ÉÌÒµ·ÕΧӪÔì ½¨Öþ - ͼÎÄ ÏÂÔØ±¾ÎÄ

˶ʿѧλÂÛÎÄ

Õ¹Àú³Ì¡£ÆäÖаٻõÉ̵êºÍ³¬¼¶Êг¡¶¼¾­ÀúÁ˲úÉúÆÚÓë·¢Õ¹ÆÚ£¬²¢×îÖÕ´ïµ½³ÉÊìÆÚ¡£¹ºÎïÖÐÐÄÓëÉÌÒµ²½ÐнÖĿǰÔÚ¹úÄڷdz£ÆÕ±é£¬ÈÔ´¦ÓÚѸËÙ·¢Õ¹ÆÚ¡£ÊéÖл¹Ìáµ½ÓÐÈËÔ¤²âÖйúÉÌÒµ²½ÐнÖÔÚ2010Äê×óÓÒ½«´ïµ½»ù±¾±¥ºÍ¡£Í¨¹ý¶Ô¸÷´ó³ÇÊеĵ÷²éÑо¿À´¿´£¬ÖйúµÄÉÌÒµ²½Ðнֻ¹Ã»Óдﵽ±¥ºÍ״̬£¬ÓÈÆäÊÇÔÚ¶þ¡¢ÈýÏß³ÇÊУ¬ÉÌÒµ»¹Óкܴó·¢Õ¹¿Õ¼ä¡£

¶ÔÓÚÉÌÒµ½¨Öþ·ÕΧӪÔìµÄÑо¿ÓУ¬ÖܽàµÄ¡¶ÉÌÒµ½¨ÖþÉè¼Æ¡·2£¨2012£©½«ÉÌÒµ½¨ÖþÓªÔìÊÖ·¨·ÖΪ¹ã¸æÃ½Ìå¡¢²ÄÖʱíÏÖ¡¢É«²Ê±íÏÖ¡¢»·¾³±êʶ¡¢¾°¹Û±íÏֺ͵ƹâ±íÏÖÁù¸öÊֶΡ£¡¶Öйú½¨Ñ§»áѧÊõÄê»áÂÛÎ·£¨2007£©Öеġ¶´«Í³ÉÌÒµ½ÖÇø¸üиÄÔìÓëÉÌÒµ·ÕΧµÄ±£ÓÐÓëÉýÖµ¡·3£¬ÒÔ±±¾©Î÷µ¥±±´ó½ÖÑØÏ߸ÄÔìΪÀý,´Ó½ÖÇø¿ÆÑ§ºÏÀíµÄ¶¨Î»¡¢ÌØÉ«ÄÚÈݵÄÅàÓý¡¢ÇкÏʵ¼ÊµÄ¸ÄÔì¡¢ÇøÓòÈÝÁ¿µÄ¿ØÖÆ¡¢ÉÌÒµ»·¾³µÄÓÅ»¯Îå¸ö·½Ãæ,ÂÛÊöÁË´«Í³ÉÌÒµ½ÖÇø¸üиÄÔìÓëÉÌÒµ·ÕΧ±£ÓкÍÌáÉýµÄ¹ØÏµÓë´ëÊ©¡£¡¶ÖÐÍ⽨Öþ¡·£¨2010£©Öеġ¶¸Ä¡°¾É¡±»»¡°Ð¡±£¬ÓªÔìŨÓôµÄ³ÇÊÐÉÌÒµ·ÕΧ¡·4£¬½áºÏÏîĿʵÀý£¬´Ó×ÜÆ½ÃæÉè¼Æ¡¢½¨Öþµ¥ÌåÉè¼Æ¡¢½á¹¹¼Ó¹ÌµÈ·½ÃæÏêϸ²ûÊöÁ˳¤É³ÊнðµÛ´ó¾Æµê¸ÄÀ©½¨ÏîÄ¿½¨ÖþÄÚ²¿¿Õ¼ä²¼¾ÖºÍ·ç¸ñÌØÉ«£¬´Ó¶øÊ¹¸ÄÀ©½¨ÏîÄ¿½¨Öþ´ïµ½¸Ä¡°¾É¡±»»¡°Ð¡±£¬ÓªÔìÈáºÍÇ×ÇÐÉÌÒµ·ÕΧµÄÄ¿µÄ¡£

