1. 连接词：

1）从属连词：that， whether等.

that 引导主语从句只起引导作用，本身无实际意义，在主语从句中不充当任何成分，但不能省略。

That she left him cut him to the heart. That he will come is certain.

由whether及其他连词引导的主语从句放在句首，句后都可。 Whether it will please them is not easy to say.

Whether she’s coming or not doesn’t matter too much.

2)连接代词who ，what ，which, whatever, whichever, whoever What seems easy to some people seems difficult to others. Which side will win is not clear.

3)连接副词when，where， how， why等。 Why he did it remains a mystery. When they will start is not known yet.

How he became a great scientist is known to us all.

2.位置： 主语从句可以前置，也可以后置。用it做形式主语，而把主语从句放在句末，常用下面几种句型。

1）It + be + 表语 +主语从句 表语：（名词， 形容词，过去分词） It is a pity that we can’t go.

It is no surprise that our team should have won the game. It is an honour that I was invited to attend the meeting. It is certain that she will do well in her exam. It is true that I told her everything.

It is said that Mr. Green has arrived in Beijing.

It is reported that China has sent another manmade earth satellite into orbit. 2）It+不及物动词或短语+主语从句

It seemed (happened, doesn’t matter, has turned out) that… It happens that they were absent.

It seems that Alice is not coming to the party at all. It doesn’t matter whether she will come or not.

It makes no difference where we shall have the meeting. 3) It +及物动词（被动语态）+主语从句

It has been decided that the exhibition will not open on Sundays. 注意:

1） 主语从句在句首时，必须由连接词引导，不能省略这些连接词；但是如果用it做形式

主语，而把主语从句放在句末时，从属连词that可以省略。 误：They should like each other is natural. 正：That they should like each other is natural. 正：It is natural that they should like each other.

2)如果主语从句放在句首，不能用if引导，但是如果用it 做形式主语，而把主语从句放在句末时，也可以用if引导.

误：If Mary really heard him is really doubtful.

正：It was doubtful if Mary really heard him.

Period 5 Language points

for Reading (P25)

1. What it was to become was a mystery until the dust began to slowly combine into a ball moving around the sun.

1) _________________（使大家吃惊的是）is that he didn’t come to the meeting. (What surprised everybody)

2) _________________（他所做的）added to our difficulty. (What he did)

3) _____ we can’t get seems better than ____ we have.

A. What; what B. What; that C. That; that D. That; what

4) _____ made the school proud was _____ more than 90% of the students had been admitted to key universities.

A. What; because B. What; that; C. That; what D. That; because

2.The problem was that the earth became violent because it was not clear whether the solid shape was to last or not.

问题是地球开始变得激烈动荡，不知道这个固体形状是否会继续下去。 n. 固体 solid, liquid, gas

adj. 固体的；实心的,无空隙的；结实的，坚固的

solid fuels solid food a solid sphere solid furniture a man of solid build

1) Matter has three states: solid, liquid and gas.

2) When water freezes, it becomes solid and we call it ice.

be to (do): (something) will definitely happen, or it must happen 不可避免要发生或必须发生

e.g.They said goodbye, little knowing that they were never to meet again. She is to be honoured for this great work.

Mr. Clark said to his daughter, “You are to be home by 10 o’clock at the latest.”

3. It exploded loudly with fire and rock, which were in time to produce the water vapour, … 1). （使某物）炸开，爆炸 2). （指感情）激发

3). （指人口）突然或迅速增加

The firework exploded in his hand and he was hurt seriously. I was frightened when she exploded into loud laughter.

Now it is not easy to find jobs with the exploding population. explosion n. 爆炸（声）

explosive adj.爆炸性的，易爆炸的 n.炸药，爆炸物 in time (for sth/to do sth): not late 及时；不迟 She will be back in time to prepare dinner. 她来得及回来准备晚饭。

in time: sooner or later; eventually 迟早；最后

I’ll see him in time. 总有一天我会遇见他。 in/out of time: in/not in the correct time 合/不合节拍 The audience clapped in time to the music. 观众合着音乐的节拍拍手。

4. As the earth cooled down, water began to appear on its surface. 随着地球的冷却, 地球的表面就开始出现了水。 cool adj.凉快；冷静；冷淡 v. （使）变冷；冷静下来

1) Let’s sit in the shade and get cool. 2) I knew I had to keep cool.

3) His play received a cool response from the public. 4) The rain has cooled the air.

5) Let your soup cool a little before you drink it.

6) A heated argument can be settled better if both sides cool down first.

7) I tried to cool her down but she was still very angry when she left.

5. Nobody knew that it was going to be different from other planets going round the sun. be very / much / quite / entirely / totally different from与…不同 1）城市生活和农村生活很不同。

City life is quite different from country life. 2） 他们的品位和我不同。

Their tastes are different from mine.

There are differences between…and… …与…之间有不同之处 tell…from… 把…与…区分开来 the same as… 与…一样 be similar to 与…相似

going round the sun为现在分词短语，做定语，表示一般的动作。例如： Men breaking the law will be punished. Men who break the law will be punished.

现在分词短语作定语，也可表示进行的动作。例如： Can you see the girl dancing with your boyfriend?

Can you see the girl who is dancing with her boyfriend? 你能看到与男友跳舞的那个姑娘吗？

6. It allows the earth to dissolve harmful gases, which… allow vt. 允许、许可、容许

allow+n./pron./doing

allow sb. to do

be allowed to do

My father doesn’t allow smoking at home. In fact he doesn’t allow us to smoke anywhere at any time.

父亲不允许在家里吸烟。实际上，他不允许我们在任何地方任何时候吸烟。 Are we allowed to use the computer? 我们可以用电脑么？ Be harmful to 对…有害

do harm to sb. = do sb. Harm 伤害某人，对某人有害处 1) Pollution is especially harmful to animals. 2) Smoking will do you a lot of harm.

7. That made it possible for life to begin to develop.

1)The foreign Minister said, “_____ our hope that the two sides will work towards peace. ”(2004BJ)

A. This is B. There is C. That is D. It is

2) I like ____ in the autumn when the weather is clear and bright. (NMET2004) A. this B. that C. it D. one

3) Why don’t you bring ___ to his attention that you are too busy to do it? A. this B. that C. what D. it

it作形式宾语，其真正的宾语可以是不定式，动名词和从句。 4) Why? I have nothing to confess. ____ you want me to say?(2004SH) A. What is it that B. What it is that C. How is it that D. How it is that

5) Was it at the school ____ was named after a hero ______ he spent his childhood? A. which ; that B. where; where C. that; where D. which; where

8. They multiplied and filled the first oceans and seas with oxygen. multiply (数目上)增加，增多；乘；（使）繁殖 1) Our problems have multiplied since last year. 2) 2 and 5 multiply to make 10.

3) 6 multiplied by 5 is 30. = Multiply 6 by 5 to make 30. 4) The plants here multiply rapidly.

9. This encouraged the development of early shellfish and all sorts of fish.

encourage 鼓舞；促进；怂恿。后接名词、代词，也可接不定式作宾语补足语。如： High prices for corn and wheat will encourage farming. 玉米和小麦的高价将促进农业的发展。 My success encouraged me to continue. 我的成功鼓励我继续干下去。 He encouraged me to learn dancing. 他鼓励我去学跳舞。 development

(1)[U]成长,发育；发展(过程)；扩展

The development of this industry will take several years.