专题1.4 Earthquakes
【学以致用】
一、重点词汇细解
1．burst vi. (burst, burst) 爆裂；爆发n. 突然破裂；爆发
【教材原句】In the city, the water pipes in some buildings cracked and burst. but the one million people of the city, who thought little of these events, were asleep as usual that night.在市内，有些建筑物里的水管爆裂开来。但是，唐山市的一百万居民几乎都没有把这些情况当一回事，当天晚上照常睡着了。 【归纳拓展】
burst out 迸发；突然发作；突然……起来
burst out crying/singing/laughing突然哭起来/唱起来/笑起来 burst into/in 突然闯入；打断
burst into tears/song/laughter/cheers 突然哭/唱/笑/欢呼起来 burst with anger/grief/joy 勃然大怒/心痛欲绝/乐不可支 at a(one) burst 一阵；一口气；一举；一下 a burst of anger 怒火的迸发
①He looked as if he was about to burst into tears. 他看上去马上就会泪流满面。
②The whole class burst out laughing. 全班的人都突然笑了起来。 完成句子
（1）Hearing the news，she ________________(放声大哭)． （2）He ________________(闯进房间)without knocking at the door.
2．ruin n. 毁坏；毁灭，崩溃(pl.) 废墟，遗迹v. (使)破产，(使)堕落，毁灭 【教材原句】In fifteen terrible seconds a large city lay in ruins.在可怕的15秒
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钟内，一座大城市就沉沦在一片废墟之中。 【归纳拓展】
be/lie in ruins 成为废墟；破败不堪
ruin one's health/fame/friendship 毁坏某人的健康/名誉/友谊 come/go to ruin 毁灭，灭亡；崩溃；破坏掉 fall into ruin 成为废墟；坍塌 bring .... to ruin 使......毁灭 bring ruin upon oneself 自取灭亡 ruin oneself 自取灭亡 ①The city is now in ruins. 那个城市现在成了一片废墟。
②The storm laid the village in ruins. 暴风雨使这个村子成了一片废墟。
一、介词填空
（1）After the war, the city was ruins.
（2）His bad management brought his company ruin. （3）After that, the Empire Rome fell ruin. （4）The big storm let the crops go ruin. 【答案】（1）in （2）to （3）into （4）to
【明辨异同】ruin/destroy/damage/break在表示“破坏”、“损坏”时，这几个词所表示的破坏程度及含义不同。 ruin 指严重的以至于不能修复的“破坏”，但这种破坏不指毁灭某物，而是指长期损坏的结果。它也可用来表示抽象概念。 He knocked over a bottle of ink and ruined the tablecloth.他打翻了一瓶墨水，把桌布弄糟了。 The floods ruined many precious paintings.这次水灾毁坏了很多珍贵的画。（这里指把画泡得模糊不清，而不是弄碎了）。 destroy ①常指彻底的、不能或很难修复的“破坏”、“毁坏”，程度较深； 2
The earthquake destroyed almost the entire city.那次地震几乎毁灭了整个城市。 ②也可用于损坏抽象的东西，比如名誉、计划、努力、契约等。 That will destroy the reputation of our products.那要毁了我们产品的声誉 damage 程度较小的“破坏”、“损坏”，一般指被破坏的物品可以重新修复。 The car was only slightly damaged in the accident.这辆车在事故中只受到轻微的损坏。 break 是“破坏”、“打破”、“打碎”的意思。它表示的范围极广，程度也不一。可用于有形的东西，如石、玻璃、瓷器等，也可用于无形抽象的东西，如法律、沉默、魔力、习惯等。注意：break 既可作及物动词，也可作不及物动词。 The boy fell from the tree and broke his leg. 这孩子从树上跌下来，跌断了腿。 Glass breaks easily.玻璃容易破碎。 to break one’s heart使某人心碎 to break the law违法
二、选词填空ruin，destroy，damage，break
（1）Her heart was slightly ________as a result of her long illness. （2）His life was ________by drink.
（3）The earthquake almost ________all the bridges in this area. （4）Who the teapot?谁打破了这茶壶？
3．injure vt. 损害，伤害
【教材原句】The number of people who were killed or injured reached more than 400,000.死伤的人数达到40多万。学% ①do an injury to sb.伤害某人 ②injury n. 伤，伤口；伤害 ③injured adj. 受伤的，受委屈的
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the injured伤员
an injured look/expression委屈的样子/表情 injured pride/feelings受到伤害的自尊/情感
（1）The boy ______ his leg.
这个男孩把腿弄伤了。
（2）Your remark may ______ her pride.
你的话也许会伤她的自尊。
【明辨异同】wound/injure/hurt/harm
选词填空：injure，wound，hurt，harm
（1）The soldier was ________in the arm in the war.
（2）She was ________slightly in an accident during the work. （3）I was very much________at his words.
（4）This bright light will do great ________to your eyes. 【答案】（1）wounded（2）injured（3）hurt（4）harm 【语境助记】
The little hero was wounded badly in the battle, and unfortunately,he was also injured in a car accident on his way to hospital,which let him feel hurt deeply.He knew clearly that the war harmed the whole country.
那位小英雄在一次战斗中严重受伤,不幸的是,在他去医院的途中又在一起车祸中受伤,这让他内心深受伤害。他清楚地知道那次战争给整个国家造成了危害。
A sudden storm destroyed all the crops and did great damage to the houses.
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