三年（2017-2019）高考真题英语分项汇编
专题16 阅读理解说明类
一、2019年高考真题
1. 【2019·全国卷I，C】
As data and identity theft becomes more and more common, the maret is growing for biometric(生物测量)technologies—lie fingerprint scans—to eep others out of private e-spaces. At present, these technologies are still epensive, though.
Researchers from Georgia Tech say that they have come up with a low-cost device(装置)that gets around this problem a smart eyboard. This smart eyboard precisely measures the cadence(节奏)with which one types and the pressure fingers apply to each ey. The eyboard could offer a strong layer of security by analying things lie the force of a user's typing and the time between ey presses. These patterns are unique to each person. Thus, the eyboard can determine people's identities, and by etension, whether they should be given access to the computer it's connected to—regardless of whether someone gets the password right.
It also doesn't require a new type of technology that people aren't already familiar with. Everybody uses a eyboard and everybody types differently.
In a study describing the technology, the researchers had 100 volunteers type the word “touch”four times using the smart eyboard. Data collected from the device could be used to recognie different participants based on how they typed, with very low error rates. The researchers say that the eyboard should be pretty straightforward to commercialie and is mostly made of inepensive, plastic-lie parts. The team hopes to mae it to maret in the near future.
28. Why do the researchers develop the smart eyboard? A. To reduce pressure on eys. C. To replace the password system.
B. To improve accuracy in typing D. To cut the cost of e-space protection.
29. What maes the invention of the smart eyboard possible？ A. Computers are much easier to operate. B. Fingerprint scanning techniques develop fast. C. Typing patterns vary from person to person. D. Data security measures are guaranteed.
30. What do the researchers epect of the smart eyboard？all 1o soisgitieoco oll.
A. It'll be environment-friendly. C. It'll be made of plastics. 31. Where is this tet most liely from? A. A diary.
B. A guideboo
B. It'll reach consumers soon. D. It'll help speed up typing.
C. A novel. D. A magaine.
【语篇解读】这是一篇说明文。数据和身份盗窃变得越越普遍，目前，向指纹扫描等这些技术仍然是昂贵的。本文介绍了一种新的科技——智能键盘，它能给e-space用户带安全，而且这项技术也不贵。 28.D
【解析】细节理解题。根据第一段的At present, these technologies are still epensive, though.和第二段的Researchers from Georgia Tech say that they have come up with a low-cost device that gets around this problem a smart ey board.可知，研究者们开发智能键盘是为了降低e-space保护的成本。故选D。 29.C
【解析】细节理解题。根据第二段的The ey board could offer a strong layer of security by analying things lie the force of a user’s typing and the time between ey presses. These patterns are unique to each person. Thus，the eyboard can determine people’s identities可知，因为每个人的打字方式不同，使智能键盘能够识别人的身份。故选C。 30.B
【解析】细节理解题。根据最后一段的The team hopes to mae it to maret in the near future.可知，研究者们希望智能键盘能早日面世。故选B。 31.D
【解析】推理判断题。本文介绍了一种新的科技——智能键盘，它能给e-space用户带安全，由此可知，本文是关于科技，结合所给选项可知，本文可能自于一本杂志。故选D。 2. 【2019·全国卷I，D】
During the rosy years of elementary school(小学), I enjoyed sharing my dolls and joes, which allowed me to eep my high social status. I was the queen of the playground. Then came my tweens and teens, and mean girls and cool ids. They rose in the rans not by being friendly but by smoing cigarettes, breaing rules and playing joes on others, among whom I soon found myself.
Popularity is a well-eplored subject in social psychology. Mitch Prinstein, a professor of clinical psychology sorts the popular into two categories the liable and the status seeers. The liables’ plays-well-with-others qualities strengthen schoolyard friendships, jump-start interpersonal sills and, when tapped early, are employed ever after in life and wor. Then there’s the ind of popularity that appears in adolescence status born of power and even
dishonorable behavior.
