4.8.1 ÊÔÓ͵ÀÉèÖà ......................................................................................................... 63 4.8.2 Ìí¼ÓÊÔÓÍÊý¾Ý ..................................................................................................... 63 4.8.3 ÉèÖÃÊÔÓͲã¶ÎÏÔʾ·½Ê½ ..................................................................................... 64 4.8.4 ÊÔÓͲã¶Î×óÓұ߽çµ÷Õû ..................................................................................... 65 4.8.5 ¸´ÖÆÊÔÓÍÊý¾Ýµ½Õ³Ìù°å ..................................................................................... 65 4.9 Éä¿×Êý¾ÝµÀ ..................................................................................................................... 65
4.9.1 Éä¿×µÀÉèÖà ......................................................................................................... 66 4.9.2 Ìí¼ÓÉä¿×Êý¾Ý ..................................................................................................... 66 4.9.3 Éä¿×²ã¶ÎµÄÏÔʾ·½Ê½ ......................................................................................... 66 4.9.4 Éä¿×²ã×óÓұ߽çµ÷Õû ......................................................................................... 67 4.9.5 Éä¿×Êý¾Ý¸´ÖƵ½Õ³Ìù°å ..................................................................................... 67 4.10 ȡоµÀÉèÖà ................................................................................................................... 67 4.11 ÑÒÑùµÀÉèÖà ................................................................................................................... 68
4.11.1 ÑÒÑùµÀÉèÖà ....................................................................................................... 68 4.11.2 Ìí¼ÓÑùƷλÖà ................................................................................................... 68 4.11.3 ÑùÆ·ÏÔʾÉèÖà ................................................................................................... 69 4.12 ͼƬµÀÉèÖà ................................................................................................................... 69
4.12.1 ͼƬ¼ÓÔØ ........................................................................................................... 69 4.12.2 ÉèÖÃͼƬÑùʽ ................................................................................................... 70 4.13 Îı¾µÀÉèÖà ................................................................................................................... 70
4.13.1 ÔÚÎı¾µÀÄÚ²åÈëвã ....................................................................................... 70 4.13.2 ×ÖÌåÊôÐÔÉèÖà ................................................................................................... 70
µÚÈý²¿·Ö »æÖƵزã¶Ô±Èͼ ........................................................................................................... 71 µÚÎåÕ ¿¨±¼¶à¾®Í¼×ª»»µØ²ã¶Ô±Èͼ ........................................................................................... 71 µÚÁùÕ µØ²ã¶Ô±Èͼ ....................................................................................................................... 74
6.1 н¨µØ²ã¶Ô±Èͼ ............................................................................................................. 74 6.2 ½¨Á¢µØ²ã¶Ô±È¿ò¼Ü ......................................................................................................... 78
6.2.1 н¨µØ²ã¶Ô±ÈÆÊÃæ ............................................................................................. 78 6.2.2 ÔÚÒÑÓÐÆÊÃæÖÐÌí¼Ó¾® ......................................................................................... 81 6.3 ¶Ô±È²Û ............................................................................................................................. 82 µÚÆßÕ µØ²ã¶Ô±Èͼ²Ù×÷ ............................................................................................................... 82
7.1 ½ØÈ¡¾®¶Î ......................................................................................................................... 82
7.1.1 ÔÚÉî¶ÈµÀÉϽØÈ¡¾®¶Î ......................................................................................... 82 7.1.2 ÔڵزãµÀÖнØÈ¡¶Ô±È²ã¶Î ................................................................................. 83 7.2 Á¬½Ó·Ö²ã ......................................................................................................................... 85
7.2.1 °´Ãû³ÆÁ¬½Ó²ã ..................................................................................................... 85 7.2.2 ÊÖ¶¯Á¬²ã ............................................................................................................. 87 7.2.3 ²ã¼âÃð ................................................................................................................. 87 7.3 ÉèÖòãµÄÁ¬½ÓʽÑù ......................................................................................................... 88
7.3.1 ²ãÄÚ³äÌî ............................................................................................................. 88 7.3.2 Ôö¼Ó²ã·Ö²æ ......................................................................................................... 91 7.4 ²ãÀƽ ............................................................................................................................. 92
7.4.1 ÉèÖòãÀƽ ......................................................................................................... 92 7.4.2 »Ö¸´ÕæÊµº£°Î ..................................................................................................... 92
