I would be very astonished.

二 用于某些动词的宾语从句中；以及由这些动词变来的分词、名词后的主语从句、表语从句、同位语从句。其形式是（should）+动词原形。 表示愿望 表示建议 表示要求、请求 表示决定 其他 Desire, prefer Advise, move, propose, suggest, recommend, Insist, maintain, oblige, request, require, urge Decide, determine, resolve Arrange, deserve, intend, motion, promise . 1 宾语从句

He insisted[h6] that she be in the office at six.

The doctor suggested[h7] that she (should)take a trip. 2 it is +过去分词的主语从句

It is required that the machine be tested. 3 表语从句、同位语从句

His suggestion is that we go out on a picnic.

His suggestion that we go out on a picnic next Sunday is wonderful. 三 用于it is+ 某些形容词+主语从句

It is essential/urgent/necessary/important/advisable/natural/desired/vital/crutial/strange+that的从句中，谓语形

式为（should）+原形动词。

It is necessary that the machine (should)be oiled every day. 四 用于it is （high/about）time+从句中[h8] It is high time we went back to college.

五 用于would /had rather , would sooner 引起的从句中，其谓语从此用过去时，表示现在或将来；用had+done，表示过去的情况。

I would rather you didn’t tell him anything about it. 六 lest 引导的状语从句用虚拟语气。虚拟语气用于lest 或in case 引起的状语从句，其谓语动词形式为should +原形动词，should 一般不可省。

He took his umbrella with him in case it should rain.

七 without, but for, but that等引出的短语，表示含蓄的条件（就把它当作是一个条件句），其后结果句用虚拟语气。

练习反馈

1 It is required that anyone who has earned more than3,000 yuan each month_______ pay income taxes. A have to B has to C. will be given D is given

2 It is essential that every child ______ the same educational opportunities. A have B has C will be D is given 3 It’s high time you________.

A start to work B would start to work C started to work D has started to work

4 I’d rather you_____ make any comment on the issue for the time being. A don’t B wouldn’t C didn’t D sholdn’t

5 ___________for your laziness, you could finished the assignment by now.