ÒÔÉÏÑо¿ÊǶÔÉÌÒµ·ÕΧӪÔìµÄ·½·¨½øÐÐÁË×ܽᣬҲÓÐЩ×÷Õß´Óµ¥Ò»½Ç¶ÈÏêϸµØÃèÊöÁËÉÌÒµ·ÕΧӪÔìµÄ¾ßÌå´ëÊ©¡£À³¿µÄ¡¶É«²ÊËÜÔìÉÌÒµ·ÕΧ¡·5£¨2013£©½²Êö²¢·ÖÎöÁËÉ«²ÊÔÚËÜÔìÉÌÒµ·ÕΧÖеÄÖØÒª×÷Óá£ÀîÓ¢×˵ġ¶²½Ðнֿռä½çÃæºÍ

6ÉÌÒµ·ÕΧµÄÓªÔì¡·£¨2007£©ºÍÀîɺµÄ¡¶ÉÌÒµ²½ÐнÖÖ®¿Õ¼ä½çÃæÓªÔ졪¡ªÒÔÉϺ£¡¤ÐÂ

ÌìµØ&Äþ²¨¡¤ÌìÒ»¹ã³¡ÎªÀý¡·7£¨2004£©¶¼´Ó¿Õ¼ä½çÃæÉè¼ÆµÄ½Ç¶È½²ÊöÆä¶ÔÉÌÒµ·ÕΧӪÔìµÄÓ°Ïì¡£

¾­¹ýÂþ³¤µÄ·¢Õ¹£¬¹úÄÚ¶ÔÓÚÉÌÒµ½¨ÖþÉÌÒµ·ÕΧµÄÑо¿Ò²ÓÐÒ»¶¨µÄ»ýÀÛ¡£Öî¶à½¨Öþʦ¶ÔÆä½øÐйý²»Í¬·½ÃæµÄÑо¿£¬Ö÷ÒªÊÇͨ¹ýʵ¼Ê°¸ÀýÀ´·ÖÎöÉè¼ÆÖеÄÉÌÒµ·ÕΧӪÔì²ßÂÔ£¬¶ÔÑо¿ÓÐÒ»¶¨µÄÆôʾ×÷Óã¬ÊÇ·ñÓÐЧÓдýÊг¡µÄ¿¼Ñé¡£ 23

Öܽà. ÉÌÒµ½¨ÖþÉè¼Æ[M]. ±±¾©£º»úе¹¤Òµ³ö°æÉ磬2012.

³Â†´£¬´÷¼ó£¬¸µÔÀ·å. ´«Í³ÉÌÒµ½ÖÇø¸üиÄÔìÓëÉÌÒµ·ÕΧµÄ±£ÓÐÓëÉýÖµ[J].Öйú½¨Ñ§»áѧÊõÄê»áÂÛÎļ¯2007,(1): 297¡«302£® 4

ÀîÄÈ. ¸Ä¡°¾É¡±»»¡°Ð¡±£¬ÓªÔìŨÓôµÄ³ÇÊÐÉÌÒµ·ÕΧ¡ª¡ªÒÔ³¤É³ÊнðµÛ´ó¾Æµê¸ÄÀ©½¨ÏîÄ¿½¨ÖþÉè¼ÆÎªÀý[J]. ÖÐÍ⽨Öþ. 2010(07).

567

À³¿. É«²ÊËÜÔìÉÌÒµ·ÕΧ[J]. È«¹úÉÌÇé. 2013(15).

