高中英语必修2(北师大版)Unit6 Design 知识点总结
拓展：what 在英语中可以引导名词性从句，起名词的作用。这些从句包括：主语从句、宾语从句、表语从句、同位 语从句。
1. 主语从句， 表示“…的人或事”。
What he said at the meeting astonished everybody present. 他在会上说的话令每个与会者震惊。 2. 宾语从句（用作动词或介词的宾语）
When you answer questions in a job interview，please remember the golden rule：Always give the monkey
exactly what he wants.
求职面试时，请记住这条黄金定律：永远给予对方确实想要的东西。 3. 表语从句
Perseverance is a kind of quality and that's what it takes to do anything well. 坚定不移是一种品质——能使人做好任何事情。 4. 同位语从句（用在idea, message等名词后） I have no idea what we should do next. 我不知道下一步我们该干什么。
The house on Mango Street is ours, and we don't have to pay rent to anybody, or share
the yard with the people downstairs, or be careful not to make too much noise, and
worried about the landlord being angry.
解析：本句中第一个and连接并列句，第二个分句中两个or 连接三个并列成分，表示否定意义。第二个and 连接并
列成分be careful…和(be) worried about…。the landlord being angry 为动名词的复合结构，做介词about 的宾语。
翻译：芒果街的房子是我们自己的，我们不必给任何人交房租，不用和楼下的住户公用院子，不用小心翼翼地不大
声喧哗，也不用担心房东生气。
拓展：动名词的复合结构可以做主语、宾语或表语，一般有四种形式： 1. 形容词性物主代词＋动名词 Your going there will help a lot.
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高中英语必修2(北师大版)Unit6 Design 知识点总结
你到那里去将能帮上大忙。 2. 名词所有格＋动名词
We are looking forward to the expert’s coming to give a speech to us. 我们正盼望着那位专家来给我们演讲。 3. 代词宾格＋动名词
Do you mind me opening the door? 您介意我把门打开吗？ 4. 名词＋动名词
Can you hear the noise of the machine running? 你能听到机器运转的噪音吗？
Our house would be white with trees around it, a great big yard and grass growing without a fence.
解析：本句中有两处with复合结构，分别是：with trees around it 和(with) grass growing。a great big yard 前省略
了with，意为：带有，without a fence 意为：没有栅栏，修饰grass。
翻译：我们的房子将是由绿树环绕的白房子，有个很大的院子，还有长势茂盛没有栅栏的草坪。 拓展：with复合结构，在句中可作伴随、方式、原因状语等。形式主要有： 1. with +宾语+介词短语
The teacher entered the classroom with a book in his hand. 2. with+ 宾语+ 过去分词
Without anything left in the cupboard, she went out to get something to eat. 3. with +宾语+ 现在分词
She fell asleep with the light burning. 4. with+宾语+形容词
She came into the room，with her nose red because of cold. 5. with +宾语+副词
With the meal over, we all went home. 6. with+宾语+动词不定式
He could not finish it without me to help him.
This was the house Papa talked about when he dreamed of being rich and this was the
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高中英语必修2(北师大版)Unit6 Design 知识点总结
house Mama dreamed up in the stories she told us before we went to bed.
解析：本句为and连接的并列句，前一句主干为：This was the house；Papa talked about when he dreamed of
being rich 为省略引导词的定语从句，同时定语从句中又包含了when 引导的时间状语从句。后一句主干为：this was
the house；Mama dreamed up in the stories she told us before we went to bed 为省略引导词的定语从句，同时定
语从句中又包含了一个定语从句，即she told us when we went to bed，这个定语从句中含有when 引导的时间状语从 句。
翻译：这是爸爸梦想富有时所谈到的房子，也是妈妈在睡觉前给我们讲的故事中所梦想的房子。
But the house on Mango Street is not the way they described it at all.
解析：本句主干为：But the house is not the way；they described it at all 为定语从句，修饰the way。 翻译：但是芒果街的房子完全不像他们描述的那样。
拓展：当先行词the way在定语从句中做状语，表示“用…样的方式时”，引导词有三种形式，分别为：that/in which/ 省略。
This is the way (in which/that) he studies English. 这就是他学英语的方式。
She admired the way (in which/that) I answered the questions. 她欣赏我回答问题的方式。 注意下面的句子：
I was impressed by the way she told us.
她告诉我们的方法让我印象深刻。（the way在定语从句中做宾语，引导词用that/which或省略）
It's small and red with windows so small that you'd think they were holding their breath.
解析：本句含有so…that 引导的结果状语从句，意为：如此…以至于…，主句为：It's small and red with windows
small，采用了with 复合结构。
翻译：房子很小，是红色的，前面是窄窄的楼梯，窗子小得让你觉得它们在屏住呼吸。
Out back is a small garage for the car we don't own yet and a small yard that looks smaller between the two buildings on either side.
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高中英语必修2(北师大版)Unit6 Design 知识点总结
解析：本句是一个倒装句，out back 为句子的表语，谓语为is，并列主语为：a small garage和a small yard。we
don't own yet 和that looks smaller between the two buildings on either side 为定语从句，分别修饰：the car 和a small yard。
翻译：出门往后院走有一间小车库，但现在我们还没有车。还有一个小院子，夹在两边的高楼中显得更小。 拓展：当句首为表示方位或方式等的副词或介词短语时，句子全部倒装，这样的表达是为了使语言更生动。常见
的这些词有：here, there, then, up ,down, in, away, off, out, in the room, on the wall, south, north, east, west,
opposite等。其结构为：地点方位词+动词+主语，若主语为人称代词，主语和谓语动词的位置不变，只将副词放在 句首。
Just in front of the bus lies an injured man, all covered with blood. 车前躺着一个受伤的人，全身是血。 Away went the crowd one by one. 人们一个一个走了。
三、重点语法
定语从句（1）：关系代词引导的定语从句
本单元学习关系代词引导的定语从句，我们通过下面几个句子，掌握其基本用法： 1. We need comrades _______ can help us.
2. The man ______you saw yesterday was a doctor from Beijing. 3. This is a story about a heroine______ name is Liu Hu-lan. 4. This is our classroom，______ windows face the south. 5. Here is a book ______ will give a lot of useful knowledge. 6. This is the song ____we like best. 以上几个句子，我们分析如下：
1. 把comrade 代入从句还原为comrades can help us。comrades 在从句中作主语，用that/who 代替。 2. 把the man 代入从句还原为you saw the man yesterday。the man 在从句中作宾语，用that/whom 代替，可以 省略。
3. 把heroine 代入从句还原为a heroine's name。name 与heroine 表示所属关系用whose。
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高中英语必修2(北师大版)Unit6 Design 知识点总结
4. 把classroom 代入从句还原为our classroom's windows，两者表示所属关系用whose。 5. 把book 代入从句还原为the book will give a lot of useful knowledge。the book 在从句中作主语，用
that/which。
6. 把the song 代入从句还原为we like the song best。the song 在从句中作宾语，用that/which，可以省略。 总结：
定语从句学习的根本是选对或填对关系词（引导词）。我们选择关系词要采用还原法，即把先行词（被修饰名
词）代入从句，看其在从句中的成分，然后用相应关系词代替。所以，同学们一定要清楚每个关系词的作用：
先行词 人 人 物 人/物 人/物 人/物
关系代词 who/that whom Which that as whose 从句中所充当的成分 主 宾 表 宾 主 宾 表 主 宾 表 主 宾 表 定语（表所属关系） 9 / 9