III
7.5 Óëµ¥¾®Í¼¹ØÁª½âÊÍ ......................................................................................................... 93
7.5.1 ´ò¿ª½âÊÍÎĵµ ..................................................................................................... 93 7.5.2 н¨Ò»¸ö½âÊÍÎĵµ ............................................................................................. 94 7.5.3Ñ¡ÔñÒ»¸öÒÑ´æÔڵĽâÊÍÎĵµ .............................................................................. 94 7.5.4 ´Óµ¥¾®·ÖÎöͼ·µ»Ø¶Ô±Èͼ ................................................................................. 95 7.6 ÐÞÊεزã¶Ô±Èͼ ............................................................................................................. 95
7.6.1 ÉèÖÃÍ¼Ãæ±ÈÀý ..................................................................................................... 95 7.6.2 ÉèÖÃÆÊÃæµÄͼÉϵľ®¼ä¾àÀë ............................................................................. 96 7.6.3 ÉèÖþ®µÄ»æÖÆÊ½Ñù ............................................................................................. 96 7.6.4 Ìí¼Ó±ê×¢ ............................................................................................................. 97 7.7 ¸´ÖƵزã¶Ô±ÈͼΪͼƬ ................................................................................................. 97 7.8 Óɵزã¶Ô±ÈͼÉú³ÉÆäËüͼ±í ......................................................................................... 97
7.8.1 Óɵزã¶Ô±ÈͼÉú³ÉÆÊÃæÍ¼ ................................................................................. 98 7.8.2 Óɵزã¶Ô±ÈͼÉú³Éդ״ͼ ................................................................................. 99 7.8.3 Óɵزã¶Ô±ÈͼÉú³ÉµÈÖµÏßͼ ........................................................................... 101
µÚËIJ¿·Ö »æÖÆÓÍÆø²ØÆÊÃæ ......................................................................................................... 105 µÚ°ËÕ ¿¨±¼¶à¾®Í¼×ª»»ÆÊÃæÍ¼ ................................................................................................. 105 µÚ¾Åՠн¨ÆÊÃæÍ¼Óë²Ù×÷ ......................................................................................................... 109
9.1 н¨Îĵµ ....................................................................................................................... 109 9.2 Ô²»¬Á¬½Ó²ã ................................................................................................................... 112
9.2.1 Ô²»¬ËùÓÐÁ¬½Ó²ã ............................................................................................... 112 9.2.2 Ô²»¬Ñ¡ÖеIJã ................................................................................................... 113 9.2.3 ÀÖ±Á¬½Ó²ã ....................................................................................................... 114 9.3 Á¬½Ó²ãµÄÏÔʾÉèÖà ....................................................................................................... 115
9.3.1 Á¬½Ó²ãÐÎ̬µ÷Õû ............................................................................................... 115 9.3.2 ²ãÄÚ³äÌî ........................................................................................................... 117 9.3.3 ²ãÄÚ½çÃæ¿ØÖÆ ................................................................................................... 118 9.3.4 ÉèÖòãÄÚÁ½Ïà¹ý¶ÉʽÑù ................................................................................... 118 9.3.5 ÉèÖò»ÕûºÏ ....................................................................................................... 119 9.4 ²ã¼âÃðʽÑùÉèÖà ........................................................................................................... 120
9.4.1 À³ö²ã¼âÃð ....................................................................................................... 120 9.4.2 ÉèÖòã¼âÃð ....................................................................................................... 120 9.5 ÉèÖòãÑÓÉìÐÎ̬ ........................................................................................................... 121 9.6 ÉèÖþ®»æÖÆÑùʽ ........................................................................................................... 122 9.7 ÉèÖöϲã ....................................................................................................................... 122
9.7.1 Ìí¼Ó¶Ï²ã ........................................................................................................... 122 9.7.2 ÉèÖöϲãÊôÐÔ ................................................................................................... 123 9.7.3 Ôö¼Ó¶Ï²ãÏß¿ØÖƵã ........................................................................................... 123 9.7.4 ·â¶ÂÁ÷ÌåºÍ·Ö¸ôÑÒÐÔ ....................................................................................... 124 9.8 ÉèÖÃб¾® ....................................................................................................................... 125
9.8.1 ¼ÓÔØ¾®Ð±Êý¾Ý ................................................................................................... 125 9.8.2 ÉèÖÃб¾®ÏÔʾ ................................................................................................... 126 9.9 ÔÚÆÊÃæÍ¼ÖмÓÔØµØÕðÆÊÃæ ................................................................................... 128 9.10 ¸´ÖÆÆÊÃæÍ¼ÎªÍ¼Æ¬ ............................................................................................. 131
IV
