第一节 语法填空

A

(2019·郑州四校联考)Can you imagine making a structure (结构体) out of toothpicks that is strong enough 1.____________ (hold) up a student's desk? I can't. But because of such a school project Stan Munro 2.____________ (throw) into his career as a “toothpick engineer” years ago.

One winter break in primary school, my brother's schoolwork was writing thank-you notes while 3.____________ (I) was making a hut out of toothpicks! Facing a pile of toothpicks, I still remember I was totally at 4.____________ loss what to do next. Under some guidance of my father, I started the 5.____________ (pain) task. Finally, the countless toothpicks became a whole structure with everything 6.____________ (stick) together by glue. Though the process took a lot of patience and was rough for me, there were no words to describe the sense of 7.____________ (proud) after finishing it. Importantly, that helped me find I was better at other things, like writing and playing the piano. 8.____________ Stan Munro, I wasn't born to be a toothpick engineer!

Isn't it great that the school provides us with the chance to try different things, 9.____________ gets us to discover our unknown talents? It's amazing to find what we try in school helps us figure out what we 10.____________ (true) want to do when growing up.

[语篇解读] 本文是一篇记叙文。作者在小学时，做一项“用牙签搭建小屋”的手工作业，在体会到这一过程的不易和成功带来的自豪后，也发现了自己真正的长处所在。

1．解析：考查非谓语动词。此处为“主语＋be＋adj.＋不定式”结构，不定式与句子的主语构成逻辑上的主谓关系，故用to hold。 答案：to hold

2．解析：考查时态和语态。根据句中表示过去的时间状语可知，此处要用一般过去时；throw“使处于，使陷入”与主语是动宾关系，故用被动语态。 答案：was thrown

3．解析：考查代词。while连接两个表示对比的分句，对比的是作者哥哥的功课和作者的功课，此处用名词性物主代词mine指代my schoolwork。 答案：mine

4．解析：考查冠词。此处意为“我全然不知下一步要做什么”。at a loss“不知所措，困

惑”为固定搭配。 答案：a

5．解析：考查词性转换。根据后面的task可知，空处应用形容词修饰名词。 答案：painful

6．解析：考查非谓语动词。此处是with复合结构，根据后面的by glue可知，此处表示“被粘在一起”，stick与everything是逻辑上的动宾关系，故用过去分词作宾补。 答案：stuck

7．解析：考查词性转换。根据前面的of和语境可知，此处表示“自豪感”，空处应填名词pride。 答案：pride

8．解析：考查介词。上文提到Stan Munro是一个牙签工程师，空前一句提到这次作业帮助作者认识到他更擅长其他的事情，比如写作和弹钢琴(而不擅长用牙签制作东西)。故此处应表示“不像Stan Munro，我不是当牙签工程师的料”。故填介词Unlike。 答案：Unlike

9．解析：考查定语从句。分析句子结构可知，空处引导非限制性定语从句，先行词是前面的the chance，关系词在从句中作主语，故用which。 答案：which

10．解析：考查词性转换。空处修饰谓语动词，要用副词truly。注意：true变副词时要去e再加-ly。 答案：truly

B

(2019·合肥高三第三次检测)Some people are great at remembering faces. Once they meet you, they never forget how you look, while for other people, remembering a face is 1.____________ (simple) impossible. Such people have a condition of the brain called “face blindness”， 2.____________ actual name is developmental prosopagnosia (人面失认症), or DP for short.

There was a time when face blindness 3.____________ (think) to be rare. But recent 4.____________ (study) have shown that it might be more common than experts had thought. The latest study on face blindness came from Duchaine, 5.____________ professor of psychological and brain sciences at Dartmouth College. He wanted to find out 6.____________ the testees could recognize pictures of famous people or not. So he used fMRI to measure activities in their brains. An fMRI can identify chemical and other changes 7.____________ (result) from blood flow.