ÀîÓ¢×Ë. ²½Ðнֿռä½çÃæºÍÉÌÒµ·ÕΧµÄÓªÔì[J]. ÖÐÍ⽨Öþ. 2007(06).

Àîɺ. ÉÌÒµ²½ÐнÖÖ®¿Õ¼ä½çÃæÓªÔ졪¡ªÒÔÉϺ£¡¤ÐÂÌìµØ&Äþ²¨¡¤ÌìÒ»¹ã³¡ÎªÀý[J]. ÖØÇ콨Öþ. 2004(S1).

3

µÚ1Õ Ð÷ÂÛ

1.3.2 ¹úÍâÏà¹ØÑо¿

Å·ÃÀ¹ú¼ÒÏÖ´úÉÌÒµ½¨ÖþµÄÔ´Í·¿ÉÒÔ×·ËÝÖÁ19ÊÀ¼ÍÄ©£¬ÆäÉÌÒµ½¨ÖþµÄ·¢Õ¹Ò»Ö±ÓëÉÌҵģʽµÄ·¢Õ¹ÃÜÇÐÏà¹Ø¡£¹úÍâÏÖ´úÉÌÒµ½¨ÖþµÄ·¢Õ¹£¬Éæ¼°µÄÉÌÒµÐÎʽºÍ¹ú¼Ò¼«¹ã£¬Å·ÃÀ¼°ÈÕ±¾ÉÌÒµ½¨ÖþµÄ·¢Õ¹½ÏΪµäÐÍ¡£1852Ä꣬һ¸ö½Ð°¢Àï˹µÙµÂ¡¤²¼Î÷¿ÆµÄÄêÇáÈËÓëÈ˺ϻïÔÚ°ÍÀè´´°ìÁ˲©Âí¶ûлÉ̵꣬ʵÐÐÒ»Ì×ȫеľ­Óª²ßÂÔ£¬¾­ÓªÃæ»ý½öÓÐ100m2£¬µ«ÒѾ­±È´«Í³µêÆÌ´óµÃ¶à¡£Õâ¸öµê¾ÍÊÇÊÀ½çÉϵÚÒ»¼Ò°Ù»õÉ̵ꡣÔÚ·¢´ï¹ú¼Ò£¬°Ù»õÉ̵êÒ»°ã¶¼¾­Àú¹ýÓÉе½Ë¥µÄ·¢Õ¹Àú³Ì¡£ÔÚ°Ù»õÉ̵ê¸Õ³öÏÖµÄʱ¼äÀÆä½Ï´«Í³µêÆÌ¾ßÓÐÉÌÆ·ÖÖÀà·á¸»¡¢¹ºÎï»·¾³Á¼ºÃµÄÌØµã¡£È»¶øËæ×ÅÆû³µµÄÆÕ¼°ºÍ½¼Çø»¯µÄ·¢Õ¹£¬Á¬Ëøµê¡¢³¬¼¶Êг¡Ó빺ÎïÖÐÐijöÏÖ²¢Ñ¸ËÙ·¢Õ¹£¬Öð½¥³ÉΪÉÌÒµ½¨ÖþеÄģʽ¡£