µÚÎ岿·Ö Æ½ÃæÍ¼ ......................................................................................................................... 132 µÚÊ®ÕÂ Æ½ÃæÍ¼ ............................................................................................................................. 132
10.1 н¨Æ½ÃæÍ¼ ................................................................................................................. 132 10.2 ͼ²ãÉèÖà ..................................................................................................................... 134 10.3 Êý¾ÝÉú³ÉÆ½ÃæÍ¼ ......................................................................................................... 135
10.3.1 ¼ÓÔØ¹¤Çø¾®Î» ................................................................................................. 135 10.3.2 µ¼ÈëÍ¼Ôª×ø±ê ................................................................................................. 136 10.3.3 µ¼³ö×ø±êÊý¾Ý ................................................................................................. 138 10.4 ²åÈëͼ¿ò ..................................................................................................................... 139
10.4.1 ²åÈëͼ¿ò ......................................................................................................... 139 10.4.2 ±à¼Í¼¿òÊôÐÔ ................................................................................................. 140 10.5 ¸´ÖÆÆ½ÃæÍ¼ÎªÍ¼Æ¬ ..................................................................................................... 141 µÚʮһÕÂ Æ½ÃæÍ¼Í¼Ôª ................................................................................................................. 142
11.1 µã״ͼԪ ..................................................................................................................... 142
11.1.1 ²åÈ뾮λ ......................................................................................................... 142 11.1.2 ²åÈë×Óͼ ......................................................................................................... 142 11.1.3 ²åÈëÎÄ×Ö ......................................................................................................... 143 11.2 Ïß״ͼԪ ..................................................................................................................... 143
11.2.1 Ìí¼ÓºÍ±à¼ÏßÌõ ............................................................................................. 144 11.2.2 Ìí¼Ó±à¼¶Ï²ã ................................................................................................. 147 11.2.3 Ìí¼Ó±à¼¹¹ÔìÖáÏß ......................................................................................... 147 11.2.4 Ìí¼Ó±à¼ÆÊÃæÎ»Öà ......................................................................................... 148 11.2.5 Ìí¼Ó±à¼µÈÖµÏß ............................................................................................. 148 11.2.6 Ìí¼Ó±à¼µÀ· ................................................................................................. 148 11.2.7 Ìí¼Ó±à¼µØ²ã½çÏß ......................................................................................... 149 11.2.8 Ìí¼Ó±à¼ÓÍÆøË®±ß½ç ..................................................................................... 150 11.3 Ãæ×´Í¼Ôª ..................................................................................................................... 150
11.3.1 ²åÈëÐòÁеã¶à±ßÐÎ ......................................................................................... 151 11.3.2 ²åÈëÃæ»ýȨºâͼ ............................................................................................. 151 11.3.3 ²åÈë¶à±ßÐÎ ..................................................................................................... 153 11.3.4 ²åÈëÔ²»¬¶à±ßÐÎ ............................................................................................. 153 11.4 ²åÈëµÈÖµÏß ................................................................................................................. 153
11.4.1 µ¼ÈëµÈÖµÏßͼÑùµãµÄ×ø±êÊý¾Ý ..................................................................... 154 11.4.2 ±à¼µÈÖµÏßͼ ................................................................................................. 155 11.4.3 ÌáÈ¡µÈÖµÏßͼԪ ............................................................................................. 157 11.5 ͽÊÖ»æÖÆÏߺÍÃæ ......................................................................................................... 157
11.5.1 »æÖÆÏßÌõ ......................................................................................................... 157 11.5.2 µã»æÏßÌõ ......................................................................................................... 157 11.5.3 ÏßͼԪÉú³ÉÃæÍ¼Ôª ......................................................................................... 158 11.5.4 Á¬½ÓÏßÌõ ......................................................................................................... 158
µÚÁù²¿·Ö ×ÔѡͼÐεÄǶÈëºÍ±à¼ ............................................................................................. 159 µÚÊ®¶þÕ ×ÔѡͼÐÎ ..................................................................................................................... 159
12.1 Îı¾¿ò ......................................................................................................................... 159 12.2 ͼƬ ............................................................................................................................. 160
V
