英语翻译教程

2010-11-14 14:58 回复

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甲方和乙方本着友好合作的精神签订本令同,根据合同,甲方聘话乙方为外籍工作人员,今同条款如下:(合同)

This contract is made in a spirit of friendly cooperation by and between Party A and Party B,whereby Party A shall invite Party B for service as foreign staff on the terms and conditions stipulated [ 'stipjuleit ] as follows:

(二)科技语体包括科学专著、学术论文、科技报告等。最大的特点是专门术语多,词义单一、精确。句子较长且复杂,句法完整、严密。英文科拉语体还以其客观性、非人化和多用被动式而区别于其它文体。如:

本文介绍了以传统机车外型为基础、对机车端部适当流线化的准高速机车气动外型的设计方法,并具体应用到韶山8型准高速电力机车气动外型多方案设计,最后风洞实验证明此种设计方法是可行的。

This paper introduces the design method of aerodynamic [ ,ε?r?udai'n?mik,-k?l ] configuration of quasi -high [ 'kweizai ] adj. 准的;类似的speed electronic locomotive which is based on configuration of traditional locomotive with both ends partially streamlined. This method has been applied to the design work of several types of aerodynamic configuration of SS8 quasi-high speed electronic locomotive. The feasibility of this method has been confirmed by the model wind-tunnel testing data.

(三)政论语体。包括社论、时评、宣言等,有些新闻通讯也属于此类。特点是使用各种其它语体的手段,增加其表现力、感染力、号召力和鼓动性。例如: 有人说这是阴谋,我们说这是阳谋。

Some people said this was a covert scheme; we say it was an overt [ '?uv?:t, ?u'v?:t ] adj. 明显的;公然的;[律]蓄意的 one.

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? 2010-11-14 14:58 ?

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? 2010-11-14 14:59 ?

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(四)文艺语体。文艺语体是通过艺术形象来反映客观现实的,特点是广泛运用带有感情色彩和描绘色彩的语言成分。

语言的形象性是最主要的特征。例如:

有女阿宝,绝色也。日择良匹,大家儿争委禽妆,皆不当翁意。生时失俪,有戏之者,功其通媒。生殊不自揣,果从其教。(蒲松龄《聊斋志异?阿宝》)

译文I:He had a daughter Abao——an unrivaled beauty seeking for a good spouse——who was much sought after by wooers of lofty birth but none was eligible to her father. uen was then a widower. Someone duped him to send a matchmaker. So he did,unaware of his inadequateness.

译文II:He had a daughter of peerless beauty named Ah-pao,and to choose for her an excellent husband was his constant thought. Sons of the nobility had vied with each other to win her,but the father deemed none of these suitable. Sun at that time had lost his wife; someone in the jest told him he should have a matchmaker seek Ah-pao for him in marriage. Sun,having no real estimate of himself at all,followed the advice.(译文I、II均摘自《中国翻译》88—6“译文比较”)

从语体上看、译文II更接近原文。译文I中出现了“spouse”、“wooer”、“eligible”、“inadequateness”等词,其语域属于正式文体。语体还可以从另一角度分为描写(description)、叙述(narration)、说明(exposition)和论证(argumentation)四类。

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补 充 练 习

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将下列句子译成英文: 1. 坚持一个中国原则

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? 2010-11-14 15:00 ?

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2. 产品A为治疗充血性心力衰竭的突破性治疗药物。 3. 兹经买卖双方同意按照以下条款由买方购进卖方售出以下商品。

4. 兹奉告,该商品可即期装运。 5. 此端向上! 6. 勿近潮湿!

7. 在城市中心,拥有森林、湖泊的临湖别墅。

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第四节 汉英节奏特点以及对语言的影响

汉语是声调语言(tone language),英语是重音语言(stress l

anguage),两种语言各有自己的节奏特点。

一、音节扩充

汉语为了顺应句子节奏的需要,有时需将单音词扩充为双音词,或把双音节词扩充为四音节词。英语的构词与音节搭配与汉语完全不同,所以在同类情况下不需要添加这样的结构成分。

他于是蹲下便拔,而门口突然伸出一个很圆的头来。(《阿Q正传》)

He knelt down and began pulling,when suddenly a round head appeared from behind the gate.(Tr. Yang Xianyi)

翻译时,要真正理解这类词语,不要逐字死译。汉语双音及多音节词中,有些字是义素,用来表意,有些字是形素,可能只用来补充音节。

? 2010-11-14 15:01 ?

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二、词语重复

汉语为了追求音节的平衡和句法的完整性,往往需要重复,而英语以简洁为宗旨,尽量避免词语的重复。例如:

1、他的工作是洗桌子和漆桌子。He was to wash [ ] and paint tables.

2、停止的论点,悲观的论点,无所作为和骄傲自满的论点,都是错误的。Ideas of stagnation,[ ] pessimism,[ ] inertia and [ ] complacency are all wrong.

补 充 练 习

一、翻译下列词语,注意由于音节关系而增加或减少的词语的译法 1. 老师 2. 大师 3. 反左 4. 反右 5. 脱贫 6. 任重道远 7. 日新月异 8. 卧薪尝胆 9. 救死扶伤 10. 扶贫帮困

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二、翻译下面的段落

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