¶¨Î»ºÏÊʵÄÉÌҵģʽÊÇÉÌÒµ·ÕΧӪÔìÖеÄÖØÒª±£ÕÏ£¬ÓÉÈðÊ¿ÈËÑÇÀúɽ´ó¡¤°ÂË¹ÌØÍߵ£¨Alexander Osterwalder£©ºÍ±ÈÀûʱÈËÒÁ·ò¡¤Æ¤Äá¶ò£¨Yves Pigneur£©ËùÖøµÄ¡¶ÉÌҵģʽÐÂÉú´ú£¨Business Model Generation£©¡·8£¬ÊéÖÐÌá³öÁËÃèÊö¡¢·ÖÎö¡¢Éè¼ÆÉÌҵģʽµÄ¹¤¾ß¡ª¡ªÉÌҵģʽ»­²¼£¬ÀûÓÃÉÌҵģʽ»­²¼·ÖÎöÈðÊ¿ÒøÐС¢Google¡¢Lego¡¢Wii¡¢AppleµÈ¿ç¹úÆóÒµ£¬¹éÄɳöÈýÖÖ²»Í¬µÄ²úҵģʽ£¬Ò²º­À¨Ð½üµÄÈÈÃÅÏÖÏóÃâ·ÑЧӦ¼°³¤Î²ÀíÂ۵ȡ£ÔÚÕâЩÓÐȤµÄÀý×ÓÖУ¬ÎÒÃDz»½ö¸üÊìïþÈçºÎÀûÓÃÕâ¸ö»­²¼×÷·ÖÎö£¬Ò²¸üÖªµÀÈçºÎÓªÔìÉÌÒµ·ÕΧ¡£ÔÚÊé¼®µÄºó°ë²¿£¬×÷Õß×ÅÁ¦ÓÚÈçºÎ½«·¢É¢µÄ´´Ò⼯½á³É¿ÉʵÐеIJßÂÔ£¬ÒÔ¼°²ßÂÔÖ´ÐеÄÎå¸öÖ÷Òª²½Ö裬½«ÉÌҵģʽ´´ÐÂÕâ¿´ËÆ¼èÉÔӵŤ×÷»¯ÕûΪÁã¡£

ÃÀ¹úÒ»¼Ò½ÏÖªÃûµÄÊÂÎñËù½ÝµÂ¹ú¼Ê½¨ÖþʦÊÂÎñËù(The Jerde Partnership,Inc.)´ÓÊ´óÐͽ¨ÖþÉè¼Æ¶àÄ꣬¶ÔÉÌÒµ½¨ÖþµÄÉè¼ÆÓÐÆä¶Àµ½µÄ¼û½â¡£ËûÃǽ«×Ô¼º¶àÄêµÄÉè¼ÆÊµ¼ù¾­Ñé½øÐÐÁË×ܽᣬ²¢±àдÁË¡¶½ÝµÂ¹ú¼Ê½¨ÖþÊÂÎñËù£¨The Jerde Partnership International)¡·9£¨2012£©£¬ÊéÖÐÏêϸ½²ÊöÁËÊý¸öÉÌÒµ¼°×ÛºÏÓÃ;ÏîÄ¿µÄÉè¼Æ·½·¨ºÍ×¼Ôò£¬²¢Ê¼Öչᴩһ¸öÉè¼ÆÀíÄ¡ªÌåÑéÐÔÉè¼ÆºÍ³¡ËùËÜÔ죨experiential design and placemaking£©£¬ÎªÉè¼ÆÊ¦ÌṩÁËÓªÔìÉÌÒµ·ÕΧµÄÉè¼ÆË¼Â·¡£½ÝµÂÊÂÎñËù»¹Óë

10ά¶ûÂí¡¤°Í¶ûÖøÓС¶¹úÍ⽨ÖþÉè¼Æ·½·¨Óëʵ¼ù´ÔÊ顤ÁãÊۺͶ๦Äܽ¨Öþ¡·£¨2004£©£¬

89

ÑÇÀúɽ´ó¡¤°ÂË¹ÌØÍߵ£¬ÒÁ·ò¡¤Æ¤Äá¶ò.ÉÌҵģʽÐÂÉú´ú[M].±Ï³çÒã Òë.±±¾©£º»úе¹¤Òµ³ö°æÉ磬2012. ëÀïÆë°Â¡¤Î¬Ëþ. ½ÝµÂ¹ú¼Ê½¨ÖþʦÊÂÎñËù[M].²ÜÓð Òë.±±¾©£ºÖйú½¨Öþ¹¤Òµ³ö°æÉ磬2004.