Results showed that when 8.____________ (show) famous faces, the testees drew a blank

with them. But they could identify the actor who has one specific feature, such as his special chin or moustache. Duchaine said this study 9.____________ (it) would not directly lead to any treatments. However, he said it could lead to a much 10.____________ (deep) understanding of how we remember the world around us. [语篇解读] 本文介绍了有关脸盲症的相关信息，以及有关脸盲症的最新研究，该研究有助于我们对如何记住我们周围的世界有一个更深的了解。

1．解析：考查词性转换。修饰形容词应用副词，故用副词simply修饰其后的impossible。 答案：simply

2．解析：考查定语从句。分析句子结构可知，空处引导非限制性定语从句，作actual name的定语，所以正确答案是whose。 答案：whose

3．解析：考查时态、语态和主谓一致。根据该句中的“There was a time”可知，应用一般过去时；分析句子结构可知，此处是sth.be thought to be结构，意为“某物被认为……”。且主语是单数，故填was thought。 答案：was thought

4．解析：考查名词的单复数。根据空前的“recent”以及空后的“have shown”可知，此处应用名词的复数形式，所以正确答案是studies。 答案：studies

5．解析：考查冠词。分析句子结构可知，________ professor of psychological and brain sciences是Duchaine的同位语，此处泛指一位教授，故用不定冠词；且professor的发音以辅音音素开头，所以正确答案是a。 答案：a

6．解析：考查宾语从句。分析句子结构可知，空处引导宾语从句，同时结合句意及句末的or not可知，连接词应是whether或if。所以正确答案是whether/if。 答案：whether/if

7．解析：考查非谓语动词。分析句子结构可知，本句已经有谓语can identify，故此处应用非谓语动词，又因changes与result from为主谓关系，故用现在分词短语作后置定语，所以正确答案是resulting。 答案：resulting

8．解析：考查非谓语动词。分析句子结构可知，when引导状语从句，空处为the testees were shown的省略形式，所以正确答案是shown。 答案：shown

9．解析：考查反身代词。根据句意并分析句子结构可知，空处作this study的同位语，应用反身代词，所以正确答案是itself。

答案：itself

10．解析：考查形容词的比较级。根据空前的“a much”以及空后的“understanding”可知，空处应用形容词的比较级，表示对于如何记住我们周围的世界有一个更深的了解，所以正确答案是deeper。 答案：deeper

C

(2019·武昌区三月检测)Whether they are playing on our TV screens or printed in newspapers, advertisements are everywhere.

They 1.____________ (appear) since the 18th and 19th century when advances in printing techniques allowed more detailed images 2.____________ (produce) in newspapers and magazines. Advertising often serves as an indicator for 3.____________ society considers to be socially acceptable and desirable at the time.

In spite of being designed to sell 4.____________ advertise something, some ads can even have a 5.____________ (tend) to become part of a society's dialect. For example, in the UK, if someone describes themselves 6.____________ a “Marmite Person”， this means that you may either love them or hate them, 7.____________ (base) on the British food Marmite's slogan, “Love it or hate it.”

The average person living in a city sees thousands of ads every single day. It seems that ads are a 8.____________ (big) part of everyday life than we think they are. Instead of finding them 9.____________ (trouble), however, at least we can be assured that future generations will have an interesting way to see how we lived—no matter how 10.____________ (great) today's world may change to them. [语篇解读] 本文是一篇说明文。广告在我们生活中无处不在，本文主要讲述了广告的历史及其特点。

1．解析：考查动词的时态。根据句中的“since the 18th and 19th century”可知，此处since是介词，与完成时连用；结合语境可知，此处应用现在完成时。 答案：have appeared

2．解析：考查非谓语动词和语态。allow sb./sth. to do sth.“允许某人/某物做某事”为固定用法；又因动词produce和其主语detailed images为动宾关系，应用被动语态，故填to be produced。 答案：to be produced

3．解析：考查宾语从句。分析句子结构可知，空处引导宾语从句，作介词for的宾语，表示“……的事物”，故用what。