中国矿业大学毕业设计答辩及综合成绩
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摘 要
本论文主要阐述了一般支撑掩护式液压支架的设计过程。首先，通过对四连杆机构的设计来确定支架的四连杆机构各杆系的长度及其相对空间位置；然后，确定液压支架的性能参数；其次，通过二维软件AuotoCAD来进行结构设计以达到优化；接着，以力学模型为依据，分析了液压支架的顶梁、掩护梁、底座上载荷的作用机理，得到了较为合理的支架载荷的计算公式；再次，结合本次设计的支架，从平面和空间两方面对支架主要结构件进行受力分析；最后对支架主要结构件强进行度效核。
由于该煤层厚度较厚，选用支撑掩护式液压支架。煤层厚度介于3.5m-5.5m之间，煤层厚度变化较大，选用调高范围大且抗水平推力强且带护帮装置的支撑掩护式支架。支架采用正四连杆机构，以改善支架受力状况。顶梁、掩护梁、底座均做成箱体结构；立柱采用双伸缩作用液压缸，以增加工作行程来满足支架调高范围的需要。推移千斤顶采用框架结构，以减少推溜力和增大移架力。
关键词：液压支架 液压 四连杆机构 采煤 支架选型 受力分析 强度校核
ABSTRACT
The article mainly elaborated the general shield type hydraulic pressure support design process. In the task,firstly, the optimal values of some parameters of the leading four-bar mechanism are determined. Secondly, ascertain the capability of hydraulic support. Nextly, the model is founded with the two-dimensional software, autoCAD and also do the Simulink, SimMechanics and simple analysis. Then on the base of mechanic model of support-surrounding, the mechanism and loads on the support is decided. The next work, with the condition of the design, the main mechanics of hydraulic support is analyzed and calculated by plane and spatial model. Finally, the under frame, top beam cave shield, wrists and hydraulic column are analyzed by calculation. And draw out all the process drawings.
Because this coal bed thickness is huge, selects the shield type hydraulic pressure support. Coal bed thickness is situated between between the 3.5~5.5 rice, coal bed thickness change bigger, selects adjusts the high scope big also the anti- horizontal thrust is strong also the belt protects helps the equipment the shield type support. The support uses the four link motion gear, improves the support stress condition. The top-beam, caving shield, the foundation makes the packed in a box body structure; The column uses the double expansion and contraction function hydraulic cylinder, increases the power stroke to satisfy the support to adjust the high scope the need. Passes the hoisting jack to use the portal frame construction, reduces pushes slides the strength and increases moves a strength.
Keywords：The hydraulic pressure support , hydraulic pressure , four-link mechanism , mining coal, support shaping optimal design mechanics characteristics strength checking
1 绪 论 ................................................................................................................................................................... 1
1.1液压支架的发展历史 ................................................................................................................................. 1 1.2我国液压支架的发展 ................................................................................................................................. 2 1.3 液压支架的用途、分类和结构 ................................................................................................................ 2
1.3.1 液压支架的用途 ............................................................................................................................. 2 1.3.2 液压支架工作状态及布置 ............................................................................................................. 3 1.3.3 液压支架的分类 ............................................................................................................................. 3 1.3.4 液压支架结构型式及特点 ............................................................................................................. 4 1.4液压支架的组成 ......................................................................................................................................... 6 1.5液压支架的支护方式 ................................................................................................................................. 6 1.6液压支架的工作原理 ................................................................................................................................. 6
1.6.1支架升降和推移 .............................................................................................................................. 7 1.6.2支架的承载过程 ............................................................................................................................ 8 1.7采煤工作面液压支架设计要求和设计必要的基本参数 .......................................................................... 8
1.7.1 设计目的 ......................................................................................................................................... 8 1.7.2 对液压支架的基本要求 ................................................................................................................. 8 1.8本文做的主要工作 ..................................................................................................................................... 9 2 液压支架整体结构设计 ......................................................................................................................................11
2.1 支架主要尺寸的确定 .............................................................................................................................11
2.1.1支架的高度和支架的伸缩比 .........................................................................................................11 2.1.2支架间距和宽度的确定 .................................................................................................................11 2.2底座长度的确定 ....................................................................................................................................... 12 2.3顶梁长度的确定 ....................................................................................................................................... 12
2.3.1支架工作方式对顶梁长度的影响................................................................................................. 12 2.3.2顶梁长度计算 ................................................................................................................................ 12 2.4四连杆机构的确定 ................................................................................................................................... 13
2.4.1四连杆机构的作用 ........................................................................................................................ 13 2.4.2四连杆机构的几何特征 ................................................................................................................ 13 2.4.2四连杆机构的几何算法 ................................................................................................................ 14
3 液压支架部件设计 ............................................................................................................................................. 17
3.1 顶梁 .......................................................................................................................................................... 17
3.1.1 主要作用 ....................................................................................................................................... 17 3.1.2结构型式 ........................................................................................................................................ 17 3.1.3顶梁结构和断面形状 .................................................................................................................... 18 3.2顶梁侧护板 ............................................................................................................................................... 19
3.2.1主要作用 ........................................................................................................................................ 19 3.2.2侧护板的种类与选择 .................................................................................................................... 19 3.2.3侧护板的结构型式 ........................................................................................................................ 19 3.3 底座 .......................................................................................................................................................... 20
3.3.1主要作用 ........................................................................................................................................ 20 3.3.2底座的结构型式、特点与选择..................................................................................................... 20 3.4推移装置 ................................................................................................................................................... 20 3.5立柱和千斤顶的设计 ............................................................................................................................... 21
3.5.1 立柱的类型 ................................................................................................................................... 21 3.6喷雾降尘系统的设计 ............................................................................................................................... 22