differ (v.) 不同，相异，有区别
differential (adj.) 差别的，特定的，微分的 differentiate (v.) 识别，使差异，求导数，区分 differentiation (n.) 区别，分化，变异
e.g. Every country has something that differences it from another. 每个国家自有与别国不同之处。
He shook his head, for he thought differently. 他摇了摇头，因为他有不同想法。 Each writer's style differs from that of another. 每个作家的风格各不相同。
8. elevator (n.) 电梯，飞机升降陀
elevate (v.) 举起，提拔，素养提升，鼓舞 elevation (n.) 海拔，提拔，提高 elevatory (adj.) 向上举的，升高的
e.g. You can take the escalator to your right, or the elevator to your left. 您可以搭您右手边的电扶梯，或您左手边的升降梯。
Good books may elevate the mind. 好书可以提高思想修养。
My elevation watch just shown 5,600 meters. 我看了一下海拔表，只有5600米。
II Grammar Exercise
1. \
You use more than construction to indicate that there is a greater amount of something than before or than average, or than something else.
e.g. This parcel is heavier than that one.
John is a worker more efficient than Jack.
※You can use ―a little‖, ― a lot‖, ―a bit‖, ―a great deal‖, ―any‖, ―far‖, ― even‖ ―still‖, and ―much‖ in front of more than construction. e.g. Tom is a little younger than Tim.
You get far more than you pay for it. Practice:
Complete the sentences using a comparative form.
1. Children used to be quiet. Nowadays they seem to be much ____________. 2. I’m getting old. This is a job for a ________ man.
3. You’re standing too near the camera. Can you move a bit ________?
4. China has a population _________ than any other country in Asia. 5. The weather of Harbin in winter is _________ than that of Beijing. 6. He ran a fever yesterday but feels far __________ today. Keys:
1. more noisy 2. younger 3. further 4. larger 5. colder 6. better
2. \as … ss\ construction
The basic pattern of \as +adjective / adverb + as.
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e.g. John is as bright as Bob.
The swimming pool isn't as wide as that one.
※ You can use ―just‖, ―almost‖, ―nearly‖ , ―quite‖ in front of \as\ construction,
e.g. Listening skills are just as important as speaking.
Maybe I didn't love you quite as often as I should have.
Practice:
Complete the sentences using the ―as … as‖ construction or the comparatives of the adjectives given.
1. Mary is just ___________ (pale) before. She needs more exercises.
2. Are you going to watch the football game? I believe it will certainly be much _________________ (exciting) it was last year.
3. Don’t worry about Susan. She hasn’t been _____________ (unlucky) she pretends. 4. — Are you feeling any_________ (good)? — Yes，I'm fine now. 5. The experiment was much __________ (easy) than we had expected. 6. The fashion show is not nearly _____________ (bad) people imagined.
Keys:
1. as pale as (The premodifier is ―just‖.)
2. more exciting than (The premodifier is ―much‖.) 3. as unlucky as 4. better 5. easier 6. as bad as
3. the most
The superlative construction is used when three or more than three people or things are compared. In this construction there is usually a scope of comparison which may be expressed by a prepositional phrase, a relative clause, or a non-finite clause. Sometimes the scope of comparison is understood in the context and need not be expressed. In some set expressions, a scope of comparison is unnecessary at all. The negative form of the superlative construction is \least\which, in practical usage, is usually replaced by the superlative degree of antonymous adjectives or adverbs.
e.g. This is the least difficult book I have ever read.
The idea of highest degree can also be expressed by other constructions. In some contexts the positive or comparative degree expresses the same meaning as is usually conveyed by the superlative.
e.g. George did more work than anyone else.
Nothing in my life shook me so deeply as my first visit to China.
Practice:
Use superlatives or comparatives of the adjectives given to complete the sentences. 1. I prefer this chair to the other one. It’s ___________ (comfortable). 2. That’s _______________ (funny) joke I have ever heard.
3. Now I’ve realized that giving up my job is _____________ (bad) mistake I have ever made. 4. Racing is ___________ (interesting) sport I've ever known.
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5. The Yellow River is the second _____________ (long) river in China. 6. Which is the _____________ (large) country, Canada or Australia?
Keys:
1. more comfortable; (The comparative form is used because two chairs are being compared.)
2. the funniest; (When a noun is postmodified by a relative clause or a prepositional phrase, a superlative is used to premodify it.) 3. the worst
4. the most interesting
5. longest (When there is an ordinal number before a noun, a superlative is used after the ordinal number.)
6. larger (The comparative form is used because two countries are being compared.)
III. Translation exercises
1. 在音乐会上，歌手每唱完一首美妙动听的歌曲，观众便高声喝彩表示欣赏。（appreciation） Explanation:
\or magnitude of something.
Translation:
At the concert, whenever a singer finished singing a beautiful song, the audience would burst into loud cheers to show their appreciation. Practice:
对美酒的赞美和良好的分辨力总是相配的。
The appreciation of fine wine and that of fine intellectual distinctions often go together. 对于艺术作品的欣赏必然受到一种特殊的兴趣爱好的支配。
Appreciation of works of art is bound to be dominated by a particular kind of interest. 爱因斯坦的天才受到如此广泛的赞赏似乎相当引人注目。
It seems remarkable that there was such general appreciation of Einstein's genius.
2. 她是个穿着时髦的人，但对饮食很少讲究。(stylish) Explanation:
If you are stylish, you have elegance or taste or refinement in manners or dress, or you are in accordance with current social fashions. Translation:
She is always wearing stylish clothes, but seldom cares about what she eats or drinks. Practice:
他身穿吊带西裤，跳起舞来非常潇洒。
He is wearing a suit with shoulder straps and doing a stylish dance
阿玛尼所推出的夹克宽松而有型，一般大众都乐于接受这种变化。
Armani's loose, stylish jackets were seen as a welcome change.
重庆不是一个时尚的城市，这对重庆女孩来说，当然有些遗憾。 Chongqing is not a stylish city, and this is, of course, a pity to its girls.
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3. 颁奖时，主席赞美获奖者为人类做出了巨大贡献。(compliment) Explanation:
\Translation:
When awarding the prize, the chairman comlimented the winner on his great contribution to mankind. Practice:
威尔逊太太不屑地把眉毛一扬，否定了这句恭维话。
Mrs. Wilson rejected the compliment by raising her eyebrow in distain. 他沽名钓誉。
He angled for compliments. 他会说动听的恭维话。
He can turn pretty compliments.
4 这只是例行的体格检查，无须太紧张。(routine) Explanation:
\is a course of action to be followed regularly; a standard procedure or a set of normal procedures, often performed mechanically. Translation:
It is just a routine physical checkup, nothing to get worried about. Practice:
我厌倦了这日复一日、一成不变的日常工作。 I'm bored with the same old routine day after day. 你需要从日常工作中抽身去休息一下。 You need a break from routine.
那天傍晚，他没有把报告按规定送去存档，而是放进一个夹子，锁进了自己的抽屉。 Later that day, instead of sending it for routine filing, he placed the report in a folder in a locked drawer of his desk.
Unit 4
I. Vocabulary Analysis
1. Phrase practice
1. live life up= to have a very enjoyable and exciting time 积极向上地生活
e.g. I was determined to live life up after witnessing the tragedy. 目睹那场悲剧之后，我决定要积极的生活。
2. turn one’s back on = to go away from or refuse to be with 拒绝帮助
e.g. I can’t turn my back on friends who are in need of help. 我不能在朋友需要的时候拒绝他们。
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