10

JerdeÊÂÎñËù£¬Î¬¶ûÂí¡¤°Í¶û.ÁãÊۺͶ๦Äܽ¨Öþ[M].¸ßÒ»º­¡¢ÑîºØ¡¢Áõö¬ Òë.±±¾©£ºÖйú½¨Öþ¹¤Òµ³ö°æÉ磬2010.

4

˶ʿѧλÂÛÎÄ

ΪÉè¼ÆÁãÊÛÒÔ¼°ÁãÊÛÓëÒûʳ¡¢ÓéÀÖ¡¢×¡Õ¬»ò¸ü¶à×éºÏµÄ×ÛºÏÌåËùÀµÒÔÖ§³ÖµÄ£¬²»Í¬»ò¹²Í¬µÄ½á¹¹ÌṩÁËÏêϸָµ¼Ô­Ôò£¬²¢ÍêÉÆÒÔÃèÊöÐԵIJåͼ£¬Îª¹ºÎïÖÐÐÄ¡¢³ÇÊÐÔÙÉú¡¢¸üй¤³Ì¡¢ÊÐÕòÖÐÐÄÒÔ¼°µ¥Ìå¶ÀÁ¢Ê½É̵ꡢµç×ÓÉÌÎñºÍ¶à¹¦ÄÜÉèÊ©µÈÏîÄ¿ÌṩÁËÖØÒª¡¢ÊµÓõÄÐÅÏ¢ºÍ×ÊÔ´¡£

¹úÍâ¶ÔÉÌÒµµÄÑо¿»¹Óкܶ࣬ÈçCarles Broto Dimitris KottasµÄNew Shopping Malls11£¬Chris van UffelenµÄMalls and Department Stores12£¬ËùÓÐÕâЩÑо¿¼¸ºõ¶¼ÊÇÒÔʵ¼ÊÏîÄ¿×÷Ϊ»ù´¡£¬¶ÔÉÌÒµ·ÕΧµÄÑо¿ÓÐÒ»¶¨µÄ²Î¿¼¼ÛÖµ¡£

1.4 Ñо¿µÄÄÚÈÝ

±¾ÎÄÖ÷ÒªÑо¿µÄÊÇÈçºÎÔËÓý¨ÖþµÄÊÖ·¨ÔÚ·½°¸Éè¼Æ½×¶Î¿¼ÂÇÓªÔì³ö½ÏºÃµÄÉÌÒµ·ÕΧ£¬Ê¹À´ÍùÂÿÍÏíÊܵ½ÊæÊʵÄÐÝÏйºÎï»·¾³£¬Ò²Äܹ»¸øÓèÉ̼ÒÀûÒæ×î´ó»¯¡£ Ñо¿ÄÚÈÝÖ÷Òª·ÖΪËĸö²¿·Ö£º

µÚÒ»²¿·Ö£¬¿ÎÌâÑо¿µÄ±³¾°¡¢Ñо¿µÄÄ¿µÄºÍÒâÒå¡¢Ñо¿µÄ·½·¨¼°Ñо¿µÄÄÚÈÝ¡£Á˽â¹úÄÚÍâÏà¹Ø×ÊÁÏ£¬Öƶ¨³öÑо¿µÄ¿ò¼Ü¡£

µÚ¶þ²¿·Ö£¬ÉÌó³ÇÏîÄ¿µÄ±³¾°¼°¶¨Î»£¬Á¼ºÃÉÌÒµ·ÕΧ¶ÔÉÌÒµ½¨ÖþµÄ×÷Óü°·½°¸Éè¼Æ¹¹Ë¼¡£

µÚÈý²¿·Ö£¬ÉÌÒµ·ÕΧµÄ´æÔÚ¼°¹¹³ÉÒªËØ£¬ÉÌÒµ·ÕΧµÄÐγɼ°±íÏÖÐÎʽ£¬ÔÙ̽ÌÖ½¨ÖþÉè¼ÆÖÐÉÌÒµ·ÕΧӪÔìÊÖ·¨£¬²¢Í¨¹ýÏà¹Ø½¨ÖþʵÀý¼ÓÒÔ·ÖÎö×ôÖ¤¡£Êµ¼ÊÏîÄ¿ÖÐÈçºÎÔËÓÃÆäÖеÄÊÖ·¨½øÐÐÉÌÒµ·ÕΧµÄÓªÔì¡£

