5. This article is a good example of the way scientists A. jump to conclusion.
B. discover workable answers to general questions by studying particular cases. C. formulate a law and then carry out investigation. D. are frustrated by the habits of animals.
83. Social customs and ways of behaving change. Things which were considered impolite many
years ago are now acceptable. Just a few years ago, it was considered impolite behavior for a man to smoke on the street. No man who thought of himself as being a gentleman would make a fool of himself by smoking when a lady was in a room.
Customs also differ from country to country. Does a man walk on the left or the right of a woman in your country? Or doesn’t it matter? What about table manners? Should you use both hands when you are eating? Should you leave one on your lap, or on the table?
The Americans and the British not only speak the same language but also share a large number of social customs. For example, in both America and England people shake hands when they meet each other for the first time. Also, most Englishmen will open a door for a woman or offer their seat to a woman, and so will most Americans. Promptness is important both in England and in America. That is, if a dinner invitation is for 7 o’clock, the dinner guest either arrives close to that time or calls up to explain his delay.
The important thing to remember about social customs is not to do anything that might make other people feel uncomfortable, especially if they are your guests. There is an old story about a man who gave a formal dinner party. When the food was served, one of the guests started to eat his peas with a knife. The other guests were amused or shocked, but the host calmly picked up his knife and began eating in the same way. It would have been bad manners to make his guest feel foolish or uncomfortable.
1. If one has accepted a dinner invitation, what should he do if he is to be late for the dinner? A. He should find an excuse. B. He should ask for excuse.
C. He should say “Sorry”. D. He should telephone to explain his being late.
2. “It would have been bad manners to make his guests feel foolish or uncomfortable.” “Bad manners: means ___. A. ugly B. dishonest C. impolite D. shameful
3. Which of the following do you think is the best title for this passage? A. Social Customs and Behavior B. Social life
C. American and British Customs D. Promptness Is Important 4. According to the text, the best host ___.
A. tries his best to make his guests feel comfortable B. makes his guests feel excited
C. tries to avoid being naughty to his guests D. tries to avoid being foolish
5. The author of this article may agree with which of the following?
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A. The guest who ate his peas with a knife.
B. The other guests who were amused or shocked.
C. The host who picked up his knife and began eating in the same way. D. None of the above.
84. There have been many great inventions, things that changed the way we live. The first great
invention was that is still very important today --- the wheel. This made it easier to carry heavy things and to travel long distances.
For hundreds of years after that there were few inventions that had as much effect as the wheel. Then in the early 1800’s the world started to change. There was little unknown land left in the world. People didn’t have to explore much anymore. They began to work instead to make life better.
In the second half of the 19th century many great inventions were made. Among them were the camera, the electric light and the radio. These all became a big part of our life today.
The first part of the 20th century saw more great inventions. The helicopter in 1909, sound movies in 1926, the computer in 1928, and jet planes in 1930. This was also a time when a new material was first made. Nylon came out in 1935. It changed the kind of clothes people wear. The middle part of the 20th century brought new ways to help people get over disease. They worked very well. They made people healthier and let them live long lives. By the 1960s most people could expect to live to be at least 60.
By this time most people had a very good life. Of course new inventions continued to be made. But man now had a desire to explore again. The world is known to man but the stars are yet. Man began looking for ways to go into space. Russia made the first step. Then the United States took a step. Since then other countries, including China and Japan, have made their steps into space.
In 1969 man took his biggest step away form earth. Americans first walked on the moon. This is certainly just a beginning though. New inventions will someday allow us to do things we have never yet dreamed of.
1. ___ inventions had had as much effect as the wheel before the 19th century. A. Quite a number of B. Some C. Few D. Many other 2. Nylon came out nearly at the same time as ___.
A. the radio B. the camera C. jet planes D. the movies
3. People can live longer lives because ___ to help cure diseases have worked very well. A. doctors B. new methods C. medicines D. new hospitals 4. This passage talks mainly about ___.
A. how inventions affect people’s lives B. when the electric light was invented C. which country made the first step into space D. why cars were very important
5. We can safely come to the conclusion that people’s lives will be made even better through ___.
A. new discoveries B. greater inventions
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C. better ways to help get over diseases D. all of the above
85. The whole body is covered with skin. The surface of the skin is dead (like the hair and
nails), but it is made from a living layer just under the surface. The outside dead layers wear off all the time, with new ones replacing them, and the body forms a totally new skin every three weeks.