Enviable as the cool ids may have seemed, Dr. Prinstein’s studies show unpleasant consequences. Those who were highest in status in high school, as well as those least lied in elementary school, are “most liely to engage(从事)in dangerous and risy behavior.”
In one study, Dr. Prinstein eamined the two types of popularity in 235 adolescents, scoring the least lied, the most lied and the highest in status based on student surveys(调查研究). “We found that the least well-lied teens had become more aggressive over time toward their classmates. But so had those who were high in status. It clearly showed that while liability can lead to healthy adjustment, high status has just the opposite effect on us.\
Dr. Prinstein has also found that the qualities that made the neighbors want you on a play date-sharing, indness, openness — carry over to later years and mae you better able to relate and connect with others.
In analying his and other research，Dr. Prinstein came to another conclusion Not only is liability related to positive life outcomes, but it is also responsible for those outcomes, too. \lied creates opportunities for learning and for new inds of life eperiences that help somebody gain an advantage, ” he said. 32. What sort of girl was the author in her early years of elementary school? A. Unind.
B. Lonely.
C. Generous.
D. Cool.
33. What is the second paragraph mainly about？ A. The classification of the popular. B. The characteristics of adolescents. C. The importance of interpersonal sills. D. The causes of dishonorable behavior
34. What did Dr. Prinstein’s study find about the most lied ids? A. They appeared to be aggressive. B. They tended to be more adaptable. C. They enjoyed the highest status. D. They performed well academically. 35. What is the best title for the tet? A. Be Nice-You Won’t Finish Last B. The Higher the Status, the Beer C. Be the Best-You Can Mae It
D. More Self-Control, Less Aggressiveness
【语篇解读】这是一篇说明文。文章主要讲到研究表明，对别人好，讨人喜欢对人生活的各个方面有深远的有益影响。 32.C
【解析】推理判断题。根据第一段During the rosy years of elementary school, I enjoyed sharing my dolls and joes, which allowed me to eep my high social status（在美好的小学时光里，我喜欢分享我的娃娃和笑话，这让我保持了高高的社会地位。）由此推断出，作者在小学早期时，是一个慷慨的女孩。unind不友善的；lonely寂寞的；generous慷慨的；cool冷静的，故选C。 33.A
【解析】主旨大意题。第二段Mitch Prinstein, a professor of clinical psychology sorts the popular into two categories the liable and the status seeers.（临床心理学教授Mitch Prinstein将受欢迎的人分为两类讨人喜欢的人和追求地位的人。）是段落主题句，本段内容分别对the liable 和the status seeers 做了解释，所以本段主要介绍了两种受欢迎的分类，故选A。 34.B
【解析】推理判断题。根据第四段It clearly showed that while liability can lead to healthy adjustment （它清楚地表明，可爱可以促使健全的调整），由此推断出，心理学教授Mitch Prinstein的研究表明，最有人望的孩子适应性更强，故选B。 35.A
【解析】主旨大意题。通过阅读全文内容，尤其是最后一段，可知这篇文章主要讲了受欢迎，讨人喜欢对人生活的各个方面有深远的有益影响。与选项A“对别人好——最终，你的收获无穷无尽”一致，故选A。 4. 【2019·全国卷II，D】
Bacteria are an annoying problem for astronauts. The microorganisms(微生物) from our bodies grow uncontrollably on surfaces of the International Space Station, so astronauts spend hours cleaning them up each wee. How is NASA overcoming this very tiny big problem? It’s turning to a bunch of high school ids. But not just any ids. It depending on NASA HUNCH high school class, lie the one science teachers Gene Gordon and Donna Himmelberg lead at Fairport High School in Fairport, New Yor.
HUNCH is designed to connect high school classrooms with NASA engineers. For the past two years, Gordon’s students have been studying ways to ill bacteria in ero gravity, and they thin they’re close to a solution(解决方案). “We don’t give the students any breas. They have to do it just lie NASA engineers,” says Florence Gold, a project manager.
“There are no tests,” Gordon says. “There is no graded homewor. There almost are no grades, other than‘Are