µÚËIJ¿·Ö£¬¶Ô±¾ÎÄµÄ¹Ûµã½øÐÐ×ܽᣬÌá³öºóÐøÑо¿µÄ·½Ïò£¬²¢¸½ÉÏʵ¼ÊÏîÄ¿³É¹ûͼ¡£

1.5 Ñо¿µÄ·½·¨Óë¿ò¼Ü

1.5.1 Ñо¿·½·¨

1£©ÎÄÏ×ÔĶÁ·¨£º´ÓͼÊé¹Ý£¬ÍøÂçµÈ;¾¶´óÁ¿ÔĶÁ£¬¸÷ÀàÏà¹ØÊé¼®¡¢ÆÚ¿¯¡¢Ñ§±¨¼°ÓÅÐã˶ʿ¡¢²©Ê¿ÂÛÎÄ£¬Á˽âĿǰѧÕß¶ÔÉÌÒµ·ÕΧ×ö¹ýÄÄЩÑо¿£¬ÓÐÔõÑùµÄ 11

Carles Broto Dimitris Kottas. New Shopping Malls[M]. Azur Corporation, 2007.

12

Chris van Uffelen.Malls and Department Stores[M].Braun Pub Ag,2008.

5

µÚ1Õ Ð÷ÂÛ

ÈÏʶ¡£½«¶Ô±¾ÂÛÎÄÓаïÖúµÄÎÄÏ×½øÐÐÕûÀí£¬ÌáÉýÈÏʶˮƽ¡£

2£©ÊµµØµ÷Ñз¨£º¶ÔĿǰÈËÆø½ÏÍúµÄһЩÉÌÒµ½¨Öþ½øÐÐʵµØµ÷ÑзÖÎö£¬×ܽá³öÆäÓªÔìÁ¼ºÃÉÌÒµ·ÕΧµÄ·½·¨¡£¶ÔĿǰ±È½ÏÏôÌõµÄ²¿·ÖÉÌÒµ½¨ÖþÒ²½øÐÐʵµØµÄµ÷ÑзÖÎö£¬×ܽá³öÆäÓ°ÏìÉÌÒµ·ÕΧµÄ²»Á¼ÒòËØ¡£

3£©ÊµÀý·ÖÎö·¨£º¶ÔÓÚһЩ½ÏÔ¶µÄ£¬¶ÌÆÚÄÚÎÞ·¨Ôì·ÃµÄ¹úÄÚÍâÓÅÐãÉÌÒµ½¨Öþ£¬Í¨¹ýÔĶÁÎÄÏ×£¬Á˽âÆä¶ÀÌØµÄÉè¼ÆÊÖ·¨£¬ÎªÉÌÒµ·ÕΧ´´ÔìÌṩ˼·¡£

4£©ÏîĿʵ¼ù·¨£ºÈκÎÀíÂÛ¶¼±ØÐëÓÐʵ¼ÊÀ´Ö§³Å£¬±ÊÕß²ÎÓëʵ¼ÊÏîĿȫ½·Òâ´óÀûÉÌó³ÇµÄ·½°¸Éè¼Æ£¬Í¨¹ý¶Ô·½°¸µÄÊýÂָĽø£¬ÕÆÎÕÁË»ù±¾µÄÉÌÒµ½¨ÖþÉè¼Æ·½·¨£¬²¢¶Ô±¾ÎĵÄд×÷ÌṩÁ˼«´óµÄ°ïÖú¡£

6