12.3 »ù±¾Í¼ÐÎ ..................................................................................................................... 161 12.4 ±ê×¢ ............................................................................................................................. 162 12.5 ¼ýÍ· ............................................................................................................................. 162 12.6 ÏßÌõºÍ¶à±ßÐÎ ............................................................................................................. 163 12.7 ͼ±í ............................................................................................................................. 164
12.7.1 ±í¸ñ ................................................................................................................. 164 12.7.2 ±ýͼ ................................................................................................................. 166 12.7.3 Ö±·½Í¼ ............................................................................................................. 168 12.7.4 ½»»áͼ ............................................................................................................. 173 12.8 ʯÓ͵ØÖÊͼÀý ............................................................................................................. 183
12.8.1 Ìí¼ÓÏ߶αÈÀý³ßͼÀý ..................................................................................... 183 12.8.2 Ìí¼Óµ¥¸öͼÀý ................................................................................................. 184 12.8.3 Ìí¼ÓͼÀý×é ..................................................................................................... 187 12.9 ǶÈëÎĵµ ..................................................................................................................... 188
12.9.1 ǶÈëÆ½ÃæÍ¼Îĵµ ............................................................................................. 189 12.9.2 ǶÈëÆÊÃæÍ¼Îĵµ ............................................................................................. 192 12.9.3 ǶÈëµ¥¾®Í¼Îĵµ ............................................................................................. 194
µÚÆß²¿·Ö »æÍ¼·ûºÅ¼°·Ö²ãÊôÐÔÅäÖà ......................................................................................... 196 µÚÊ®ÈýÕ »æÍ¼·ûºÅ ..................................................................................................................... 196
13.1 »æÍ¼¹¤¾ß ..................................................................................................................... 197
13.1.1 ʸÁ¿»Ë¢ ......................................................................................................... 197 13.1.2 ʸÁ¿»±Ê ......................................................................................................... 198 13.1.3 ×Ô¶¨Òå»Ë¢Í¼°¸ ............................................................................................. 199 13.2 »æÍ¼·ûºÅ ..................................................................................................................... 200
13.2.1 Ìí¼ÓзûºÅ ..................................................................................................... 200 13.2.2 ±à¼·ûºÅ´óСºÍÐÎ̬ ..................................................................................... 201 13.2.3 ±à¼Í¼°¸ÏÔʾÊôÐÔ ......................................................................................... 202 13.3 ·Ö²ã¶¨Òå ..................................................................................................................... 202
13.3.1 ·Ö²ãÀàÐͶ¨Òå ................................................................................................. 203 13.3.2 µØ²ãµ¥Ôª¼°²ã×鶨Òå ..................................................................................... 203 13.4 ÊôÐÔ¶¨Òå ..................................................................................................................... 204 µÚ°Ë²¿·Ö Êý¾Ý·þÎñ ..................................................................................................................... 206 µÚÊ®ËÄÕ Êý¾Ý·þÎñ ..................................................................................................................... 206
14.1 ÅäÖÃÊý¾Ý·þÎñ ............................................................................................................. 206 14.2 ×¼±¸Êý¾Ý ..................................................................................................................... 209 14.3 ¼ÓÔØµ¥¾®Êý¾Ý ............................................................................................................. 212
14.3.1 ¼ÓÔØ²â¾®ÇúÏß ................................................................................................. 212 14.3.2 ¼ÓÔØÀëÉ¢µÀÊý¾Ý ............................................................................................. 217 14.3.3 ¼ÓÔØÎı¾µÀÊý¾Ý ............................................................................................. 218 14.3.4 ¼ÓÔØÑÒÐÔµÀÊý¾Ý ............................................................................................. 219 14.3.5 ¼ÓÔØ½âÊÍ·Ö²ãµÀÊý¾Ý ..................................................................................... 220 14.3.6 ÆäËüµÀÊý¾ÝµÄ¼ÓÔØ ......................................................................................... 221 14.3.7 ÅúÁ¿¼ÓÔØ¶à¾®µÀÊý¾Ý ..................................................................................... 221 14.4 ²»Í¬Êý¾Ý·þÎñÖ®¼äµÄÊý¾ÝÇ¨ÒÆ ................................................................................. 224
VI