The skin protects the body from the outside world and it passes in information from the outside. It helps to keep water in the body and to keep the body at the same temperature. Bacteria (germs) cannot get in through the skin unless it is damaged.
If the weather is cold, the blood vessels on the skin squeeze (挤压) down, or contract, so that as little blood as possible comes near the surface. This means that less warmth is lost to the outside. This makes the skin look pale, or even “blue”. At the same time, the hairs on the skin are pulled upright by tiny muscles.
When it is hot, the blood vessels expand, or get wider again, to allow plenty of blood to run near the surface of the skin. This helps the body to loose heat, and the skin may look red. At the same time, The sweat glands produce more sweat, which cools the skin down.
If the skin has ever been numb, you will realize how important the feeling from the skin is. Nerves in the skin are sensitive to heat and cold, sharpness, hardness and softness, wetness and dryness and pain. If one is not able to feel these things, which can act as warning, he is likely to be burned, cut or hurt in other ways.
The color of the skin depends on special color cells. These are just below the top layers of the skin. They are needed as protection from some of the harmful rays of the sun. The stronger the sun, the more important it is to have a dark skin. People with pale skins may “tan(晒黑)” in the sun. This happens when the body produces extra color cells in the skin for protection. In the sun, the skin produces a vitamin (vitamin D) which is needed for strong bones. 1. According to the passage, which of the following statements is not true? A. There is skin all over one’s body.
B. The skin of one’s body will be completely different in three weeks. C. The surface of the skin is made of a living layer D. One’s hair and nails are dead.
2. The second paragraph of the passage mainly talks about. A. the functions of the skin B. the temperature of the skin C. the information from the skin D. the water in one’s body 3. When will bacteria get in through the skin? A. When one is ill. B. When the bacteria are strong enough. C. When the skin is cut. D. When the temperature is very low. 4. When the weather is cold, the skin will contract in order to
A. make more blood come near the surface. B. keep warmth. C. make the skin look pale. D. help the body lose heat. 5. The color of the skin is determined by.
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A. the top layers of the skin. B. vitamin D C. the rays of the sun D. color cells.
86. Many of the world’s pollution problems have been caused by the crowding of large groups
of people into the cities. Supply for the needs of the people leads to further pollution by industry. If the rapid increase in human population continues at the present rate, there may be much greater harm. Some scientists speak of the increase in numbers of people as“population pollution”.
About 2,000 years ago, the world population was probably about 250 million. It reached a billion in 1850. By 1930, the population was two billion. It was three and a half billion by 1980. It doubled by the year 2000. If the population continues to grow at the same rate, there would be 25 billion people in the world a hundred years from now!
Man has been using the earth’s resources more and more rapidly over the years. Some of them are almost gone. Now many people believe that man’s greatest problem is how to control the growth of his own population. The materials in the world will not support the human population, in time to come, if the present rate of increase continues. Already there is overcrowding in the cities and hunger in some countries. Can man’s rate of increase continue? Many people believe that human survival in the future depends on the answer to this question. 1. The world’s pollution problems would be less serious if A. fewer people moved from countryside to the cities. B. More people moved from countryside to the cities. C. Industry developed less fast.
D. Many people moved to the cities without the fast development of industry. 2. The increasing move to the cities of the people is thought to be A. city pollution B. population pollution C. countryside pollution D. industry pollution 3. In 1850 the population in the world was
A. 250 million B. 1,000million C. 200 million D. 2,000million 4. In the year 2000, the world population was
A. 350 million B. 25,000 million C. 4,000 million D. 7,000 million 5. The most serious problem man is facing is thought to be A. The using of the earth’s resources.
B. The control over the waste of the natural materials. C. How to slow down the increase of population. D. How to stop the birth of new babies.
87. While flying in space, astronauts have no weight. It is a condition of weightlessness. How
does this affect their heart and blood vessels? What happens to their hearts and blood vessels when they go into space?
On earth gravity (引力) makes blood flow down towards the feet, so the heart must work to pump blood up. In space blood flows up towards the heart. The effect is similar to what happens
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